WO2000014967A1 - Video signal transmission - Google Patents
Video signal transmission Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000014967A1 WO2000014967A1 PCT/EP1999/006417 EP9906417W WO0014967A1 WO 2000014967 A1 WO2000014967 A1 WO 2000014967A1 EP 9906417 W EP9906417 W EP 9906417W WO 0014967 A1 WO0014967 A1 WO 0014967A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bitstream
- video signal
- modified
- image area
- image
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
- H04N21/2343—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
- H04N21/234345—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements the reformatting operation being performed only on part of the stream, e.g. a region of the image or a time segment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/40—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using video transcoding, i.e. partial or full decoding of a coded input stream followed by re-encoding of the decoded output stream
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/235—Processing of additional data, e.g. scrambling of additional data or processing content descriptors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/236—Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
- H04N21/23614—Multiplexing of additional data and video streams
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/434—Disassembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. demultiplexing audio and video streams, extraction of additional data from a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Extraction or processing of SI; Disassembling of packetised elementary stream
- H04N21/4348—Demultiplexing of additional data and video streams
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/435—Processing of additional data, e.g. decrypting of additional data, reconstructing software from modules extracted from the transport stream
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for transmitting video signals.
- the method comp ⁇ ses the steps of receiving an image of an o ⁇ ginal video signal, modifying an image area of said image to create a modified video signal, and transmitting the modified video signal.
- the invention also relates to methods and arrangements for receiving, decoding and transcoding such video signals.
- a method as defined in the opening paragraph is generally known and applied, inter alia, by television networks that modify an image area of an o ⁇ ginal video signal to include a visible logo.
- the logo identifies the broadcasting station or content owner.
- a useful property of the logo is that it remains visible after recording and thus assists in identifying illegal copies of home-recorded broadcast video mate ⁇ al.
- the method in accordance with the invention includes the step of transmitting an auxiliary signal defining replacement video information for said image area of the modified video signal.
- receivers or transcoders can easily remove a logo or other mark which has been visibly attached to a video signal, replace said logo or mark by the replacement video information, and reproduce or retransmit the thus obtained video signal.
- the replacement video information is the image area of the original signal. This allows the receivers or transcoders to undo the modification of the image and reconstruct the original video signal.
- the invention allows television program providers to simultaneously transmit slightly different versions of a television program in an effective manner as one physical signal. Signal distributors located at head-ends of cable networks may select one of the versions for further distribution.
- TV programs with a logo are distributed to first recipients, whereas the same content without the logo is dist ⁇ ubbed to other recipients.
- Another example is the distribution of commercials with and without a public warning. Some count ⁇ es require that such a warning be shown on screen if the advertised product is potentially dangerous to public health
- a method of transmitting an original video signal and an auxiliary signal defining replacement video information for an image area thereof is known per se.
- Teletext receivers can display the subtitles, thereby replacing the o ⁇ ginal video information in an image area.
- the invention differs from this known method in that the main or "default" signal (which is understood to mean the signal which is reproduced by conventional receivers) is the modified signal. This renders it possible to assign a certain meaning to the signal modification, for example, an autho ⁇ zation to copy the video program, which is processed by all receivers, irrespective of whether or not they have provisions to undo the signal modification.
- the invention is particularly useful if the o ⁇ ginal video signal is available m encoded form, for example, as an MPEG bitstream, and the modified signal is to be retransmitted in encoded form.
- the replacement video information is preferably similarly encoded and represented by a substantially same number of bits as the modified image area Stuffing bits may be inserted in either the modified signal or the auxiliary signal to achieve this
- a receiver or transcoder can then simply replace the sub-se ⁇ es representing the sub-image by the auxiliary signal bits without any danger of causing buffer overflow or underflow problems in a subsequent decoder.
- the auxiliary signal is preferably accommodated in user data fields of the bitstream so that conventional (MPEG) decoders ignore this signal.
- the sub-images are advantageously accommodated in pictures which are not referred to by other pictures.
