WO1994024773A1 - Global video communications systems - Google Patents
Global video communications systems Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994024773A1 WO1994024773A1 PCT/US1994/003899 US9403899W WO9424773A1 WO 1994024773 A1 WO1994024773 A1 WO 1994024773A1 US 9403899 W US9403899 W US 9403899W WO 9424773 A1 WO9424773 A1 WO 9424773A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- microwave
- receiving
- compressed
- digital
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/14—Systems for two-way working
- H04N7/141—Systems for two-way working between two video terminals, e.g. videophone
- H04N7/147—Communication arrangements, e.g. identifying the communication as a video-communication, intermediate storage of the signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/18523—Satellite systems for providing broadcast service to terrestrial stations, i.e. broadcast satellite service
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/14—Systems for two-way working
- H04N7/15—Conference systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/20—Adaptations for transmission via a GHz frequency band, e.g. via satellite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18517—Transmission equipment in earth stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/14—Systems for two-way working
- H04N7/141—Systems for two-way working between two video terminals, e.g. videophone
- H04N7/142—Constructional details of the terminal equipment, e.g. arrangements of the camera and the display
- H04N2007/145—Handheld terminals
Definitions
- Figure IC shows microwave signals uplinked form either earth station 14 or governmental earth station 40 to satellite 20 which in turn must be downlinked (due to the location of satellite 20) to a first earth station 50 located, for example, in Europe.
- First earth station 50 must in turn uplink to a second satellite 20' which in turn downlinks to television station 28.
- the protocol of each link must be complied with. This creates an even greater burden on the news team.
- Vehicle 10 In these cases, it would be desirable to be able to communicate immediately and in real time to a hospital with specialists in the desired fields.
- Vehicle 10 must, as discussed above, be set up and transmission times must be prearranged before communications can be established between vehicle 10 and a hospital with a receiving satellite dish 24 and necessary television equipment. Consequently, station 14 simply cannot provide medical services such as those discussed above.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus which is readily compatible with digital networks such as ACUNET.
- Another advantage of the invention is that it transmits high quality television pictures even with the presence of small to medium motion in the pictures.
- Another advantage of the invention is that the housing prevents moisture from reaching components of the communications system.
- Another advantage of the invention is that the housing allows individual components of the communications system to be arranged in such a way that they can be easily replaced.
- Another advantage of the invention is that it transmits news clips inexpensively.
- Another advantage of the invention is that it provides transmission and reception of audio/video information on a dial- up basis.
- Another advantage of the system is that it is capable of withstanding several G's of shock while moving and still operate properly. Another advantage of the invention is that it accepts scrambling devices.
- the panels are attached to the flexible plate using a screw with a rubber stopper which additionally absorbs forces between the panel and the flexible plate.
- a rubber stopper which additionally absorbs forces between the panel and the flexible plate.
- Another feature of the invention is that it utilizes an 0- ring along the edges of the suitcase in order to insure that moisture cannot reach individual components of the communications system while the housing is closed.
- Another feature of the invention is that a strip of shock absorbing material is sandwiched between the flexible plate and the holding ledge.
- Another feature of the invention is that it uses field time visually lossless digital data compression of an audio/video signal.
- Another feature of the invention is that it includes video editing equipment for editing the audio/video signal before transmission.
- Another advantage of the invention is that the transmission system can easily be converted to a receiving system and vice versa.
- Another feature of the invention is that it compresses digital video information when operating as a transmission system and decompresses digital video information when operating as a receiving system.
- Another feature of the invention is that it provides a hub station which can transmit its video clips at various rates to accommodate various rates of data transfer at various receiving locations. Another feature of the invention is that local stations can selectively choose which news clips they wish to receive.
- Another feature of the invention is that it makes it possible to selectively edit news clips at the local station, if desired.
- Another feature of the invention is that it utilizes a receive signal processor.
- Another feature of the invention is that it utilizes a standard M terminal and antenna array.
- Another feature of the invention is that it can utilize a standard B-type terminal and antenna.
- a portable integrated transmission system including: a transmit interface unit for transforming an analog signal into a digital signal; a transmit signal processing unit for compressing the digital signal into a compressed asynchronous signal; a transmit signal converting unit for converting the compressed asynchronous signal into a compressed synchronous signal; and a microwave transmitting unit for generating a microwave signal and modulating the microwave signal with the compressed synchronous signal to provide a modulated microwave signal and for transmitting the modulated microwave signal.
- a portable integrated teleconference station including: a demodulating unit for receiving and demodulating an analog signal and outputting a first digital signal; an encoding and compressing unit coupled to the demodulating unit for receiving the first digital signal and for encoding and compressing the first digital signal to yield a first compressed encoded signal; a microwave transmitting and receiving unit coupled to the encoding and compressing unit for receiving the first compressed encoded signal, for generating a first microwave signal, for modulating the first microwave signal according to the first compressed encoded signal to provide a first modulated microwave signal and for outputting the first modulated microwave signal, as well as for receiving a second modulated microwave signal which has been modulated with a second compressed encoded signal; a satellite modem demodulating unit coupled to the microwave transmitting and receiving unit for receiving and demodulating the second modulated microwave signal to yield the second compressed encoded signal; and a decoding and decompressing unit coupled to the satellite modem demodulating
- a method of transmitting and receiving information including the steps of: compressing a digital signal containing the information into a compressed asynchronous signal using a first processor; converting the compressed asynchronous signal into a compressed synchronous signal; generating a microwave signal and modulating the microwave signal with the compressed synchronous signal to provide a first modulated microwave signal using a microwave transmitter; transmitting the first modulated microwave signal with the microwave transmitter; receiving a second modulated microwave signal which has been modulated with the compressed synchronous signal at a microwave receiver; demodulating the second modulated microwave signal yielding the compressed synchronous signal; converting the compressed synchronous signal into the compressed asynchronous signal; and decompressing the compressed asynchronous signal into the digital signal using a second processor; and outputting the digital signal containing the information.
