WO1999035210A1

WO1999035210A1 - Decafluoropentane compositions

Info

Publication number: WO1999035210A1
Application number: PCT/US1998/027732
Authority: WO
Inventors: Abid Nazarali Merchant; Barbara Haviland Minor
Original assignee: E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
Priority date: 1998-01-02
Filing date: 1998-12-31
Publication date: 1999-07-15

Abstract

Compositions of 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane and n-propyl bromide, or 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane, n-propyl bromide an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol, are described. These compositions are useful as cleaning agents, displacement drying agents, refrigerants, heat transfer media, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes, aerosol propellants, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, and buffing abrasive agents.

Description

TITLE DECAFLUOROPENTANE COMPOSITIONS

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Application 60/070365. filed January 2, 1998.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions comprising 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane (HFC-43-10mee), n-propyl bromide, and optionally, an alcohol selected from methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Fluorinated hydrocarbons have many uses such as cleaning agents or refrigerants. Such fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds include trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) and l,l,2-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC- 113).

In recent years it has been pointed out that certain fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds released into the atmosphere may adversely affect the stratospheric ozone layer. Although this proposition has not yet been completely established, there is a movement toward controling use and production of certain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) under an international agreement.

Accordingly, there is a demand for the development of new compounds that have a lower ozone depletion potential than existing compounds while still achieving an acceptable performance in cleaning agent applications.

It is desirable to find replacements for CFCs and HCFCs for use as a cleaning agent or solvent to clean, for example, electronic circuit boards. Electronic components are soldered to circuit boards by coating the entire circuit side of the board with flux and thereafter passing the flux-coated board over preheaters and through molten solder. The flux cleans the conductive metal parts and promotes solder fusion, but leave residues on the circuit boards that must be removed with a cleaning agent. Fluorinated hydrocarbons are also useful cleaning agents in vapor degreasing operations.

Preferably, cleaning agents should have a low boiling point, nonfiammability, low toxicity, and high solvency power so that flux and flux- residues can be removed without damaging the substrate being cleaned. Further, it is desirable that cleaning agents that include a fluorinated hydrocarbon be azeotropic or azeotrope-like so that they do not tend to fractionate upon boiling or evaporation. If the cleaning agent is not azeotropic or azeotrope-like, the more volatile components of the cleaning agent will evaporate, and the cleaning agent may become flammable or may have less-desirable solvency properties, such as lower rosin flux solvency and lower inertness toward the electrical components being cleaned. The azeotropic or azeotrope-like property is also desirable in vapor degreasing operations because the cleaning agent is generally redistilled and reused for final rinse cleaning. Replacements for CFCs may also be used as refrigerants. In refrigeration applications, a refrigerant is often lost during operation through leaks in shaft seals, hose connections, soldered joints and broken lines. In addition, the refrigerant may be released to the atmosphere during maintenance procedures on refrigeration equipment. If the refrigerant is not a pure component or an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition, the refrigerant composition may change when leaked or discharged to the atmosphere from the refrigeration equipment, which may cause the refrigerant to become flammable or to have poor refrigeration performance.

Replacements for CFCs and HCFCs may also find use as heat transfer media to transfer heat from a heat source to a heat sink, blowing agents in the manufacture of closed-cell polyurethane, phenolic and thermoplastic foams, as propellants in aerosols, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids such as for heat pumps, inert media for polymerization reactions, fluids for removing particulates from metal surfaces, as carrier fluids that may be used, for example, to place a fine film of lubricant on metal parts, as buffing abrasive agents to remove buffing abrasive compounds from polished surfaces such as metal, as displacement drying agents for removing water, such as from jewelry or metal parts, as resist developers in conventional circuit manufacturing techniques including chlorine-type developing agents, or as strippers for photoresists when used with, for example, a chlorohydrocarbon such as 1.1,1- trichloroethane or trichloroethylene. Accordingly, it has been found that compositions containing

1,1, 1,2,3,4,4,5,5, 5-decafluoropentane, n-propyl bromide, and optionally an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol, have a lower ozone depletion potential and are suitable cleaning agents, displacement drying agents, refrigerants, heat transfer media, expansion agents for polyoleflns and polyurethanes, aerosol propellants, gaseous dielectrics, power cycle working fluids, fire extinguishing agents, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, and buffing abrasive agents.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to compositions of

1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane, n-propyl bromide, and optionally an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol.

