WO1998042082A2 - Method and arrangement for forming an address - Google Patents

Method and arrangement for forming an address Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998042082A2
WO1998042082A2 PCT/FI1998/000225 FI9800225W WO9842082A2 WO 1998042082 A2 WO1998042082 A2 WO 1998042082A2 FI 9800225 W FI9800225 W FI 9800225W WO 9842082 A2 WO9842082 A2 WO 9842082A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
address
corrector
arrangement
base address
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1998/000225
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO1998042082A3 (en
Inventor
Olli Tapio
Original Assignee
Nokia Telecommunications Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Telecommunications Oy filed Critical Nokia Telecommunications Oy
Priority to EP98909524A priority Critical patent/EP0968571B1/en
Priority to AU64028/98A priority patent/AU741822B2/en
Priority to US09/380,701 priority patent/US6799021B1/en
Priority to JP54016798A priority patent/JP2001517391A/en
Priority to DE69840540T priority patent/DE69840540D1/en
Publication of WO1998042082A2 publication Critical patent/WO1998042082A2/en
Publication of WO1998042082A3 publication Critical patent/WO1998042082A3/en
Priority to NO994494A priority patent/NO994494L/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/62—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission for providing a predistortion of the signal in the transmitter and corresponding correction in the receiver, e.g. for improving the signal/noise ratio