- an information distribution system for a digital network which includes: a master communications unit coupled to the digital network for establishing communications with the network in order to receive a synchronous digital signal from the network.
- the system also provides for a plurality of communications units coupled to the distribution amplifier unit for establishing communications with a plurality of receiving stations and for receiving and outputting a respective one of the plurality of synchronous signals to the plurality of receiving stations.
- the system further includes a master controller unit coupled to the plurality of communications units for controlling the plurality of communications units from a central location.
- an L band microwave system comprising: an L band microwave subsystem for transmitting first local microwave signals modulated with first local digital data and for receiving first remote microwave signals modulated with first remote digital data; and a high speed digital station coupled.to the L band microwave subsystem, for receiving a video signal and for transforming, editing and compressing the video signal into the first local digital data and for decompressing, editing and transforming the first remote digital data into first decompressed remote digital data.
- an L band microwave system comprising: a power generator; a standard A subsystem coupled to the power generator, including: an antenna assembly for transmitting A band local microwave signals and for receiving A band remote microwave signals; and a standard A antenna terminal coupled to the standard A antenna assembly for receiving, demodulating and processing the A band remote microwave signals to yield first remote digital signals, and for processing first local digital signals to generate the A band local microwave signals and for controlling the antenna assembly in accordance with GPS data; a standard M subsystem coupled to the power generator, including: an array antenna for transmitting M band local microwave signals and for receiving M band remote microwave signals; and a standard M array antenna terminal coupled to the array antenna for receiving, demodulating and processing the M band remote microwave signals to yield second remote digital signals, for processing second local digital signals to generate the M band local microwave signals and for controlling the array antenna in accordance with the GPS data; a high speed digital station coupled to the A band subsystem, the standard M subsystem and the power generator, including: a signal converter for
- Figure 11A shows a digital information distribution system according to one embodiment of the invention
- Figure 11B shows a transmission system which can be used to transmit video clips from remote locations
- Figure 11C shows backup units which include a signal converter and a receive signal processor.
- Figures 13A and 13B show a rear and a front view, respectively, of a distribution amplifier/equalizer in the digital information distribution system.
- Figure 15 shows an on-demand video news distribution system according to another embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 17 shows a somewhat more detailed diagram of the global satellite communication vehicle.
- Figure 18 shows various equipment and how they are interconnected in the communications vehicle shown in Figure 17.
- Figure 25 shows a close-up view of how the lid rests on the bottom portion of the housing.
- Transmission system 410 includes an interface unit 430 which receives an analog audio signal and an analog video signal which will be referred to here as an analog audio/video signal and transforms the video portion of the analog audio/video signal into a digital red, green, blue (RGB) signal.
- the audio/video signal can come from a camera or a video tape recorder (VTR) neither of which is shown in the figure.
- Interface unit 430 demodulates the audio/video signal which is either NTSC, PAL, or SECAM signal and outputs the digital RGB signal.
- the digital RGB signal output from interface unit 430 is then received by a transmit signal processor 440 which compresses the digital RGB signal into an asynchronous compressed signal and stores that asynchronous compressed signal on a hard disk 440A.
- FIGS 4A and 4B show a transmission system and digital receiving system 500 according to another embodiment of the invention. Those elements in system 500 which are also used in transmission and receiving system 400 will be given the same reference numerals.
- Transmission system 410 is identical to system 410 in system 400 of Figure 3A. However, instead of receiving microwave signals from satellite 20 via microwave receiver 470 as in Figure 3A, a digital receiving system 510 receives digital data from a digital high speed data (DHSD) link 514 available from a phone company.
- Receiving system 510 includes a signal converter 550R followed by receive signal processor 460.
- Signal converter 550R includes level translation unit 558R followed by protocol converter 454R.
- the microwave signal modulated with compressed digital data is received by a satellite dish (here considered to be part of DHSD link 514) and in turn demodulated to yield a demodulated high speed digital (HSD) signal on DHSD line 516.
- DHSD link 514 includes satellite, fiber optic and hard wire links.
- Signal converter 550R receives the digital signal at level translation unit 558R which translates its voltage level for transmission on serial line 456R as a synchronous compressed signal.
- Protocol converter 454R receives and transforms the synchronous compressed signal into an asynchronous, compressed signal for transmission on bus 446.
- First and second microwave transmitter/receivers 660F and 660S include L-band microwave generators 660FA and 660SA, satellite dishes 660FB and 660SB and microwave modulator 660FC and 660SC, respectively.
- First and second demodulation/converting units 630F and 630S include first and second video demodulation units 631F and 631S, first and second encoding units 633F and 633S and first and second scan down converters 635F and 635S, respectively.
- first and second signal processing units 640F and 640S include first and second encoding/compression units 641F and 641S, as well as first and second decoding/decompression units 643F and 643S, respectively.
- Second satellite modem 650S monitors second transmitter/receiver 660S to insure that the signal output from second microwave transmitter/receiver 660S is the same as the first compressed, encoded signal which was earlier output from first signal processing unit 640F.
- Second transmitter/receiver 660S outputs the first compressed, encoded signal to second decoding/decompression unit 643S in second signal processing unit 640S.