The present invention also relates to the following binary compositions: a first component, 1,1, 1,2,3,4,4,5, 5, 5-decafluoropentane and a second component, n-propyl bromide.

The present invention also relates to the following ternary compositions:

1,1, 1,2,3,4,4,5,5, 5-decafluoropentane, n-propyl bromide, and a third component, wherein the third component is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol or isopropanol.

These compositions are useful as cleaning agents, refrigerants, displacement drying agents, expansion agents for polyoleflns and polyurethanes, aerosol propellants. heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, fire extinguishants. carrier fluids, and buffing abrasive agents. Further, the invention relates to the discovery of binary azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions comprising effective amounts of these components to form an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention relates to compositions of 1,1 , 1,2,3 ,4,4,5,5, 5-decafluoropentane, n-propyl bromide, and optionally an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol

The present invention also relates to the discovery of binary compositions of 1,1, 1,2,3,4,4,5.5, 5-decafluoropentane and n-propyl bromide; and ternary compositions of 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane, n-propyl bromide and methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol.

The present invention also relates to the discovery of azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions comprising effective amounts of 1 ,1 , 1 ,2,3,4,4, 5, 5,5-decafluoropentane and n-propyl bromide, or

1 ,1 ,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane, n-propyl bromide and an alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol to form an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition.

1-99 wt.% of each of the components in the above compositions can be used as cleaning agents, displacement drying agents, refrigerants, expansion agents for polyoleflns and polyurethanes, aerosol propellants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishants, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, and buffing abrasive agents. The compositions of the present invention are expected to have low ozone depletion and low global warming.

Components of the compositions of the present invention include the following:

1. methanol (CHOH). boiling point = 65°C 2. ethanol (CH₃CH₇OH), boiling point = 78°C

3. isopropanol ((CH^CHOH), boiling point = 82°C

4. n-propyl bromide. nPBr, (CH₂CH_:CH₂Br), boiling point = 71 °C 5. 1,1.1.2.3,4.4.5.5-decafluoropentane. HFC-43-10mee (CF₃CHFCHFCF₂CF₃), boiling point = 54.6°C

By "azeotropic^" composition is meant a constant boiling liquid admixture of two or more substances that behaves as a single substance. One way to characterize an azeotropic composition is that the vapor produced by partial evaporation or distillation of the liquid has the same composition as the liquid from which it was evaporated or distilled, that is, the admixture distills/refluxes without compositional change. Constant boiling compositions are characterized as azeotropic because they exhibit either a maximum or minimum boiling point, as compared with that of the non-azeotropic mixtures of the same components.

By "azeotrope-like" composition is meant a constant boiling, or substantially constant boiling, liquid admixture of two or more substances that behaves as a single substance. One way to characterize an azeotrope-like composition is that the vapor produced by partial evaporation or distillation of the liquid has substantially the same composition as the liquid from which it was evaporated or distilled, that is, the admixture distills/refluxes without substantial composition change. Another way to characterize an azeotrope-like composition is that the bubble point vapor pressure and the dew point vapor pressure of the composition at a particular temperature are substantially the same. Herein, a composition is azeotrope-like if, after 50 weight percent of the composition is removed such as by evaporation or boiling off, the difference in vapor pressure between the original composition and the composition remaining after 50 weight percent of the original composition has been removed is less than 10 percent, when measured in absolute units. By absolute units, it is meant measurements of pressure,e.g., psia, atmospheres, bars, torr, dynes per square centimeter, millimeters of mercury, inches of water and other equivalent terms well known in the art. If an azeotrope is present, there is little difference in vapor pressure between the original composition and the composition remaining after 50 weight percent of the original composition has been removed.

Therefore, included in this invention are compositions of effective amounts of 1.1, 1,2.3,4,4,5, 5, 5-decafluoropentane and n-propyl bromide, or 1,1.1, 2,3,4,4, 5,5.5-decafluoropentane. n-propyl bromide, and at least one alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol. and isopropanol, such that after 50 weight percent of an original composition is evaporated or boiled off to produce a remaining composition, the difference in the vapor pressure between the original composition and the remaining composition is 10 percent or less.