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for forming an address, which method is employed in signal predistortion used for compensating for signal distortions by means of corrector coefficients placed in a corrector table, the corrector coefficients being retrieved from the corrector table on the basis of the address.
  • the invention also relates to an arrangement for forming a corrector table address used for signal predistortion which is used for compensating for signal distortions by means of corrector coefficients placed in a corrector table, the corrector coefficients being retrieved from the corrector table on the basis of the address.
  • Linear modulation methods that enable a spectrum to be used efficiently are becoming more common in mobile systems.
  • the linear modulation methods require that the amplifier must be as linear as possible.
  • the power amplifiers in use cause intermodulation distortion to the signal.
  • Intermodulation distortion occurs when the amplifier generates harmonic waves, i.e. new frequencies. More precisely, intermodular distortion occurs when an excitation signal comprises oscillation at different frequencies. In that case, the response comprises a number of signals whose frequencies are sums and differences of the exication frequencies and their multifolds. Distortion in the amplifier can further depend for example on the magnitude of capacitance and inductance in the amplifier.
  • Distortion caused by intermodulation distortion is presented for example by means of a signal state diagram.
  • the signal state diagram can be presented by means of coordinates.
  • the AM- AM distortion causes signal state points to shift closer to the origin.
  • the AM- PM distortion causes the signal state points to move round the origin.
  • US-A-5138144 presents an error compensation method associated with image reading equipment, the method comprising address information calculations.
  • calculating address information is time-based. More precisely, calculating an address is based on a clock pulse.
  • the object of the present invention is to change the address distribution of a corrector table on the basis of the amplitude distribution of an input signal.
  • This object is achieved by the method of the type presented in the introduction, characterized by calculating a base address on the basis of a signal, summing up the signal components of a signal composed of signal components, correcting the calculated base address by an address correction value, calculating a corrector table address on the basis of the base address and the corrected base address.
  • the arrangement of the invention characterized in that the arrangement comprises calculation means that, on the basis of a received signal, calculate a result corresponding to the squaring of the received signal, summing means that, if required, sum up the results corresponding to the squaring, the sum forming a base address, and error correction means that correct the above calculated base address by means of an address correction value.
  • the method of the invention provides many advantages.
  • the method enables a correction table address to be formed without complicated calculations.
  • a base address is formed before forming the actual corrector table address.
  • the actual address is obtained by suitably processing the base address, the actual address then being used as the corrector table address.
  • Processing the base address is carried out by using address correction means that correct the above calculated base address.
  • Processing is carried out by means of address correcting values.
  • the address correcting values arranged to the input signal enable an optimal corrector table address to be formed. The optimal address enables a distortion to be accurately compensated for.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of a transceiver employing digital predistortion
  • Figure 2 illustrates an arrangement used for forming a corrector table address used for digital predistortion.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of a transceiver arrangement using digital predistortion.
  • the arrangement comprises predistortion means 100, calculation means 110 and calculation means 120.
  • two signal components l(t) and Q(t) are introduced to the predistortion means 100.
  • the signal components are also applied to both the calculation means 110 and 120.
  • the calculation means 120 calculate corrector coefficients.
  • the arrangement further comprises means 130 for establishing a corrector table.
  • the corrector table comprises the corrector coefficients calcu- lated by the calculation means 120.
  • the calculation means 110 calculate an address on the basis of the received signal components, the address being used for retrieving the corrector coefficients from the corrector table.
  • the corrector coefficients are applied to the predistortion means 100 that compensate for signal distortions by means of the corrector coefficients.
  • the arrangement further comprises a converter element 131 , a converter element 132, filter means 141 ,142, and an oscillator 150.
  • the converter element 131 is connected to the predistortion means 100 that supply digital signals to the converter element 131.
  • the converter element 132 is connected to the calculation means 120.
  • the converter element 132 receives analogue signals.
  • the converter element 132 converts the received analogue signal into a digital signal that is sent to the calculation means 120.
  • the arrangement further comprises a modulator and a demodulator 161 ,162.
  • the oscillator 150 generates a signal that is applied to the modulator 161 and to the demodulator 162 .
  • the arrangement further comprises an amplifier 171 connected to the modulator 161.
  • the arrangement further comprises an antenna 181 acting as a transceiver antenna in the solution according to the figure.
  • the filter means 141 receive analogue signals arriving from the converter element 131.
  • the filter means 141 low-pass filter the received sig- nal.
  • the signal filtered by the filter means 141 is applied to the modulator 161.
  • a signal generated by an oscillator 151 is modulated by the signal coming from the filter means 141.
  • the modulated signal is applied to the amplifier 171 that amplifies the signal. After the amplification, the signal is sent through the antenna 181 to the radio path.
  • the antenna 181 receives analogue signals from the radio path, the signals upon receiving being applied to the demodulator 162.
  • the signal generated by the oscillator 151 is modulated by the signal coming from the antenna 181.
  • the demodulated signal is applied to the filter means 142 that filter the signal. After filtering, the signal is converted into a digital signal in the converter element 132.
  • Figure 2 shows an arrangement used for forming an address for the corrector coefficients placed in a corrector table.
  • the figure thus presents the structure of the calculation means 110 in more detail.
  • the arrangement comprises calculation means 210, 220, and a summing means 240.
  • the summing means 240 is connected to the calculation means 210, 220.
  • the summing means receives signals from the means 210, 220.
  • the calculation means 210 receives a signal l(t).
  • the calculation means 210 processes the received signal in such a way that the strength of the signal obtained from the output of the calculation means 210 is l 2 (t).
  • the calculation means 220 receives a signal Q(t).
  • the means 220 processes by preferably squaring the received signal in such a way that the strength of the signal obtained from the output of the calculation means 220 is Q 2 (t).
  • the calculation means 210, 220 are implemented by a DSP technique.
  • the output signals l 2 (t) and Q 2 (t) of the calculation means 210, 220 are applied to the summing means 240 that sums up the received signals.
  • the calculation means 210, 220 generate an output signal for example by multi- plying their input signals by each other.
  • the output signal can also be generated by using other types of calculation methods.
  • the signal obtained from the output of the summing means 240 forms a base address.
  • the base address is thus formed by squaring the input signals of the calculation means 210, 220. In practice, the squaring of the input signals corresponds to the calculation of the power of the input signals. Calculating an address according to the arrangement of the invention is thus based on the level of the input signal.
  • the arrangement further comprises address correction means 250 in connection with the summing means 240.
  • the base address formed by the summing means 240 is conveyed to the address correction means 250 that correct the above calculated base address by means of an address correction value.
  • the base address corrected in the address correction means 250 is used as an actual address (ADDRESS) of the corrector table.
  • a corrector coefficient is retrieved from the corrector table on the basis of the corrector table address that has been formed, the corrector coefficient compensating for signal distortions.
  • the address correction values in the address correction means 250 are placed for example in a table.
  • the address correction values arranged in the input signal enable an optimal address to be formed for the distortion corrector table.
  • the values of the address correction table are preferably formed on the basis of the amplitude distribution of the input signal. The effect of the modulation method used is taken into account when generating values for the address correction table.
  • the optimal address enables the use of an optimal corrector coefficient, whereby signal distortions can be accu- rately compensated for.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and arrangement for forming an address, the arrangement being used for forming a corrector table (130) address employed in signal predistortion that is used for compensating for signal distortions. The distortions are compensated for by means of corrector coefficients placed in the corrector table (130), the corrector coefficient being retrieved from the table on the basis of the address. The arrangement comprises calculation means (210, 220) that, on the basis of the received signal, calculate a result corresponding to the squaring of the received signal. The arrangement further comprises summing means (240) that, if required, sum up the results corresponding to the squaring, the sum forming a base address. The arrangement further comprises address correction means (250) that correct the above calculated base address by means of an address correction value.