- Second decoding/decompression unit 643S demodulates and decompresses the first encoded, compressed signal into the first digital signal which is the same as the first digital signal output from first demodulation/converting unit 630F in first teleconference station 610F.
- Second video demodulation unit 631S then demodulates and digitizes the second analog audio/video signal and outputs a resulting second digital signal.
- the second digital signal is then input to second encoding/compression unit 641S of second signal processing unit 640S.
- Second encoding/compression unit 641S in turn encodes and compresses the second digital signal and outputs a second compressed, encoded signal.
- the second compressed, encoded signal is then received by second microwave transmitter/receiver 660S, which in turn modulates a second microwave signal with the second compressed, encoded signal and transmits a resulting second modulated microwave signal to satellite 20.
- HSD teleconference station 720 is connected to a digital high speed data (DHSD) link 714 via two HSD lines 716A and 716B.
- HSD teleconference station 720 includes a second demodulation/converting unit 730S and a second signal processing unit 740S.
- Second demodulation/converting unit 730S includes a second video demodulation unit 73IS, second encoding unit 733S and second scan down converter 735S.
- Second signal processing unit 740S includes second encoding/compression unit 741S and second decoding/decompression unit 743S.
- Satellite 20 downlinks a downlink microwave signal with the first encoded compressed signal modulated thereon to DHSD link 714 which receives and demodulates it and outputs the first compressed, encoded signal as a first demodulated high speed digital (HSD) signal on DHSD line 716B.
- HSD teleconference station 720 then receives the first HSD signal and eventually outputs an analog RGB signal to second studio monitor 770S or outputs an audio/video signal to a television (not shown) in a manner identical to second two-way digital video processor 645S.
- Figure 8 shows a high speed (128 kbps) teleconference system 800 which includes a first high speed teleconference station 810F and a second high speed teleconference station 810S.
- First high speed teleconference station 810F has a first interface unit 830F, a first decoding/decompression unit 841F, a first encoding/compressing unit 843F, a first multiplexer 851F, two first protocol converters 855FA and 855FB, two first satellite modem (demodulators) 850FA and 850FB, two first microwave transmitter/receivers 860FA and 860FB, a first microwave combiner/splitter 863F and a first microwave dish 870F.
- first interface unit 830F a first decoding/decompression unit 841F, a first encoding/compressing unit 843F, a first multiplexer 851F, two first protocol converters 855FA and 855FB, two first satellite modem (demodulators) 850FA and 850FB, two first microwave transmitter/receivers 860FA and 860FB, a first microwave combiner/splitter 863F and a first microwave dish 870F.
- Teleconference system 800 operates as follows.
- First high speed teleconference station 810F operates as both a transmitting and receiving station.
- first high speed teleconference station 810F receives a first audio/video signal from a camera (not shown) at a first interface unit 830F which digitizes that signal to yield a first digital signal.
- First signal encoding/compression unit 843F receives the first digital signal and encodes and compresses it to yield a first compressed encoded signal which is asynchronous.
- First multiplexer 85IF (used in reverse and hence serving as a demultiplexer) receives the first compressed encoded signal and splits it into first compressed encoded signals A and B which in turn are received by first protocol converters 855FA and 855FB, respectively.
- First protocol converters 855FA and 855FB in turn output second compressed encoded signals A and B which are combined by first multiplexer 851F to yield a second compressed encoded signal.
- First decoding/decompression unit 841F decompresses and decodes the second compressed encoded signal and outputs a second audio/video signal which can be viewed on a television monitor (not shown).
- Second high speed teleconference station 810S operates in an analogous manner when receiving the first modulated microwave signal A/B from first high speed teleconference station 810F.
- Figure 9 shows a high speed teleconference system 900 with a high speed teleconference station 910 which is analogous to first high speed teleconference station 810F as in Figure 8 but with a second high speed teleconference station 920 according to another embodiment of the invention.
- high speed teleconference station 910 is the same as first high speed teleconference station 810F in Figure 8.
- HSD teleconference station 920 has a second interface unit 930S, a second signal decoding/decompression unit 941S, a second signal encoding/compression unit 943S, two second protocol converters 955SA and 955SB and CCIT 261 units 925A and 925B.
- a DigitalFilm break out box made by SuperMac can be used to break down composite video to component video i.e., RGB signals, and consequently can serve as video demodulation units 63IF, 63IS, 73IF and 73IS.
- An Emotia converter can be used to down convert from high frequency computer display domain to analog studio RGB domain and consequently can serve as scan down converters 464, 635F, 635S, 735F and 735S.
- An NTL encoder takes an RGB computer domain signal and converts to lowest common denominator monitoring and/or recording, i.e., composite video, and consequently can serve as encoding units 633F, 633S, 733F and 733S.
- Motion J-PEG or AM-PEG compression chips by C-Cubed used with a SuperMac and Macintosh hardware/software package and a 2 Gigabyte dual array hard disk drive provides visually. lossless high compression ratios for unmanaged full motion video and consequently can serve as transmit signal processor 440 and receive signal processor 460.
- AM-PEG As data enters from the computer domain to the rf communication architecture in the real world, the status of the data must be changed from asynchronous data to synchronous data and the electrical properties of connector pins associated with the transport of the signal must be changed accordingly.
- AM-PEG and J-PEG compression require level translation.
- J-PEG also requires state conversion of data between asynchronous and synchronous conversion, whereas AM-PEG data although asynchronous, is easily modified to become synchronous.
- TCS-9700 by Mobile Telesystems, Inc. in its full duplex high speed data configuration can serve as microwave transmitter 460T, microwave receiver 470, microwave transmitter/receivers 660F, 660S, 760S, 860FA, 860FB, 860SA, 860SB.