For compositions that are azeotropic, there is usually some range of compositions around the azeotrope point that, for a maximum boiling azeotrope, have boiling points at a particular pressure higher than the pure components of the composition at that pressure and have vapor pressures at a particular temperature lower than the pure components of the composition at that temperature, and that, for a minimum boiling azeotrope, have boiling points at a particular pressure lower than the pure components of the composition at that pressure and have vapor pressures at a particular temperature higher than the pure components of the composition at that temperature. Boiling temperatures and vapor pressures above or below that of the pure components are caused by unexpected intermolecular forces between and among the molecules of the compositions, which can be a combination of repulsive and attractive forces such as van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding.

The range of compositions that have a maximum or minimum boiling point at a particular pressure, or a maximum or minimum vapor pressure at a particular temperature, may or may not be coextensive with the range of compositions that have a change in vapor pressure of less than about 10% when 50 weight percent of the composition is evaporated. In those cases where the range of compositions that have maximum or minimum boiling temperatures at a particular pressure, or maximum or minimum vapor pressures at a particular temperature, are broader than the range of compositions that have a change in vapor pressure of less than about 10% when 50 weight percent of the composition is evaporated, the unexpected intermolecular forces are nonetheless believed important in that the refrigerant compositions having those forces that are not substantially constant boiling may exhibit unexpected increases in the capacity or efficiency versus the components of the refrigerant composition. The components of the compositions of this invention have the following vapor pressures:

25°C 48.4°C

Component Psia Psia

Methanol 2.33 7.19

Ethanol 1.14 3.94

Isopropanol 0.82 3.15 n-Propyl bromide 2.65 6.79

HFC-43-10mee 4.36 10.65 Substantially constant boiling, azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions of this invention comprise the following at the temperature specified:

T(°C) WEIGHT RANGES PREFERRED COMPONENTS (wt.%/wt/%) (wt.%/wt.%)

HFC-43-10mee/nPBr 25 54-99/1-46 85-99/1-15

HFC-43- 1 Omee/nPBr/methanol 25 60-90/5-30/2-10 70-85/10-25/2-8

HFC-43- 1 Omee/nPBr/ethanol 25 60-90/5-30/2-10 70-85/10-25/2-8

HFC-43- 1 Omee/nPBr/isopropanol 48.4 56-90/5-34/1-15 70-85/10-25/2-10

For purposes of this invention, "effective amount" is defined as the amount of each component of the inventive compositions which, when combined. results in the formation of an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition. This definition includes the amounts of each component, which amounts may vary depending on the pressure applied to the composition so long as the azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions continue to exist at the different pressures, but with possible different boiling points.

Therefore, effective amount includes the amounts, such as may be expressed in weight percentages, of each component of the compositions of the instant invention which form azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions at temperatures or pressures other than as described herein.

For the purposes of this discussion, azeotropic or constant-boiling is intended to mean also essentially azeotropic or essentially-constant boiling. In other words, included within the meaning of these terms are not only the true azeotropes described above, but also other compositions containing the same components in different proportions, which are true azeotropes at other temperatures and pressures, as well as those equivalent compositions which are part of the same azeotropic system and are azeotrope-like in their properties. As is well recognized in this art, there is a range of compositions which contain the same components as the azeotrope, which will not only exhibit essentially equivalent properties for refrigeration and other applications, but which will also exhibit essentially equivalent properties to the true azeotropic composition in terms of constant boiling characteristics or tendency not to segregate or fractionate on boiling.

It is possible to characterize, in effect, a constant boiling admixture which may appear under many guises, depending upon the conditions chosen, by any of several criteria: * The composition can be defined as an azeotrope of A, B, C (and

D...) since the very term "azeotrope" is at once both definitive and limitative, and requires that effective amounts of A, B, C (and D...) for this unique composition of matter which is a constant boiling composition. * It is well known by those skilled in the art, that, at different pressures, the composition of a given azeotrope will vary at least to some degree, and changes in pressure will also change, at least to some degree, the boiling point temperature. Thus, an azeotrope of A, B, C (and D...) represents a unique type of relationship but with a variable composition which depends on temperature and/or pressure. Therefore, compositional ranges, rather than fixed compositions, are often used to define azeotropes. * The composition can be defined as a particular weight percent relationship or mole percent relationship of A, B, C (and D...), while recognizing that such specific values point out only one particular relationship and that in actuality, a series of such relationships, represented by A, B, C (and D...) actually exist for a given azeotrope, varied by the influence of pressure. * An azeotrope of A. B, C (and D...) can be characterized by defining the compositions as an azeotrope characterized by a boiling point at a given pressure, thus giving identifying characteristics without unduly limiting the scope of the invention by a specific numerical composition, which is limited by and is only as accurate as the analytical equipment available.