Description

METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR FORMING AN ADDRESS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a method for forming an address, which method is employed in signal predistortion used for compensating for signal distortions by means of corrector coefficients placed in a corrector table, the corrector coefficients being retrieved from the corrector table on the basis of the address.
The invention also relates to an arrangement for forming a corrector table address used for signal predistortion which is used for compensating for signal distortions by means of corrector coefficients placed in a corrector table, the corrector coefficients being retrieved from the corrector table on the basis of the address.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Many electronic components bring about signal distortion when the signal is processed by the component. In practice, signal distortion is problematic especially in amplifiers. Distortion in the amplifier is caused by the non- linearity of the amplifier. The signal to be amplified can also become distorted because of too strong an input signal or because of for example a shift in the standby operating point of the amplifier. It is possible to reduce distortion for example by a feedback.
Linear modulation methods that enable a spectrum to be used efficiently are becoming more common in mobile systems. However, the linear modulation methods require that the amplifier must be as linear as possible. However, the power amplifiers in use cause intermodulation distortion to the signal. Intermodulation distortion occurs when the amplifier generates harmonic waves, i.e. new frequencies. More precisely, intermodular distortion occurs when an excitation signal comprises oscillation at different frequencies. In that case, the response comprises a number of signals whose frequencies are sums and differences of the exication frequencies and their multifolds. Distortion in the amplifier can further depend for example on the magnitude of capacitance and inductance in the amplifier. Mobile systems contain for example AM-AM or AM-PM intermodular distortion (AM = Amplitude Modulation, PM = Phase Modulation). Distortion caused by intermodulation distortion is presented for example by means of a signal state diagram. The signal state diagram can be presented by means of coordinates. The AM- AM distortion causes signal state points to shift closer to the origin. The AM- PM distortion, on the other hand, causes the signal state points to move round the origin.
Various linearization methods are used to correct and compensate for the amplifier-induced signal distortion. Prior art methods employ digital predistortion in linearization. In digital predistortion, a baseband signal is corrected by means of correction coefficients stored in a table. The correction coefficients are retrieved on the basis of an address that has been calculated from an input signal. An input signal amplitude, i.e. the square root of the input signal, is used as the address. However, calculating the square root reduces calculation capacity. In addition, implementing the calculation is complicated.
For example US-A-5138144 presents an error compensation method associated with image reading equipment, the method comprising address information calculations. However, calculating address information is time-based. More precisely, calculating an address is based on a clock pulse.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to change the address distribution of a corrector table on the basis of the amplitude distribution of an input signal. This object is achieved by the method of the type presented in the introduction, characterized by calculating a base address on the basis of a signal, summing up the signal components of a signal composed of signal components, correcting the calculated base address by an address correction value, calculating a corrector table address on the basis of the base address and the corrected base address.
This object is also achieved by the arrangement of the invention, characterized in that the arrangement comprises calculation means that, on the basis of a received signal, calculate a result corresponding to the squaring of the received signal, summing means that, if required, sum up the results corresponding to the squaring, the sum forming a base address, and error correction means that correct the above calculated base address by means of an address correction value.
The method of the invention provides many advantages. The method enables a correction table address to be formed without complicated calculations. According to the method, a base address is formed before forming the actual corrector table address. The actual address is obtained by suitably processing the base address, the actual address then being used as the corrector table address. Processing the base address is carried out by using address correction means that correct the above calculated base address. Processing is carried out by means of address correcting values. The address correcting values arranged to the input signal enable an optimal corrector table address to be formed. The optimal address enables a distortion to be accurately compensated for.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the following, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the examples in the attached drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of a transceiver employing digital predistortion,
Figure 2 illustrates an arrangement used for forming a corrector table address used for digital predistortion.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Figure 1 is a block diagram of a transceiver arrangement using digital predistortion. The arrangement comprises predistortion means 100, calculation means 110 and calculation means 120. In the arrangement of the figure, two signal components l(t) and Q(t) are introduced to the predistortion means 100. The signal components are also applied to both the calculation means 110 and 120. The calculation means 120 calculate corrector coefficients.