- the TCS-9700 includes a transmit modem for modulating a microwave signal to provide an uplink data stream.
- COMSAT owns and operates earth stations for international L-Band based satellite communications and Inmarsat owns and operates a string of satellites circling the earth which provides on demand high speed data channels for registered users. These channels are charged to a user on a time basis much like telephone lines for telephones.
- COMSAT and Inmarsat provide a duplex high speed data microwave channel which requires a demodulator to effectuate a handshake and quality control (feedback).
- a Comstream Model 701 satellite modem completes the duplex architecture by acting as a demodulator and consequently can serve as satellite modems 459, 472, 650F, 650S, 750F, 850FA, 850FB, 850SA, 850SB, 950FA and 950FB.
- a Compression Labs Inc. (CLI) device model Eclipse compresses and decompresses low and medium motion managed video with motion interpolation buffering to give a naturalness to motion and speech indistinguishable from real life and consequently can serve as CCIT units 925A, 925B. This results in a "soft" picture which can be "sharpened” or enhanced by line doubling.
- National Transcommunications Labs PAL/NTSC to HDTV Converter provides line doubling to create added detail and consequently can serve as line doubling and enhancer. The signal output from line doubling and enhancer can be passed on to a multi-scan (high density television capable) monitor.
- Figure 10A shows a suitcase 1001 having a length L, width W and height H for housing any one of the embodiments described above and Figure 10B shows suitcase 1001 with an opened fabric microwave umbrella dish 1002.
- Figure 10A shows suitcase 1001 having a bottom portion 1004, a lid 1006 and a handle 1008.
- the length L, width W and height H of suitcase 1001 housing the above embodiments has been made smaller than 25 by 24.5 and 16 inches, respectively.
- Suitcase 1001 is light enough that a person of average strength can easily carry it by handle 1008. That is, all of the above embodiments can be housed in suitcase 1001 and consequently are portable.
- FIG 10B shows suitcase 1001 with opened umbrella dish 1002.
- Microwave umbrella dish 1002 has a diameter of about 1.2 meters when opened.
- Figure 10B shows umbrella dish 1008 to be slanted at an elevation angle E and ready to transmit and/or receive microwave signals.
- FIG 11A shows a digital network 100 having a digital information distribution system 104 according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Digital information distribution system 104 includes a hub receiver 106 having a master CSU/DSU 108, a distribution amplifier/equalizer 112 and a plurality of CSU/DSUs 116.
- CSU/DSUs are communications units which perform hand-shaking functions to initiate communications between synchronous digital equipment.
- a CSU/DSU unit is a CSU/DSU model 1056S from Integrated Network Corporation (I.N.C.).
- Digital information distribution system 104 further includes a master controller 126 having a master controller display 128 and a master controller keypad 132. Master controller 126 is connected to the plurality of CSU/DSUs 116 via one or more RS-232 lines 135. Digital information distribution system 104 also includes a first backup unit 134 having a first backup hard disk 134a and a second backup unit 136 having a second backup hard disk 136a. Backup unit 134 is connected to hub receiver 106 via RS-232 line 138. Second backup unit 136 is connected to first backup unit 134 via RS-232 line 139. Digital information distribution system 104 also has a recorder 144 connected to hub receiver 106 via RS-232 line 146. Digital information distribution system 104 operates as follows.
- a suitcase transmission unit 150 gathers a video clip, compresses that clip and then transmits or uplinks that clip to a satellite system 160 which may include one or more satellites and one or more earth stations. Satellite system 160 eventually downlinks the compressed video news clip to an earth station 164 which is coupled to a land network 170 such as ACUNET. Land network 170 can include microwave links, hard wire links and optical fiber links. Land network 170 is a synchronous digital system and consequently is coupled to hub receiver 106, and in particular, to master CSU/DSU 108 via a V.35 pin input 174 which receives line 176. Synchronous (V.35) line 178 interconnects master CSU/DSU 108 to distribution amplifier/equalizer 112.
- V.35 Synchronous
- Digital network 100 transmits digital information corresponding to a news clip from a camera (not shown) which can serve as a news clip for television and other audio/video media. Alternatively, the digital information can serve as a series of still photographs for printed media.
- Each of the plurality of CSU/DSUs 116 is coupled into land network 170 (redrawn at the bottom of Figure 11A) via lines 172 which in turn are coupled to receiving stations 184.
- land network 170 (redrawn at the bottom of Figure 11A)
- lines 172 which in turn are coupled to receiving stations 184.
- remote suitcases 188 can be used as receiving stations as described above.
- First and second backup units 134 and 136 function as a digital receiving system similar to digital receiving system 510 as discussed above and shown in Figure 4A.
- backup units 134 and 136 include a signal converter 550R followed by a receive signal processor 460.
- Signal converter 550R includes level translation unit 558R followed by a receive signal processor 460.
- Signal converter 550R is followed by protocol converter 454R.
- a high speed digital (HSD) signal is received on line 516' by signal converter 550R.
- Level translation unit 558R in turn translates the voltage level of that high speed digital signal for transmission on serial line 456R as a synchronous compressed signal.
- Protocol converter ' 454R then receives and transforms this synchronous compressed signal into an asynchronous, compressed signal for transmission on a bus 446 to receive signal processor 460.
- Receive signal processor 460 decompresses this asynchronous, compressed signal on hard disk 460A'. If the decompression of the asynchronous compressed signal received by signal processor 460 is the inverse of the compression which the digital clip underwent at transmission unit 150, receive signal processor 460 outputs a digital signal corresponding to the news clip output from the camera at transmission unit 150.