The azeotrope or azeotrope-like compositions of the present invention can be prepared by any convenient method including mixing or combining the desired amounts of components. A preferred method is to weigh the desired component amounts and thereafter combine them in an appropriate container.

The present inventive compositions may include one alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol. and isopropanol which may comprise a mixture of alcohol together with impurities such as water or second alcohol in amounts less than about 5 wt% of the amount of alcohol. Presence of such impurities in such amounts does not substantially alter the physical properties defined earlier for the present azeotrope-like compositions. Inhibitors may be added to the present azeotrope-like compositions to inhibit decomposition of the compositions; react with undesirable decomposition products of the compositions; and/or prevent corrosion of metal surfaces. At least one of the following classes of inhibitors may be employed in the present inventive compositions: alkanols having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, nitroalkanes having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, preferably nitromethane (CH₃NO₂), 1 ,2- epoxyalkanes having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, phosphite esters having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, ethers having 3 or 4 carbon atoms, unsaturated compounds having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, acetals having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, ketones having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and amines having 6 to 8 carbon atoms. Other suitable inhibitors will readily occur to those of average skill in this field. The azeotrope-like compositions of the present invention have low ozone-depletion potentials and are expected to decompose almost completely, prior to reaching the stratosphere.

The present invention is further related to processes for vapor phase degreasing and solvent cleaning using the present compositions. Such vapor degreasing processes comprise contacting a substrate to be cleaned, e.g., residue contaminated, silicon-metal composite electronic circuit boards, metal (e.g. stainless steel) fabricated parts and the like, with the vapors of a boiling present composition. Vapors condensing on the substrate provide clean distilled composition which rinses away flux or other residue. Evaporation of cleaning composition from the substrate leaves behind no residue. The present solvent cleaning processes comprise contacting a substrate to be cleaned with liquid present composition and then removal of the substrate from the composition. For difficult to remove soils where elevated temperature is necessary to improve the cleaning action of the solvent, or for large volume assembly line operations where the cleaning of substrates must be done efficiently and quickly, the conventional operation of a vapor degreaser consists of immersing the part to be cleaned in a sump of boiling solvent which removes the bulk of the soil, thereafter immersing the part in a sump containing freshly distilled solvent near room temperature, and finally exposing the part to solvent vapors over the boiling sump which condense on the cleaned part. In addition, the part can also be sprayed with distilled solvent before final rinsing. Vapor degreasers suitable in the above-described processes are well known in the art. For example, Sherliker et al. in U.S. patent number 3,085,918, disclose such suitable vapor degreasers comprising a boiling sump, a clean sump, a water separator, and other ancillary equipment.

The azeotrope-like compositions of the present invention permit easy recovery and re-use of the solvent from vapor defluxing and degreasing processes because of their substantially constant boiling nature. For example, the azeotrope-like compositions of the present invention can be used in cleaning processes such as those described in U.S. patent number 3.881 ,949..

Although the disclosure to this point has been directed to the present compositions and their use in cleaning processes, the present compositions may also be used as refrigerants. In refrigeration processes, a refrigerant is often lost during operation through leaks in shaft seals, hose connections, solder joints, and broken lines. In addition, refrigerant may be released to the atmosphere during maintenance procedures on refrigeration equipment. Accordingly, if a mixture of compounds is to be employed as refrigerant, it is desirable to use an azeotrope-like composition. Some non-azeotropic compositions may also be used as refrigerants, but they have the disadvantage of changing composition, or fractionating, when a portion of the refrigerant charge is leaked or discharged to the atmosphere. If a non-azeotropic composition contains a flammable component, the blend could become flammable because of such a change in composition. Refrigerant equipment performance could also be adversely affected due to the change in composition and vapor pressure that results from fractionation. Thus, the present invention is further directed to refrigeration processes comprising condensing the present composition, and thereafter evaporating it, in the vicinity of a body to be cooled. Similarly, still another aspect of the present invention is a method for heating which comprises condensing the present composition in the vicinity of a body to be heated and thereafter evaporating the refrigerant.