The arrangement further comprises means 130 for establishing a corrector table. The corrector table comprises the corrector coefficients calcu- lated by the calculation means 120. The calculation means 110 calculate an address on the basis of the received signal components, the address being used for retrieving the corrector coefficients from the corrector table. The corrector coefficients are applied to the predistortion means 100 that compensate for signal distortions by means of the corrector coefficients. The arrangement further comprises a converter element 131 , a converter element 132, filter means 141 ,142, and an oscillator 150. The converter element 131 is connected to the predistortion means 100 that supply digital signals to the converter element 131. The converter element 132 is connected to the calculation means 120. The converter element 132 receives analogue signals. The converter element 132 converts the received analogue signal into a digital signal that is sent to the calculation means 120. The arrangement further comprises a modulator and a demodulator 161 ,162. The oscillator 150 generates a signal that is applied to the modulator 161 and to the demodulator 162 . The arrangement further comprises an amplifier 171 connected to the modulator 161. The arrangement further comprises an antenna 181 acting as a transceiver antenna in the solution according to the figure.
The filter means 141 receive analogue signals arriving from the converter element 131. The filter means 141 low-pass filter the received sig- nal. The signal filtered by the filter means 141 is applied to the modulator 161. In the modulator 161 , a signal generated by an oscillator 151 is modulated by the signal coming from the filter means 141. The modulated signal is applied to the amplifier 171 that amplifies the signal. After the amplification, the signal is sent through the antenna 181 to the radio path. The antenna 181 receives analogue signals from the radio path, the signals upon receiving being applied to the demodulator 162. In the demodulator, the signal generated by the oscillator 151 is modulated by the signal coming from the antenna 181. The demodulated signal is applied to the filter means 142 that filter the signal. After filtering, the signal is converted into a digital signal in the converter element 132.
Figure 2 shows an arrangement used for forming an address for the corrector coefficients placed in a corrector table. The figure thus presents the structure of the calculation means 110 in more detail. The arrangement comprises calculation means 210, 220, and a summing means 240. The summing means 240 is connected to the calculation means 210, 220. The summing means receives signals from the means 210, 220. In the arrangement of the figure, the calculation means 210 receives a signal l(t). The calculation means 210 processes the received signal in such a way that the strength of the signal obtained from the output of the calculation means 210 is l2(t). The calculation means 220 receives a signal Q(t). The means 220 processes by preferably squaring the received signal in such a way that the strength of the signal obtained from the output of the calculation means 220 is Q2(t). In practice, the calculation means 210, 220 are implemented by a DSP technique.
The output signals l2(t) and Q2(t) of the calculation means 210, 220 are applied to the summing means 240 that sums up the received signals. The calculation means 210, 220 generate an output signal for example by multi- plying their input signals by each other. The output signal can also be generated by using other types of calculation methods. The signal obtained from the output of the summing means 240 forms a base address. The base address is thus formed by squaring the input signals of the calculation means 210, 220. In practice, the squaring of the input signals corresponds to the calculation of the power of the input signals. Calculating an address according to the arrangement of the invention is thus based on the level of the input signal.
The arrangement further comprises address correction means 250 in connection with the summing means 240. The base address formed by the summing means 240 is conveyed to the address correction means 250 that correct the above calculated base address by means of an address correction value. The base address corrected in the address correction means 250 is used as an actual address (ADDRESS) of the corrector table. A corrector coefficient is retrieved from the corrector table on the basis of the corrector table address that has been formed, the corrector coefficient compensating for signal distortions.
In practice, the address correction values in the address correction means 250 are placed for example in a table. The address correction values arranged in the input signal enable an optimal address to be formed for the distortion corrector table. The values of the address correction table are preferably formed on the basis of the amplitude distribution of the input signal. The effect of the modulation method used is taken into account when generating values for the address correction table. The optimal address enables the use of an optimal corrector coefficient, whereby signal distortions can be accu- rately compensated for.
Although the invention has been described above with reference to the examples illustrated in the attached drawings, it is obvious that the invention is not restricted thereto but it can be modified in many ways within the scope of the inventive idea presented in the attached claims.