- Master controller 126 is coupled to the plurality of CSU/DSUs 116 via RS-232 line 220.
- RS-232 line 220 can be a bundle of individual RS-232 lines, wherein each line is connected to a different CSU/DSU, or each of the plurality of CSU/DSUs 116 can have a unique, address, in which case line 220 can be a single RS-232 line.
- Distribution amplifier/equalizer 112 also has an input 242 for receiving a backup signal via RS-232 line 239 from backup unit 134 or backup unit 136. This backup signal is received by backup unit 134 or backup unit 136 at the same time it is transmitted out of distribution amplifier/equalizer 112 to CSU/DSUs 116.
- FIGS 13A and 13B show a rear and a front view, respectively, of distribution amplifier/equalizer 112.
- Distribution amplifier/equalizer 112 has a housing 304 ( Figure 13B) with a rear panel 310 and a plurality of outputs 316 coupled to the plurality of CSU/DSUs 116 via lines 117.
- Figure 13B shows that distribution amplifier/equalizer 112 has a display 324 and a keypad 328 for manually controlling which particular lines 117 and consequently which particular CSU/DSU of the plurality of CSU/DSUs 116 are activated.
- FIG 14 shows master controller 126 connected to the plurality of CSU/DSUs 116 via RS-232 lines 220.
- a separate RS-232 line is connected to a respective CSU/DSU.
- a single RS-232 line can be connected to the plurality of CSU/DSUs 116, if CSU/DSUs 116 are separately addressable.
- an operator sends commands to the CSU/DSU 116 by entering commands into master controller 126 using keypad 132 and then master controller 126 in turn sends these commands along the appropriate RS-232 line 220.
- a particular CSU/DSU 116 can send information back to master controller 126 along the appropriate RS-232 line 220.
- FIG 15 shows an on-demand video news distribution system 500' according to another embodiment of the invention.
- System 500' includes a video menu unit 504' coupled to a telephone line unit 508 (corresponding to distribution amplifier/equalizer 112 in Figures 11A and 12) via line 512'.
- Telephone line unit 508 has a plurality of output lines 514' which in turn are coupled to a plurality of menu CSU/DSU units 516'.
- This plurality of menu CSU/DSU units are in turn coupled to network 520 (corresponding to land unit 170 of Figure 11A) via menu lines 524.
- Video news distribution system 500' operates as follows. Users at television stations or a newspaper or magazine printing houses 550A-550C dials the telephone number of video menu unit 504' using computers 555A-555C (such as a personal computer with a modem), respectively, which establish communications with menu unit 504'. A connected user can then view a menu listing the various clips and/or still photographs available on units 525A- 525H. If the user wishes to obtain a particular clip, he or she simply enters a command to menu unit 504' which in turn sends a "request-to-send" command to the appropriate video storing unit 525A-525H.
- computers 555A-555C such as a personal computer with a modem
- the video storing unit with that video clip or photograph then sends the video clip (photograph) via its corresponding distribution amplifier/equalizers 531A-531H via one of the corresponding CSU/DSU units 535A-535H.
- the video clip photograph
- the user sends a command to menu unit 504' via one of the menu CSU/DSUs 516' and menu amplifier/equalizer 508.
- Menu unit 504' then sends a command to unit 527A via bus 526, to send that particular clip to computer 555A via amplifier/equalizer 531A.
- unit 525A uses the CSU/DSU 535A which is not being used.
- FIG 16A shows a vehicle 300 with a communications system 301 which includes signal processor 303V according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Top portion 300a of vehicle 300 is built of fiber glass or other material that passes microwaves whereas bottom portion 300b need not. Alternatively, top portion can be made to open thereby allowing microwave transmission from vehicle 300.
- Vehicle 300 can have bullet proof panels 302' built into sides 300c.
- Vehicle 300, communications system 301 and signal processor 303V make up global satellite communications vehicle 305.
- Communications system 301 is visible here only because vehicle 300 has been cut open in Figure 16A. Typically, however, communications system 301 will not be visible from outside of vehicle 300.
- Communications between remote digital suitcase 307R1 can be achieved in one or more of the following manners.
- Communications system 301 can transmit and receive via link VSL to satellite 309 and then via satellite link 1 (SLl) to remote digital suitcase system 307R1.
- communications system 301 can transmit and receive information via vehicle mobile phone link VMPL to mobile phone satellite 311 and then to and from remote digital suitcase system 307R1 via mobile phone link 1 (MPL1).
- Communications system 301 can also transmit and receive via links L1-L3 to or from remote digital suitcase systems 307R1-307R3, respectively.
- Links L1-L3 can be wide band microwave links or wide band optical links. Hence, links L1-L3 can transmit and receive high quality broadcast audio/video information. Satellite links SL1- SL3 and VSL can be L band satellite communication links. Consequently, high quality (broadcast quality) audio/video information as well as any other type of information can be transmitted to and from communications system 301 as well as remote digital suitcase systems 307R1-307R3.
- the remaining mobile phone links, i.e., MPL1-MPL3 as well as VMPL are narrower bandwidth lengths which can transmit and receive audio information.
- Figure 16B also shows a second global satellite communications vehicle 305' with a vehicle 300', communications system 301' and digital stations 303V corresponding to those of vehicle 305.
- Second global satellite communications vehicle 305' has a second vehicle satellite link (VSL') which provides a communications link with satellite 309.
- VSL' vehicle satellite link
- global satellite communications vehicle 305 can communicate with second global satellite communications vehicle 305' via satellite links VSL and VSL', and vice versa.