The present invention may also find use in the manufacture of close-cell polyurethane, phenolic and thermoplastic foams. Insulating foams require blowing agents not only to foam the polymer, but more importantly to utilize the low vapor thermal conductivity of the blowing agents, which is an important characteristic for insulation value.

Further, the present compositions may find utility as active ingredient in an aerosol composition. Aerosol compositions generally comprise an active ingredient and a propellant, wherein the propellant is a compound such as hydrofluorocarbons (e.g., trifluoromethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, 1,1,1,2- tetrafluoroethane), ether (e.g., dimethyl ether), hydrocarbons (e.g., propane, butane, iso-butane), or mixtures thereof. All such aerosol products utilize the pressure of a propellant gas or a mixture of propellant gases to expel the active ingredients from an aerosol container. For this purpose, most aerosols employ liquified gases which vaporize and provide the pressure to propel the active ingredients when the valve on the aerosol container is opened. Such aerosol compositions containing the present azeotrope-like composition are useful as industrial products such as cleaners, lubricants, and mold release agents; and automotive products such as cleaners and polishes. The present compositions may also find utility as heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids such as for heat pumps, inert media for polymerization reactions, fluids for removing particulates from metal surfaces, and as carrier fluids that may be used, for example, to place a fine film of lubricant on metal parts. Further, the present compositions may also find utility as buffing abrasive detergents to remove buffing abrasive compounds from polished surfaces such as metal, as displacement drying agents for removing surface water such as from jewelry or metal parts, as resist-developers in conventional circuit manufacturing techniques employing chlorine-type developing agents, and as strippers for photoresists when used with, for example, a chlorohydrocarbon such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane or trichloroethylene. In addition, the mixtures are useful as resist developers, where chlorine-type developers would be used, and as resist stripping agents with the addition of appropriate halocarbons.

Specific examples illustrating the invention are given below. Unless otherwise stated therein, all percentages are by weight. It is to be understood that these examples are merely illustrative and in no way are to be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention. Where used in the following examples. nPBr is n-propyl bromide, and HFC-43-10mee is 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane.

EXAMPLE 1

A solution containing 81.6 weight percent HFC-43-10mee and 18.4 weight percent n-propyl bromide was prepared in a suitable container and mixed thoroughly. The solution was distilled in a five plate Oldershaw distillation column using a 10: 1 reflux to take-off ratio. Head and pot temperatures were read directly to 1°C. The pressure was 758.38 mmHg. Distillate compositions were determined by gas chromatography. Results obtained are summarized in Table 1. TABLE 1

Temp °C Wt% Distilled Weight Percentages

Cuts Head or Recovered HFC-43-10mee n-propyl bromide

1 48 9.5 80.6 19.4

2 49 19.1 80.3 19.7

3 49 28.6 80.0 20.0

4 49 38.5 79.9 20.1

5 50 48.4 79.5 20.5

6 50 58.1 79.4 20.6

HEEL __ 91.4 91.5 8.5

Analysis of the above data indicate very small differences between head temperatures and distillate compositions as the distillation progressed. A statistical analysis of the data indicates that the true binary azeotrope of HFC-43-10mee and n-propyl bromide has the following characteristics at atmospheric pressure (99 percent confidence limits):

HFC-43-10mee 80.0 +/- 1.4 wt% n-propyl bromide 20.0 +/- 1.4 wt% Boiling Pt, °C 49.2 +/- 2.3

EXAMPLE 2 A solution containing 75.8 weight percent HFC-43-10mee, 17.6 weight percent n-propyl bromide and 6.6 weight percent methanol was prepared in a suitable container and mixed thoroughly. The solution was distilled in a five plate Oldershaw distillation column using a 10:1 reflux to take-off ratio. Head and pot temperatures were read directly to 1°C. The pressure was 758.38 mmHg. Distillate compositions were determined by gas chromatography. Results obtained are summarized in Table 2. TABLE 2

Temp °C Wt% Distilled Weight Percentages

Cuts Head or Recovered 43-1 Omee nPBr Methanol

1 42 9.9 77.3 17.7 5.0

2 43 19.8 76.1 18.7 5.2

3 43 29.5 75.1 19.5 5.4

4 44 39.3 74.4 20.1 5.5

5 44 49.1 73.9 20.5 5.6

HEEL „ 91.2 75.7 10.2 14.1

Analysis of the above data indicate very small differences between head temperatures and distillate compositions as the distillation progressed. A statistical analysis of the data indicates the true ternary azeotrope of HFC-43- lOmee, n-propyl bromide and methanol has the following characteristics at atmospheric pressure (99 percent confidence limits):

HFC-43-10mee = 75.4 +/- 4.0 wt% n-propyl bromide = 19.3 +/- 3.3 wt% methanol = 5.3 +/- 0.7 wt%

Boiling Point, °C = 43.2 +/- 2.5

EXAMPLE 3 A phase study shows the following compositions are azeotropic at the temperature specified. It also shows composition can vary with temperature.

