WO1998026869A1 - Nickel/ruthenium catalyst and method for aqueous phase reactions - Google Patents
Nickel/ruthenium catalyst and method for aqueous phase reactions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998026869A1 WO1998026869A1 PCT/US1997/024176 US9724176W WO9826869A1 WO 1998026869 A1 WO1998026869 A1 WO 1998026869A1 US 9724176 W US9724176 W US 9724176W WO 9826869 A1 WO9826869 A1 WO 9826869A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- recited
- metal
- amount
- phase
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/323—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/892—Nickel and noble metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/323—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/326—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents characterised by the catalyst
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1052—Nickel or cobalt catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1064—Platinum group metal catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1064—Platinum group metal catalysts
- C01B2203/107—Platinum catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1076—Copper or zinc-based catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1082—Composition of support materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1088—Non-supported catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0983—Additives
- C10J2300/0986—Catalysts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU57273/98A AU727906B2 (en) | 1996-12-19 | 1997-12-18 | Nickel/ruthenium catalyst and method for aqueous phase reactions |
BR9713764-2A BR9713764A (en) | 1996-12-19 | 1997-12-18 | Nickel / ruthenium catalyst and process for feeds in aqueous phase |
CA002275624A CA2275624C (en) | 1996-12-19 | 1997-12-18 | Nickel/ruthenium catalyst and method for aqueous phase reactions |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/775,337 | 1996-12-19 | ||
US08/775,337 US5814112A (en) | 1992-06-05 | 1996-12-19 | Nickel/ruthenium catalyst and method for aqueous phase reactions |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998026869A1 true WO1998026869A1 (en) | 1998-06-25 |
Family
ID=25104089
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1997/024176 WO1998026869A1 (en) | 1996-12-19 | 1997-12-18 | Nickel/ruthenium catalyst and method for aqueous phase reactions |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5814112A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1246077A (en) |
AU (1) | AU727906B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9713764A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2275624C (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998026869A1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006067171A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2006-06-29 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | A process for the hydrogenation of a lactone or of a carboxylic acid or an ester having a gamma-carbonyl group |
WO2010018405A1 (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2010-02-18 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Chemical process and catalyst |
WO2011015643A1 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2011-02-10 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Process for hydrogenation |
WO2012079179A1 (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2012-06-21 | Lakehead University | Methods, systems and catalysts for supercritical water reforming feedstock into methane |
US8580978B2 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2013-11-12 | Shell Oil Company | Process for preparing a hydroxyacid or hydroxyester |
WO2014150384A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-25 | Segetis, Inc. | Method of manufacture of octanedioic acid, precursors, and derivatives |
US9012680B2 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2015-04-21 | Shell Oil Company | Process for preparing an ester |
Families Citing this family (44)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6376113B1 (en) | 1998-11-12 | 2002-04-23 | Idatech, Llc | Integrated fuel cell system |
US6547858B1 (en) | 1999-03-22 | 2003-04-15 | Idatech, Llc | Hydrogen-permeable metal membrane and hydrogen purification assemblies containing the same |
US6537352B2 (en) | 1996-10-30 | 2003-03-25 | Idatech, Llc | Hydrogen purification membranes, components and fuel processing systems containing the same |
US5997594A (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 1999-12-07 | Northwest Power Systems, Llc | Steam reformer with internal hydrogen purification |
US7195663B2 (en) | 1996-10-30 | 2007-03-27 | Idatech, Llc | Hydrogen purification membranes, components and fuel processing systems containing the same |
US6152995A (en) | 1999-03-22 | 2000-11-28 | Idatech Llc | Hydrogen-permeable metal membrane and method for producing the same |
US6783741B2 (en) | 1996-10-30 | 2004-08-31 | Idatech, Llc | Fuel processing system |
US6221117B1 (en) | 1996-10-30 | 2001-04-24 | Idatech, Llc | Hydrogen producing fuel processing system |
US5977013A (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 1999-11-02 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Catalyst and method for aqueous phase reactions |