- remote digital suitcase systems 307R1-307R3 can communicate with second global satellite communications vehicle 305' via satellite links SL1-SL3, respectively, and satellite link VSL' without ever transmitting to global satellite communications vehicle 305.
- Global satellite communications vehicle 305 as well as remote digital suitcase systems 307R1-307R3 can also communicate with similarly equipped vehicles or an earth station 313 via an earth station satellite link (ESSL).
- Earth station 313 can further have a digital high speed data (DHSD) link 317 to a building 319 which has a signal processor 303B or a high speed digital station (such as digital station 510 to be discussed below) via DHSD link 317. Consequently, high quality audio/video information can be transmitted between communications system 301 and: 1) remote digital suitcase systems 307R1-307R3; 2) second global satellite communications vehicle 305'; 3) earth station 313; ' and 4) signal processor 303B.
- remote digital suitcase systems 307R1-307R3 can communicate with: 1) each other; 2) second global satellite communications vehicle 305'; 3) earth station 313; and 4) signal processor 303B.
- Communications vehicle 305 also has a tracking dish 1512 which transmits and receives information to and from satellite 309 using standard A communications.
- an antenna array 1516 transmits and receives information to and from satellite 309 via a standard M link or a standard B link (once it becomes available). This and other equipment will be discussed in more detail below. First, however, transportable suitcase 510R1 will be discussed in more detail.
- Transmitter/receiver 1530 is coupled to a plurality of sensors such as sensor A 1530A, sensor B 1530B and sensor C 1530C which are electrically coupled via 1532A, 1532B and 1532C, respectively, to microwave transmitter/receiver 1530.
- Information acquired by any one of sensors 1530A-1530C is transmitted from transmitter/receiver 1530 to antenna 1517.
- information desired to be sent from communications vehicle 305 to transportable suitcase 510R1 is sent from antenna array 1516 via link LI to transmitter/receiver 1530 which in turn outputs the demodulated signal to one of sensors 1530A-1530C.
- Sensor 1530A can be a video camera which acquires video information in the location of transportable suitcase 510R1 and sends that information to transmitter/receiver 1530.
- transportable suitcase 510R1 includes a digital signal processor 510 as discussed above, the video information acquired by sensor 1530A can be digitized and compressed before it is sent to antenna array* 1516 via transmitter/receiver 1530.
- Other examples of sensors which acquire information at the location of transportable suitcase 510R1 include any sort of medical sensing equipment.
- sensors 1530A-1530C can also operate as information receiving equipment which receives information from communications vehicle 305.
- sensor 1530C could be a pair of high density liquid crystal display goggles which can be worn by an individual while working at the remote location of transportable suitcase 510R1.
- tracking dish 1512 and antenna array 1516 are shown in Figure 17. Namely, tracking dish 1512 and antenna array 1516 as discussed above. These two systems utilize information received from transmitter/receiver 1508 (recall that transmitter/receiver 1508 includes a GPS receiver as well as an Inmarsat C transmitter/receiver) to ensure tracking with satellite 309. The interrelationship between various components some shown and some not shown in communications vehicle .305 will be discussed with reference to Figure 18.
- High speed digital station 303V is also connected to standard M or B terminal and RF generator 1614 via cable 1616.
- Standard M or B terminal and RF generator 1614 in turn is coupled to standard M or B array antenna 1516 via microwave guide 1618.
- Digital information is received from high speed digital station 303V * via cable 1616 by standard M or B terminal 1614 and processed to yield microwave signals which in turn are transmitted via microwave guide 1618 to array antenna 1516 and then out to satellite 309.
- An example of a standard M antenna terminal and RF generator is Inmarsat M or TerraStar-M, and a standard B antenna terminal and RF generator is the Satphone Model SP 1600.
- Transmitter/receiver system 1508 is also coupled to high speed digital station 303V via cables 1624 (lines 1624a and 1624b).
- GPS antenna 1504a receives GPS signals through line 1628a to GPS receiver 1508a which processes the GPS signals and outputs GPS digital information to high speed digital station 303V.
- Inmarsat standard C transmitter/receiver 1508b is coupled to high speed digital station 303V via cable 1624b and antenna 1504b is coupled to standard C transmitter/receiver 1508b.
- Standard C transmitter/receiver 1508b can receive information via standard C antenna 1504b and cable 1628b from any Inmarsat C equipped station.
- Standard C transmitter/receiver 1508b can then transmit the GPS information to any Inmarsat C equipped station which forwards this information to an end user by the local telephone company.
- a TransVideo Electronics (TVE) patch system such as the patch system described above can be used to patch the standard C transmitter/receiver to the end user.
- Standard A antenna terminal 1604 as well as standard M or B terminal 1614 can maintain satellite communications with satellite 309.
- station 303V can also process this GPS information and output commands to standard A antenna terminal 1604 as well as standard M or B terminal 1614 to enable both terminals to adjust their respective antennas as vehicle 300 moves from location to location.
- An example GPS receiver with a standard C transmitter/receiver i.e., system 1504 is Global-C MDT-6000 by Mobile Telesystems which is a global C standard system with a GPS option.
- High speed digital station 303V is further coupled to microwave antenna control and RF generator 1630 via cable 1632.
- Microwave antenna control and RF generator 1630 in turn is coupled to microwave antenna 1517 via microwave guide 1634.
- Video or any other sensor information is received from transportable suitcase 510R1 via link LI by microwave antenna 1517 and then transmitted through wave guide 1634 to microwave antenna control and RF generator 1630 which demodulates that information and transmits resulting digital information via cable 1632 to high speed digital station 303V.