Composition wt% T°C Vapor Pressure Psia (kPa HFC-43-10mee/nPBr 78.7/21.2 25 5.54 (38.2)

HFC-43-1 Omee/nPBr/methanol 79.0/16.6/4.4 25 6.92 (47.7) HFC-43- 1 Omee/nPBr/ethanol 79.3/18.1/2.6 25 6.07 (41.9) 80.7/15.8/3.5 45.8 14.7 (101.3)

HFC-43-10mee/nPBr/isopropanol 78.6/18.8/2.6 48.4 14.7 (101.3)

EXAMPLE 4

A suitable container is filled with mixtures shown in Table 3 and heated to the boiling point. Stainless steel nuts and bolts coated with various residues are suspended in the container for 10 seconds then removed and observed. Results are reported in Table 3.

TABLE 3

Tapmatic Dow 1107 Mil-H-5606

Weight % Krvtox® Oil Cutting Fluid Silicone Oil Hvdraulic Fluid

HFC-43-10mee/ 100% 100% 100% 100% nPBr Removed Removed Removed Removed

(80/20)

HFC-43-10mee/ 100% 100% 100% 100% nPBr/ Removed Removed Removed Removed

Methanol

(75.4/19.3/5.3)

HFC-43-10mee/ 100% 100% 100% 100% nPBr/ Removed Removed Removed Removed

Ethanol

(80.7/15.8/3.5)

HFC-43-10mee/ 100% 100% 100% 100% nPBr/ Removed Removed Removed Removed

Isopropanol

(78.6/18.8/2.6)

Analysis of the above data indicate these mixtures remove significant amounts of residue.

EXAMPLE 5 Several single sided circuit boards are coated with Alpha 61 IF RMA rosin flux, then activated by heating to 165°C for two minutes. The boards are defluxed using a rinse at room temperature of azeotropic mixtures shown in Table 3. The boards cleaned in each azeotropic mixture have no visible residue remaining thereon.

EXAMPLE 6 Impact of Vapor Leakage on Vapor Pressure A vessel is charged with an initial composition at a specified temperature, and the vapor pressure of the composition is measured. The composition is allowed to leak from the vessel, while the temperature is held constant at the temperature specified, until 50 weight percent of the initial composition is removed, at which time the vapor pressure of the composition remaining in the vessel is measured. The results are summarized below.

Refrigerant 0 wt% evaporated 50 wt% evaporated %

Weight Percent Psia kPa Psia kPa Change

HFC-43-10mee/nPBr (25°C)

7788..77//2211..22 55..5544 3388..22 5.54 38.2 0.0

99/1 4.62 31.9 4.40 30.3 4.8

90/10 5.43 37.4 5.20 38.9 4.2

70/30 5.51 38.0 5.47 37.7 7.3

60/40 5.45 37.6 5.23 36.1 4.0

5544//4466 55..4400 3377..22 4.89 33.7 9.4

HFC-43-10mee/nPBr/methanol (25°C)

79.0/16.6/4.4 6.92 47.7 6.92 47.7 0.0

81/17/2 6.90 47.6 6.56 45.2 4.9

70/20/10 6.88 47.4 6.67 46.0 3.1

6600//3300//1100 66..8822 4477..00 6.28 43.3 7.9

75/20/5 6.91 47.6 6.90 47.6 0.1

90/5/5 6.71 46.3 6.54 45.1 2.5 85/10/5 6.87 47.4 6.81 47.0 0.9

HFC-43-10mee/nPBr/ethanol (25°C)

79.3/18.1/2.6 6.07 41.9 6.07 41.9 0.0

80/19/1 6.05 41.7 5.69 34.6 6.0

70/20/10 6.01 41.4 5.72 39.4 4.8

62/28/10 6.00 41.4 5.41 37.3 9.8

75/20/5 6.06 41.8 6.04 41.6 0.3

85/10/5 5.98 41.2 5.86 40.4 2.0

90/5/5 5.78 39.9 5.57 38.4 3.6

HFC-43- 1 Omee/nPBr/isopro panol (48.4°C)