Claims

CLAIMS:
1. A method for forming an address, which method is employed in signal predistortion used for compensating for signal distortions by means of corrector coefficients placed in a corrector table (130), the corrector coeffi- cients being retrieved from the corrector table on the basis of the address, characterized by calculating a base address on the basis of a signal, summing up the signal components of a signal composed of signal components, correcting the calculated base address by an address correction value, calculating a corrector table address on the basis of the base address and the corrected base address.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized by forming the base address from a signal by calculating a result corresponding to the squaring of the signal.
3. A method as claimed in claim ^characterized by forming the base address from a signal composed of signal components in such a way that results corresponding to the squaring of single signal components are summed up.
4. A method as claimed in claim ^characterized by forming the base address by squaring a signal, and if the signal is composed of signal components, the signal components are squared separately, after which the squared signal components are summed up.
5. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized by calculating the base address on the basis of the power of a signal.
6. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that when the method is used in association with different modulation methods, the address correction values are formed according to the modulation method used.
7. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that when the method is used in association with different modulation methods, the base address is corrected according to the manner required by the modulation method used.
8. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized by employing the method in association with digital predistortion.
9. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the signal components are for example I and Q signal components of a digital modulation.
10. An arrangement for forming a corrector table (130) address used for signal predistortion which is used for compensating for signal distortions by means of corrector coefficients placed in a corrector table (130), the corrector coefficients being retrieved from the corrector table on the basis of the address, characterized in that the arrangement comprises calculation means (210, 220) that, on the basis of the received sig- nal, calculate a result corresponding to the squaring of the received signal, summing means (240) that, if required, sum up the results corresponding to the squaring, the sum forming a base address, and error correction means (250) that correct the above calculated base address by means of an address correction value.
11. An arrangement as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the calculation means (210, 220) calculate the base address by forming a result from a signal, the result corresponding to the squaring of said signal.
12. An arrangement as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the calculation means (210, 220) calculate the base address by squaring a signal, and if the signal is composed of signal components, the calculation means (210, 220) square the signal components separately and sum up the squared signal components.
13. An arrangement as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the calculation means (210, 220) calculate the base address on the basis of the power of a signal.
14. An arrangement as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the address correction means (250) are used for forming an address on the basis of which a corrector coefficient is retrieved from a corrector table (130), the corrector coefficient being used for compensating for distortions.
15. An arrangement as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that when the method is used in association with different modulation methods, the address correction means (250) generate the address correction values according to the modulation method being used.
16. An arrangement as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the arrangement is used in association with digital predistortion.
17. An arrangement as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the calculation means (210, 220) calculate the base address from the and Q signal components of a digital modulation.
PCT/FI1998/000225 1997-03-17 1998-03-13 Method and arrangement for forming an address WO1998042082A2 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98909524A EP0968571B1 (en) 1997-03-17 1998-03-13 Method and arrangement for forming an address for corrector table employed in signal predistortion
AU64028/98A AU741822B2 (en) 1997-03-17 1998-03-13 Method and arrangement for forming an address
US09/380,701 US6799021B1 (en) 1997-03-17 1998-03-13 Method and arrangement for forming an address
JP54016798A JP2001517391A (en) 1997-03-17 1998-03-13 Method and structure for forming an address
DE69840540T DE69840540D1 (en) 1997-03-17 1998-03-13 Method and arrangement for address formation for a correction table for use in signal predistortion
NO994494A NO994494L (en) 1997-03-17 1999-09-16 Procedure and apparatus for forming an address

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI971121 1997-03-17
FI971121A FI103306B (en) 1997-03-17 1997-03-17 Procedure for designing an address and arrangement

Publications (2)

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WO1998042082A2 true WO1998042082A2 (en) 1998-09-24
WO1998042082A3 WO1998042082A3 (en) 1998-12-03

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US (1) US6799021B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0968571B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2001517391A (en)
CN (1) CN1251228A (en)
AT (1) ATE422733T1 (en)
AU (1) AU741822B2 (en)
DE (1) DE69840540D1 (en)
FI (1) FI103306B (en)
NO (1) NO994494L (en)
WO (1) WO1998042082A2 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
JP2001517391A (en) 2001-10-02
NO994494D0 (en) 1999-09-16
DE69840540D1 (en) 2009-03-26
EP0968571A2 (en) 2000-01-05
FI971121A (en) 1998-09-18
FI103306B1 (en) 1999-05-31
EP0968571B1 (en) 2009-02-11
AU741822B2 (en) 2001-12-13
ATE422733T1 (en) 2009-02-15
FI971121A0 (en) 1997-03-17
US6799021B1 (en) 2004-09-28
NO994494L (en) 1999-09-16
CN1251228A (en) 2000-04-19
AU6402898A (en) 1998-10-12
WO1998042082A3 (en) 1998-12-03
FI103306B (en) 1999-05-31

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