- digital video information from high speed digital station 303V can be transmitted via cable 1632 to microwave antenna control and RF generator 1630 which in turn outputs microwave on microwave guide 1634 to microwave antenna 1517 and microwave antenna 1517 in turn transmits microwave information via link LI to transportable suitcase 510R1.
- This digital information can be received from first equipment 1640A or second equipment 1640B or third equipment 1640C which output digital signals on bus 1644 to high speed digital station 303V.
- video information can be output from camera 1648 to bus 1644 and then to digital station 303V.
- Digital information output from equipment 1640A-1640C or from camera 1648 onto bus 1644 can be received by digital station 303V and in turn transmitted from digital station 303V to satellite 309 via one of standard antenna terminal and RF generator 1604 and a standard M or B terminal and RF generator 1614 as discussed above.
- any such digital information is compressed in high speed digital station 303V before being output to satellite 309 in a manner analogous to that discussed above as will be shown with reference to Figure 19 below.
- FIG 19 shows a more detailed block diagram of high speed digital station 303V and its relation to standard M/B subsystem 1702 comprised of antenna array 1516 and antenna array terminal 1614, as well as standard A subsystem 1704 comprising antenna 1512 and antenna terminal 1604.
- a video receiver and display 1710 is coupled to high speed digital station 303V which is comprised of a signal converter similar to signal converter 450T as well as a receive signal processor 460.
- High speed digital station 303V interacts with standard A subsystem 1704, standard M/B subsystem 1702 and GPS receiver controller 1508 as follows. Remote A microwave signals are received from a satellite (satellite 309 of Figure 16B) by standard A subsystem 1704 and in particular antenna 1512.
- Standard A subsystem 1704 receives remote A microwave signals and transforms them into first remote digital signals (or data) which are output to high speed digital station 303V.
- Signal converter 450T then converts first remote digital signals (or data) to first asynchronous compressed remote digital signals (or data) and outputs those signals to receive signal processor 460.
- Receive signal processor 460 then decompresses the first asynchronous compressed remote digital signals (or data) and outputs first decompressed remote digital data to video receiver and display 1710 for display.
- Remote M/B microwave signals are processed in a similar manner. Namely, remote M/B microwave signals are received from a satellite (satellite 309 of Figure 16B) and are transformed by standard M/B subsystem 1702 into second remote digital signals (or data).
- High speed digital station 303V receives these second remote digital signals (or data) at converter 450T and the latter converts those signals into second asynchronous compressed remote digital signals (or data) .
- Receive signal processor 460 then receives the second asynchronous compressed remote digital signals (or data) and decompresses them and outputs second decompressed remote digital data to video receiver and display 1710 for display.
- Microwave signals are output from communications system 301 as follows.
- Local information is input to high speed digital station 303V at input 1720.
- this can be information gathered by a video camera which is in vehicle 300 or which is remote to vehicle 300 (one of sensors 1530A-1530C of Figure 17) coupled thereto by microwave link LI.
- High speed digital station 303V includes an analog to digital (A/D) converter 1726 which converts the local information to local digital information.
- This local digital information serves as either first decompressed local digital data or second decompressed local digital data which are eventually sent to satellite 309 by standard A subsystem 1704 or standard M/B subsystem 1702, respectively.
- first decompressed local digital data is received by receive signal processor 460 which compresses that data and outputs first asynchronous compressed local digital data.
- First asynchronous compressed local digital data is then received by signal converter 450T and converted into first local digital signals which are received by standard A subsystem 1704.
- Standard A subsystem 1704 converts the first local digital signals and outputs local A microwave signals to satellite 309.
- second decompressed local digital data is received by receive signal processor 460 and compressed into second asynchronous compressed local digital signals.
- Those second asynchronous compressed local digital signals are in turn received by signal converter 450T and converted into second local digital data.
- Standard M/B subsystem 1704 receives the second local digital data and converts them into local M/B microwave signals which are output to satellite 309.
- microwave signals are compressed and decompressed in high speed digital station 303V and in particular in receive signal processor 460.
- all local microwave signals are signals which are compressed at receive signal processor 460 and will eventually be decompressed at a similar receive signal processor at a remote location.
- remote microwave signals which are received from a receive signal processor in a high speed digital station at a remote location are decompressed by high speed digital station 303V and in particular receive signal processor 460. Consequently, remote microwave signals cannot be decompressed by receive signal processor 460 unless they underwent a corresponding compression at the remote location. Therefore, remote microwave signals cannot be intercepted by either a standard A subsystem or a standard M/B subsystem unless the receiving party knows the decompression algorithm used by the transmitting party. This is even more so the case if the receive signal processor at the remote location utilizes a digital encoding/scrambling algorithm. In such cases, even if the compression and decompression algorithms are known, the remote microwave signals cannot be processed into local digital information until a corresponding decoding and descrambling algorithm is performed on the decompressed digital data.
- Figure 20 shows an alternate approach to coupling sensors 1530A-1530C to array 1517 via link LI.
- Figure 20 shows three separate microwave transmitter/receivers 1830A-1830C for sensors 1530A-1530C, respectively.
- link LI is comprised of three separate links LAI, LB1, and LCI for transmitter receivers 1830A, 1830B and 1830C, respectively.
- sensor 1530A can be a video camera which has a transmitter/receiver 1830A mounted either directly on camera 1530A or elsewhere, such as on a belt worn by an operator of camera 1530A.
- Figure 21A shows a suitcase or housing 700' with a lid 710' and a bottom portion 714' for housing any one of the integrated satellite communications systems discussed above according to one embodiment of the invention and Figure 21B shows housing 700' with lid 710' removed.