- the sub-image is preferably accommodated m B-pictures only This embodiment simplifies both the encoding and the decoding process considerably because the same I-pictures and P-pictures are used as reference, irrespective of whether the o ⁇ ginal or the modified video signal is to be (de-)coded.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an arrangement for transmitting video signals in accordance with the invention
- Fig. 2 shows the format of the output signal of the arrangement which is shown
- Fig 3 shows a schematic diagram of an arrangement for removing the mark and decoding or retransmitting the o ⁇ ginal video signal in accordance with the invention.
- Fig. 4 shows a flow chart of operations that are performed by a control circuit which is shown in Fig. 3.
- Figs. 5 and 6 show schematic diagrams of applications of the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an arrangement for transmitting video signals in accordance with the invention.
- the arrangement receives an o ⁇ gmal video signal V 0rg , which is applied to a first input terminal of an input selection switch 10, and a mark M, for example, a logo or a copy protection identifier, which is applied to a second input terminal of said switch.
- the selection switch 10 is controlled by a size and position control circuit 11 which determines the size and position of an image area m which the ongmal video signal is to be replaced by the mark M.
- the selection switch 10 applies the selected video signal to a mam MPEG encoder 12 to obtain an encoded modified signal Vmod-
- the arrangement further comp ⁇ ses an auxiliary MPEG encoder 13 for encoding the o ⁇ ginal video signal image area, which is not included in the modified signal V mod .
- this is achieved by a second selection switch 14, which is also controlled by the size and position control circuit 11 and applies the ongmal video signal V org to the second encoder 13 when the first encoder 12 encodes the mark.
- the MPEG encoders 12 and 13 include a bit rate control circuit (not shown) so as to produce substantially the same number of bits for the mark and the o ⁇ ginal video signal image area.
- the output of the second MPEG encoder 13 and data defining the size and position of the image area are multiplexed by a multiplexer 15 to form an encoded auxiliary video signal V aux .
- the preferred embodiment of the arrangement further comp ⁇ ses a data embedding circuit 16 for accommodating the encoded auxiliary video signal V aux in user data fields of the "mam" MPEG bitstream representing the modified signal V mo .
- a data embedding circuit 16 for accommodating the encoded auxiliary video signal V aux in user data fields of the "mam" MPEG bitstream representing the modified signal V mo .
- the embodiment of the arrangement for transmitting video signals receives the ongmal video signal in the pixel domain. This is not necessary
- Applicant's previously filed European patent applications 98400759.1 (PHF 98.544) and 98400802.9 (PHF 98 546) arrangements are proposed for inserting a logo in an already MPEG encoded video signal without requi ⁇ ng expensive full decoding of the bit stream.
- the ong al bits of the macroblocks at the location of the logo are saved and added to the bit stream in the form of user data fields.
- Fig. 2 shows the format of the output signal of the arrangement for transmitting video signals.
- the output signal comp ⁇ ses a sequence of encoded macroblocks 20 representing the o ⁇ ginal video signal.
- a subsequence of macroblocks 21 represents the image area containing the mark.
- Numeral 22 denotes a user data field USR which is accommodated in the bitstream.
- This field USR comp ⁇ ses a header 23 and a sequence of encoded macroblocks 24 representing the onginal video image part. More particularly, the header 23 includes:
- a start code SC to identify the start of a user data field.
- the MPEG standard provides the hexadecimal code 000001B2 for this purpose.
- - A replacement identifier RI to identify that the user data field includes video replacement data.
- Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an arrangement for removing the mark from the modified signal in accordance with the invention
- the arrangement receives the encoded composite video signal desc ⁇ bed above.
- the signal is applied to a control circuit 30, a buffer 31, and a first input terminal of a selection switch 32.
- the buffer output is connected to the second input terminal of the selection switch.
- the control circuit 30 controls wnting and reading of the buffer 31 through control lines RW.
- the circuit also controls the state of the selection switch 32 through a select line S
- the macroblocks 20 (see Fig. 2) representing the o ⁇ ginal video signal outside the modified image area are directly applied to the output of the arrangement
- a step 41 the control circuit checks the bitstream for the occurrence of the start code SC which identifies the start of a user data field If the start code has been detected, the control circuit reads the replacement identifier RI in a step 42 and checks whether RI identifies that the user data field contains video replacement data. If that is not the case, the circuit returns to the step 40 and awaits a next occurrence of the start code.