78.6/18.8/2.6 14.7 101.3 14.7 101.3 0.0

80/19/1 14.6 100.7 14.5 100.0 0.7

70/20/10 14.4 99.3 14.0 96.5 2.8

60/30/10 14.3 98.6 13.4 92.4 6.3

56/34/10 14.2 97.9 12.9 88.9 9.2

75/20/5 14.6 100.7 14.5 100.0 0.7

85/10/5 14.4 99.3 14.1 97.2 2.1

90/5/5 13.9 95.8 13.5 93.1 2.9

80/5/15 13.4 92.4 12.6 86.9 6.0

The results of this Example show that these compositions are azeotropic or azeotrope-like because when 50 wt.% of an original composition is removed, the vapor pressure of the remaining composition is within about 10% of the vapor pressure of the original composition, at a specified temperature..

ADDITIONAL COMPOUNDS Other components, such as aliphatic hydrocarbons having a boiling point of about 0 to 100°C, hydrofluorocarbon alkanes having a boiling point of about 0 to 100°C, hydrofluoropropanes having a boiling point of between about 0 to 100°C, hydrocarbon esters having a boiling point between about 0 to 100°C, hydrochlorofluorocarbons having a boiling point between about 0 to 100°C, hydrofluorocarbons having a boiling point of about 0 to 100°C, hydrochlorocarbons having a boiling point between about 0 to 100°C, chlorocarbons and perfluorinated compounds, can be added in small amounts to the azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions described above without substantially changing the properties thereof, including the constant boiling behavior, of the compositions.

Additives such as lubricants, corrosion inhibitors, surfactants, stabilizers, dyes and other appropriate materials may be added to the novel compositions of the invention for a variety of purposes provide they do not have an adverse influence on the composition for its intended application. Preferred lubricants include esters having a molecular weight greater than 250.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. An azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising 1,1, 1,2,3,4,4,5, 5, 5-decafluoropentane and n-propyl bromide, or 1,1, 1,2,3,4,4,5,5, 5-decafluoropentane, n-propyl bromide and an alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol. and isopropanol.

2. The azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition of claim 1. said composition comprising: 54-99 weight percent 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane and 1-46 weight percent n-propyl bromide; 60-90 weight percent

1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane, 5-30 weight percent n-propyl bromide, and 2-

10 weight percent methanol; 60-90 weight percent

1,1, 1,2,3,4,4,5, 5,5-decafluoropentane, 5-30 weight percent n-propyl bromide, and 2-

10 weight percent ethanol; 56-90 weight percent 1,1,1, 2,3,4,4,5, 5,5-decafluoropentane, 5-34 weight percent n-propyl bromide, and 1-

15 weight percent isopropanol;

3. A process for cleaning a solid surface which comprises contacting said surface with a composition of Claim 1 or 2.

4. An aerosol composition consisting essentially of active ingredient and propellant, wherein the active ingredient comprises a composition of Claim 1 or 2.

5. A process for producing refrigeration, comprising condensing a composition of Claim 1 or 2, and thereafter evaporating said composition in the vicinity of the body to be cooled.

6. A process for preparing a thermoset or thermoplastic foam, comprising using a composition of Claim 1 or 2 as a blowing agent.

7. Effective amounts of 1,1, 1,2,3,4,4,5, 5, 5-decafluoropentane and n- propyl -bromide; 1,1, 1,2,3,4 ,4,5, 5, 5-decafluoropentane, n-propyl bromide and methanol; 1,1,1, 2,3,4,4, 5,5,5-decafluoropentane, n-propyl bromide and ethanol; and 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane, n-propyl bromide and isopropanol to form binary or ternary compositions having a vapor pressure higher or lower than that of the neat components of the binary or ternary composition.

8. A process for cleaning a solid surface which comprises treating said surface with a composition of Claim 7.

9. An aerosol composition consisting essentially of active ingredient and propellant, wherein the active ingredient is a composition of Claim 7

10. A process for producing refrigeration, comprising condensing a composition of Claim 7, and thereafter evaporating said composition in the vicinity of the body to be cooled.

11. A process for preparing a thermoset or thermoplastic foam, comprising using a composition of Claim 7 as a blowing agent.