- housing 700' has a handle 720' which can be used to carry housing 700' from one location to another.
- Figure 2IB shows equipment or components 724' of communications system 730' housed in housing 700'.
- Communications system 730' can be transmission system 410 or receiving system 420 in Figure 3A, high speed data line receiving system 510 in Figure 4A or either first teleconference station 610F or second teleconference station 610S' of Figure 6A.
- Bottom portion 714' of housing 700' has sides 736'. Each of these sides 736' of bottom portion 714' of housing 700' has a holding ledge (see, e.g., Figure 22B) welded thereto.
- Figure 22A shows plate 750' and Figure 22B shows bottom portion 714' as viewed from above with plate 750' resting on ledge 760'.
- Plate 760' has a top 765T' and a bottom 765B' with edges 770'.
- Plate 760' also has holes 810' which make it possible to secure equipment 724' onto plate 760'.
- plate 750' fits within bottom portion 714'.
- a spacing 820' of approximately a few millimeters to over one inch exists between the interior of sides 736' of bottom portion 714' and edges 770' of plate 750'.
- a part of holding ledge -760' is shown with dashed lines because plate 750' is resting on top of holding ledge 760'.
- Plate 750' can be made of any material which when cut length L width W and thickness T is somewhat flexible. However, it is desirable that plate 750' slightly bend due to the weight of equipment 724', as shown in Figure 23. To achieve this, plate 750' can be made of aluminum 50/51 approximately 30 to 100 mils thick and preferably 70 mils thick.
- Figure 23 shows a view along axis A of Figure 22B with equipment 724' attached thereto. Note that although holding ledge 760' appears as separate pieces in Figure 23, it is actually one ledge that runs along all four sides 736' of bottom portion 714', as shown in Figure 21A. Figure 23 further shows screws 901' which run through plate 750' and an additional rubber strip 905' which rests atop ledge 760'. Plate 750' has slots 908' (see Figure 22B) through which screws 901' pass, thereby allowing plate 750' to flex under the weight of equipment 724'. Screws 901' are secured on the underside of holding ledge 760' by nuts 909'.
- Slots 908' are approximately a few millimeters to over a centimeter in length.
- Rubber strip 905' is approximately a few millimeters to over 3/4 inches in width and about a few millimeters thick up to over about 1 centimeter thick and can be made of a compressible material such as Neoprene.
- Figure 24 shows a close-up view of ledge 760' together with bottom portion 714' of housing 700'. Ledge 760' is welded to side 736' and in particular to a metallic rim 736R'.
- Figure 24 also shows a close-up view of spacing 820' discussed with reference to Figure 22B.
- FIG. 26A shows a basket frame 1202' which is attached to the underside of plate 750' at locations 1208'. Although bottom portion 714' is not shown in 26A, frame 1202' does not come into contact with bottom portion 714'. That is, spacing 820' ( Figure 22B) exists between sides 736' of bottom portion 714' and frame 1202'. Frame 1202' has corner supports 1214', bottom supports 1218' and top supports 1222'.
- Rubber cushions 1246' provide additional shock absorbing capability between plate 750' and frame 1214' and consequently between components 1240' and bottom portion 714' of housing 700'.
- Figure 26B shows frame 1214' as viewed from the side without side panels 1218'.
- Components 1260' which require even further isolation from external forces to housing 700' are secured to perforated bottom panel 1234' with their own rubber cylinders 1264'.
- Component 1260' can be for example a hard disk drive which requires significant protection from external forces.
- Component 1260' is secured to perforated bottom panel 1234' with screws 1270' which pass through panel holes 1238' cushioned by rubber cylinders 1264'. Consequently, components 1260' have the most isolation from shock or external forces incident on housing 700' .
- components have a first level of isolation when they are attached directly to plate 750' which is isolated from lid 710' and from sides 736' and bottom portion 714' by spacing 820' and which rests on holding ledge 760' having cushioned strip 905' .
- a next level of isolation is achieved by attaching components to plate 750' with the addition of a rubber cylinder 933'.
- An even higher level of isolation is achieved when components are attached to frame 1214' which itself is isolated from plate 750' via rubber cushions 1246'.
- the highest level of isolation is achieved by attaching the most sensitive components (such as hard disk drives) to perforated bottom panel 1234' and isolating those components from bottom panel 1234' using rubber stops 1264'.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP94928678A EP0738440A4 (en) | 1993-04-16 | 1994-04-12 | Global video communications systems |
AU67019/94A AU6701994A (en) | 1993-04-16 | 1994-04-12 | Global video communications systems |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US4708993A | 1993-04-16 | 1993-04-16 | |
US08/047,089 | 1993-04-16 | ||
US08/085,389 US5373236A (en) | 1993-07-01 | 1993-07-01 | Highly accurate zero crossings for frequency determination |
US08/085,329 | 1993-07-02 | ||
US08/215,770 | 1994-03-21 | ||
US08/215,770 US6175717B1 (en) | 1993-04-16 | 1994-03-21 | Global mobile video communications system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994024773A1 true WO1994024773A1 (en) | 1994-10-27 |
Family
ID=27367049
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1994/003899 WO1994024773A1 (en) | 1993-04-16 | 1994-04-12 | Global video communications systems |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU6701994A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994024773A1 (en) |
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WO2001003438A2 (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2001-01-11 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Ofnew York | Mobile and hand-held broadcast video earth station terminals and methods for communicating with earth terminals via satellites |
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US7921442B2 (en) | 2000-08-16 | 2011-04-05 | The Boeing Company | Method and apparatus for simultaneous live television and data services using single beam antennas |
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