- the control circuit If RI identifies that the user data field contains video replacement data, the control circuit reads the numbers W2, W3 and W4 in a step 43. Then, in a step 44, the control circuit stores the macroblocks representing the ongmal video contents of the image area (24 in Fig. 2) in the buffer 30 The number of bytes to be stored in the buffer is determined by W4. Note that the buffer is fairly small because the image area covers a few macroblocks only. Du ⁇ ng this operation of wnting video data in the buffer, the control circuit may optionally fill the user data field in the output bitstream with arbitrary data The user data field is not removed so as to guarantee that a subsequent decoder input buffer does not overflow or underflow
- a step 45 the control circuit detects the end of the user data field on the basis of the field size W2
- the current macroblock address is compared with the start address of the image area as defined by the number W3 in a step 47
- the macroblocks representing the modified image area are replaced by the macroblocks representing the onginal video image
- the arcangement shown in Fig. 3 removes the mark from the modified video signal by simply replacing the macroblocks representing the modified image area by the replacement video macroblocks accommodated in user data fields It will be appreciated that this simple replace operation is performed successfully if the MPEG decoder does not use the relevant macroblocks as reference for decoding other pictures For this reason, the mark is preferably inserted in B-pictures only Alternatively, the relevant macroblocks are autonomously ( tra) encoded, mespective of the picture type.
- Fig 5 shows a schematic diagram of an application of the invention.
- a video program with a logo is broadcast in a first reception area and the same program without the logo is broadcast in a second environment.
- the system comp ⁇ ses an arrangement 50 which receives the onginal video signal and the logo.
- the arrangement 50 inserts the logo in the video signal in a manner as descnbed before with reference to Fig. 1. That is, the output signal is an MPEG encoded version of the modified signal but also includes the onginal contents of the replaced image area as an auxiliary signal.
- the output signal is distnubbed to a first broadcast station 51 which broadcasts the signal without further processing MPEG receivers receiving the signal from this station reproduce the video image with the logo.
- the signal from arrangement 50 is also distnubbed to a second broadcast station 51.
- This station compnses an arrangement 53 for removing the logo as descnbed above with reference to Fig. 3.
- the second station thus broadcasts the same program without the logo.
- An embedded watermark W to identify that the content is copy protected.
- the watermark can not be removed and indicates that the content may not be copied unless another mark T is present.
- Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a system to illustrate an advantageous copy protection scheme.
- the ticket T is added to an onginal video signal V org in the form of a particular modification of a given image area.
- the ticket is, for example, a particular pattern of high chrominance frequencies in a few of the lower or upper lines of the television image.
- a transmitter 61 broadcasts the modified signal as well as the auxiliary signal defining replacement video for the modified image area, in a format as descnbed above with reference
- the signal from transmitter 61 is received by a conventional receiving system comp ⁇ sing a tuner 62, a conventional set top box (MPEG decoder) 63, and a conventional analog video recorder 64.
- the MPEG decoder decodes the modified signal including the ticket and applies it to the video recorder in a conventional analog (RGB or YUN) signal format. Because the ticket contains high chrominance frequencies that are not recorded, the ticket is removed from the copy.
- the signal from transmitter 61 is also received by a novel receiving system comprising a tuner 65, a set top box 66, and a digital versatile disc (DVD) recorder 67.
- the novel set top box 66 comprises an arrangement 661 corresponding to the arrangement which is shown in Fig. 3.
- This arrangement removes the ticket T from the received signal and replaces it by the contents (preferably, the original video image area) accommodated in the user data field.
- the size of the MPEG stream is not changed thereby, so that virtual buffer regulations are complied with.
- the user data field is preferably filled with arbitrary data.
- the signal processed by the arrangement 661 is then recorded on the DVD recorder 67, either directly (if the recorder accepts the MPEG signal format) or via a conventional MPEG decoder 663.