CA2311329A1 (en) * | 1997-11-27 | 1999-06-10 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Alumina-supported ruthenium catalyst |
KR101516812B1 (en) * | 1998-02-16 | 2015-04-30 | 스미또모 가가꾸 가부시끼가이샤 | Process for producing chlorine |
US6767389B2 (en) * | 1999-03-22 | 2004-07-27 | Idatech, Llc | Hydrogen-selective metal membranes, membrane modules, purification assemblies and methods of forming the same |
US6596057B2 (en) | 1999-03-22 | 2003-07-22 | Idatech, Llc | Hydrogen-selective metal membranes, membrane modules, purification assemblies and methods of forming the same |
US6841512B1 (en) * | 1999-04-12 | 2005-01-11 | Ovonic Battery Company, Inc. | Finely divided metal catalyst and method for making same |
US6570043B2 (en) | 1999-09-03 | 2003-05-27 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Converting sugars to sugar alcohols by aqueous phase catalytic hydrogenation |
US6235797B1 (en) * | 1999-09-03 | 2001-05-22 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Ruthenium on rutile catalyst, catalytic system, and method for aqueous phase hydrogenations |
US6900361B2 (en) | 2001-05-08 | 2005-05-31 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Process for lactose conversion to polyols |
US6699457B2 (en) * | 2001-11-29 | 2004-03-02 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Low-temperature hydrogen production from oxygenated hydrocarbons |
EP1458645A4 (en) * | 2001-11-29 | 2008-07-02 | Wisconsin Alumni Res Found | Low-temperature hydrogen production from oxygenated hydrocarbons |
US6713519B2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2004-03-30 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Carbon nanotube-containing catalysts, methods of making, and reactions catalyzed over nanotube catalysts |
EP1465836A2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2004-10-13 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Structures containing carbon nanotubes and a porous support, methods of making the same, and related uses |
WO2004039918A2 (en) * | 2002-05-10 | 2004-05-13 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Low-temperature hydrocarbon production from oxygenated hydrocarbons |
CN1683293A (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2005-10-19 | 大成多元醇投资有限公司 | Process for producing diatomic alcohol and polyol from cracking sorbierite |
AR053588A1 (en) * | 2005-04-21 | 2007-05-09 | Shell Int Research | HYDROGENATION CATALYST AND HYDROGENATION METHOD |
US7601302B2 (en) | 2005-09-16 | 2009-10-13 | Idatech, Llc | Self-regulating feedstock delivery systems and hydrogen-generating fuel processing assemblies and fuel cell systems incorporating the same |
ES2482791T3 (en) | 2005-09-16 | 2014-08-04 | Dcns Sa | Raw material supply system of self-regulated feed and hydrogen generator fuel processing assembly incorporating the same |
US20070135301A1 (en) * | 2005-12-08 | 2007-06-14 | Sud-Chemie Inc. | Catalyst for the production of polyols by hydrogenolysis of carbohydrates |
BRPI0709821A2 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2011-07-26 | Shell Int Research | process for the hydrogenation of an aldehyde |
US7972420B2 (en) | 2006-05-22 | 2011-07-05 | Idatech, Llc | Hydrogen-processing assemblies and hydrogen-producing systems and fuel cell systems including the same |
US7939051B2 (en) | 2006-05-23 | 2011-05-10 | Idatech, Llc | Hydrogen-producing fuel processing assemblies, heating assemblies, and methods of operating the same |
WO2008122029A1 (en) * | 2007-04-02 | 2008-10-09 | Inventure Chemical, Inc. | Simultaneous esterification and alcohol ysis/hydrolysis of oil-containing materials with cellulosic and peptidic content |
US7943792B2 (en) * | 2007-04-02 | 2011-05-17 | Inventure Chemical Inc. | Production of biodiesel, cellulosic sugars, and peptides from the simultaneous esterification and alcoholysis/hydrolysis of materials with oil-containing substituents including phospholipids and peptidic content |
US8262752B2 (en) | 2007-12-17 | 2012-09-11 | Idatech, Llc | Systems and methods for reliable feedstock delivery at variable delivery rates |
AR072446A1 (en) * | 2008-03-02 | 2010-09-01 | Dow Global Technologies Inc | IMPROVED HYDROGENATION PROCESS |
US7777085B2 (en) * | 2008-10-01 | 2010-08-17 | Inventure Chemical, Inc. | Method for conversion of oil-containing algae to 1,3-propanediol |
ITMI20090481A1 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2010-09-28 | Mariacarla Branca | PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A GAS CONTAINING METHANE FROM CARBONIAL MATERIALS |
WO2010134077A2 (en) * | 2009-05-20 | 2010-11-25 | Yeda Research And Development Co. Ltd. | Catalytic gasification of organic matter in supercritical water |
WO2011113611A2 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2011-09-22 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | Reforming catalyst |
GB2508511B (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2017-02-22 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Bimetallic catalyst |
CA3006508C (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2023-12-05 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Hydrogenation or hydrogenolysis of an oxygenate |
US10476093B2 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2019-11-12 | Chung-Hsin Electric & Machinery Mfg. Corp. | Membrane modules for hydrogen separation and fuel processors and fuel cell systems including the same |
US11712655B2 (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2023-08-01 | H2 Powertech, Llc | Membrane-based hydrogen purifiers |
CN113275562A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-08-20 | 中国科学技术大学 | RuNi alloy nano composite material, preparation method and application thereof |
CN115646487B (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2023-05-23 | 中国矿业大学 | High-activity Ru-M/alpha-Al 2 O 3 Catalyst, preparation method and application thereof |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4104201A (en) * | 1974-09-06 | 1978-08-01 | British Gas Corporation | Catalytic steam reforming and catalysts therefor |
US4239499A (en) * | 1977-11-15 | 1980-12-16 | Engelhard Minerals And Chemicals Corporation | Production of a fuel gas and synthetic natural gas from methanol |
WO1989008613A1 (en) * | 1988-03-15 | 1989-09-21 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Method for catalytic destruction of organic materials |
WO1993025639A1 (en) * | 1992-06-05 | 1993-12-23 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Method for the catalytic conversion of organic materials into a product gas |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1302398B (en) * | 1960-06-08 | 1970-10-15 | ||
FR1573174A (en) * | 1968-04-10 | 1969-07-04 | ||
US3912787A (en) * | 1972-07-26 | 1975-10-14 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Selective partial hydrogenation of aromatics |
US4146741A (en) * | 1977-08-15 | 1979-03-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conversion of furan to 1,4-butanediol and tetrahydrofuran |
US4251394A (en) * | 1978-08-25 | 1981-02-17 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Coprecipitated copper-nickel-silica catalysts, preparation and use thereof |
DE4128834A1 (en) * | 1991-08-30 | 1993-03-04 | Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen | GEAR CHANGE GEARBOX WITH ONE CONTROL UNIT |
US5395813A (en) * | 1993-05-11 | 1995-03-07 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Particulate solids for catalyst supports and heat transfer materials |
-
1996
- 1996-12-19 US US08/775,337 patent/US5814112A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-12-18 BR BR9713764-2A patent/BR9713764A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-12-18 WO PCT/US1997/024176 patent/WO1998026869A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-12-18 AU AU57273/98A patent/AU727906B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-12-18 CA CA002275624A patent/CA2275624C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-18 CN CN97181764A patent/CN1246077A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4104201A (en) * | 1974-09-06 | 1978-08-01 | British Gas Corporation | Catalytic steam reforming and catalysts therefor |
US4239499A (en) * | 1977-11-15 | 1980-12-16 | Engelhard Minerals And Chemicals Corporation | Production of a fuel gas and synthetic natural gas from methanol |
WO1989008613A1 (en) * | 1988-03-15 | 1989-09-21 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Method for catalytic destruction of organic materials |
WO1993025639A1 (en) * | 1992-06-05 | 1993-12-23 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Method for the catalytic conversion of organic materials into a product gas |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006067171A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2006-06-29 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | A process for the hydrogenation of a lactone or of a carboxylic acid or an ester having a gamma-carbonyl group |
US8003818B2 (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2011-08-23 | Shell Oil Company | Process for the hydrogenation of a lactone or of a carboxylic acid or an ester having a gamma-carbonyl group |
WO2010018405A1 (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2010-02-18 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Chemical process and catalyst |
WO2011015643A1 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2011-02-10 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Process for hydrogenation |
US8580978B2 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2013-11-12 | Shell Oil Company | Process for preparing a hydroxyacid or hydroxyester |
US9012680B2 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2015-04-21 | Shell Oil Company | Process for preparing an ester |
WO2012079179A1 (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2012-06-21 | Lakehead University | Methods, systems and catalysts for supercritical water reforming feedstock into methane |
WO2014150384A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-25 | Segetis, Inc. | Method of manufacture of octanedioic acid, precursors, and derivatives |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU727906B2 (en) | 2001-01-04 |
CA2275624C (en) | 2004-05-11 |
AU5727398A (en) | 1998-07-15 |
US5814112A (en) | 1998-09-29 |
CN1246077A (en) | 2000-03-01 |
CA2275624A1 (en) | 1998-06-25 |
BR9713764A (en) | 2000-02-01 |
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