- the DVD recorder is of a type which records an applied signal only if it is accompanied by a record enable control signal RE. This signal is generated by a ticket detection circuit 663 and applied to the recorder through a secure communication link 68, for example, an LEEE 1394 bus.
- the system shown in Fig. 6 prohibits making next generation copies of recorded material.
- An MPEG encoded program recorded on DVD can be re-applied to the set top box 66 and reproduced through the MPEG decoder 663. However, the program can not be recorded anymore because the ticket T has been removed. Similar considerations apply to the making of high quality (digital) copies of recordings made by the conventional video recorder 64. Because the ticket is absent from on the first generation copy, digital copying on new equipment such as DVD recorder 67 is not possible.
- an MPEG video stream which contains several slightly different programs, each with approximately the same content.
- the MPEG stream is constructed in such a manner that a simple transcoder can effectively select one of the programs. This is achieved by storing the differences relative to the default program in selected user data fields.
- the transcoder is little more than an MPEG bit stream parser, which replaces the bits corresponding to a selected set of macroblocks by the replacement data stored in the user data fields.
- a standard MPEG decoder without any knowledge of the embedded user data fields will simply extract the default program.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR9906757-9A BR9906757A (en) | 1998-09-02 | 1999-08-31 | Process for transmitting video signals and for decoding and transcoding a digital video signal, arrangement for transmitting, decoding and transcoding a video signal, and, video signal |
PL99340246A PL340246A1 (en) | 1998-09-02 | 1999-08-31 | Video signal transmission |
KR1020007004742A KR100677176B1 (en) | 1998-09-02 | 1999-08-31 | Video signal transmission |
JP2000569585A JP2002524985A (en) | 1998-09-02 | 1999-08-31 | Video signal transmission |
HU0004545A HU224095B1 (en) | 1998-09-02 | 1999-08-31 | Method and device for transmitting, decoding and transcoding video signal , further video signal |
EP99944573A EP1046296A1 (en) | 1998-09-02 | 1999-08-31 | Video signal transmission |
AU57435/99A AU5743599A (en) | 1998-09-02 | 1999-08-31 | Video signal transmission |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98202942 | 1998-09-02 | ||
EP98202942.3 | 1998-09-02 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000014967A1 true WO2000014967A1 (en) | 2000-03-16 |
Family
ID=8234083
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1999/006417 WO2000014967A1 (en) | 1998-09-02 | 1999-08-31 | Video signal transmission |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7336712B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1046296A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002524985A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100677176B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1196337C (en) |
AR (1) | AR025270A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5743599A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9906757A (en) |
HU (1) | HU224095B1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL340246A1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2232482C2 (en) |
TW (1) | TW486911B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000014967A1 (en) |
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- 1999-08-31 CN CNB998019933A patent/CN1196337C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-08-31 PL PL99340246A patent/PL340246A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-08-31 EP EP99944573A patent/EP1046296A1/en active Pending
- 1999-08-31 BR BR9906757-9A patent/BR9906757A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-08-31 AU AU57435/99A patent/AU5743599A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-08-31 RU RU2000114175/09A patent/RU2232482C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-08-31 JP JP2000569585A patent/JP2002524985A/en active Pending
- 1999-08-31 KR KR1020007004742A patent/KR100677176B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-08-31 HU HU0004545A patent/HU224095B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1046296A1 (en) | 2000-10-25 |
PL340246A1 (en) | 2001-01-29 |
AR025270A1 (en) | 2002-11-20 |
RU2232482C2 (en) | 2004-07-10 |
AU5743599A (en) | 2000-03-27 |
HUP0004545A2 (en) | 2001-04-28 |
TW486911B (en) | 2002-05-11 |
CN1287748A (en) | 2001-03-14 |
CN1196337C (en) | 2005-04-06 |
JP2002524985A (en) | 2002-08-06 |
HUP0004545A3 (en) | 2002-09-30 |
US7336712B1 (en) | 2008-02-26 |
HU224095B1 (en) | 2005-05-30 |
BR9906757A (en) | 2000-09-26 |
KR20010031681A (en) | 2001-04-16 |
KR100677176B1 (en) | 2007-02-05 |
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