WO2000029966A1 - Unified computing and communication architecture (ucca) - Google Patents
Unified computing and communication architecture (ucca) Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000029966A1 WO2000029966A1 PCT/US1999/027587 US9927587W WO0029966A1 WO 2000029966 A1 WO2000029966 A1 WO 2000029966A1 US 9927587 W US9927587 W US 9927587W WO 0029966 A1 WO0029966 A1 WO 0029966A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
- H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
- H04L69/322—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
- H04L69/329—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the application layer [OSI layer 7]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/08—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
- H04L63/0861—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities using biometrical features, e.g. fingerprint, retina-scan
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/10—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for controlling access to devices or network resources
- H04L63/104—Grouping of entities
Definitions
- the present invention relates to computer based communication architectures and, more particularly, to a full-duplex real-time multiple point-to-point and multiple point-to-multi-point communication network topology that facilitates the seamless integration of audio, video, imagery, data, and user interaction into the computer based communication process through controlled Quality of Service (QoS) packet-based data transfers.
- QoS Quality of Service
- Unified Computing and Communication Architecture is to deliver a computer based communication solution that supports the required information flow and allows the creation of content, management of content, distribution of content, security of content, and the assessment of the use of content.
- a heightened level of communication is essential in the context of group collaboration and training.
- a subject matter expert must communicate content in a dynamic manner and manage and encourage the interaction of multiple participants.
- the subject matter expert must facilitate the interaction, preferably approximating face to face collaboration or "hands-on" learning.
- the subject matter expert must have the capability to monitor the level of participation or success of individual participants and the group as a whole. Thus, the assessment capability becomes crucial.
- the perfect network would simultaneously facilitate the creation, management, distribution, security, and assessment of use of a diverse array of content.
- the experience When participating in a communication session using this network, the experience would be as dynamic and effective as two or more people conducting direct personal communication. Two or more individuals communicating in real time and fully collaborating in a "hands-on" situation represents the highest possible communication bandwidth. It occurs in real time, is fully two-way interactive, and generates the required stimulation that all humans need to effectively retain information.
- assessment is the most critical aspect of this information flow process. Of all of these capabilities, assessment has the most direct impact on measuring success and increasing both the productivity and efficiency of any process. For example, a medical treatment plan, a course series, a production line, a distribution channel, a combat mission, and a consumer marketing campaign all have a common need for assessment to determine if they were successful. There can be no continuous improvement of productivity and efficiency of any process without assessment.
- Satellites are too complex and expensive when deployed in a real-time two-way fashion.
- Cable TN plants are one-way.
- LAN, WAN, and Internet technologies are statistically based and cannot deliver any of the guarantees of Quality of Service (QoS), performance, security, and reliability that are required to solve the information flow problem.
- QoS Quality of Service
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual model of a managed information flow solution ideally suited for collaboration and training over a distributed computer based communication network. Generally, the participation of six different denominations is required.
- a Manager initiates sessions, performs session management, delivers content to one or more Participants (Users or Students) in the form of real-time audio, video, graphics, text, etc., and manages assessment and feedback from the Participants (Users or Students) of a session.
- the Participants first authenticate themselves in a network centric fashion.
- the Participants can communicate directly with a Manager (Moderator or Teacher) or any number of other Participants (Users or Students) in real-time in a variety of ways during an active session.
- the Participants receive, add, edit, and interact with content and provide feedback in real-time to allow individual and group assessment of progress by the respective Manager (Moderator or Teacher).
- the Network Administrator creates new network accounts and maintains the network's accounts, security and billing through analysis of an audit trail of all network access.
- Auxiliary Communications are available to provide legacy and alternative communication capabilities. This includes Internet, telephone, facsimile, television, Cable TV, radio, etc.
- Content Developer is responsible for producing the diverse array of content for use and delivery by any number of Managers (Moderators or Teachers) and Participants (Users or Students).
- the above-described '553 patent only provides a partial software solution in the form of a communication protocol.
- the '553 patent does not teach or suggest how to implement the software on a network architecture for dynamic real time multi-user communication.
- a true point-to-multi-point communication network must seamlessly integrate the following capabilities into the computer communication process by packet-based communication: advanced video conferencing; distributed 2D and 3D image manipulation; distributed virtual reality; advanced data manipulation; and a streamlined content development process that also facilitiates efficient content distribution.
- Such an architecture would allow simultaneously the full participation of a session Manager (Moderator or Teacher), authenticated Participants (Users or Students), a Network Administrator, a Help Desk, any necessary Auxiliary Communication Services, and Content Developers. All of these denominations would have simultaneous and seamless point-to-point and point-to-multi-point communication capabilities within the network, inclusive of all communication formats (audio, video, imagery, data, etc.), and substantially in real-time.
- UCA Unified Computing and Communication Architecture
- QoS Quality of Service
- a UCCA is herein disclosed which is comprised of one or more interconnected Service Cells.
- a Service Cell is comprised of one or more Registry Servers, optionally one or more Special Purpose Servers, a plurality of Clients (communication terminals) all connected to one central Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) non-blocking switch array.
- Each Client is comprised of one or more supercomputer class host processors, a digital camera, speakers, a microphone, one or more displays, high speed data storage, a biometrics verification device, and an advanced ATM based communication interface for dedicated connection to the respective Service Cell's central ATM switch.
- a Client can be in multiple forms like a desktop computer, a wireless handheld device, or an interface device to a peripheral like a High Definition Television (HDTN) monitor.
- Each Registry Server is comprised of a computer connected to a scalable ultra-high speed data storage array with an advanced ATM based communication card for dedicated connection to the respective Service Cell's central ATM switch.
- the data controlled by the Registry Servers is mirrored across their respective data storage arrays and each Registry Server controls a predetermined maximum number of simultaneous Client connections.
- Each Client is served directly in a two-way point-to-point fashion by a permanently assigned Registry Server through the ATM switch using a full-duplex Switched Virtual Circuit (SNC) or Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC) between the Client and its assigned Registry Server.
- SNC Switched Virtual Circuit
- PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit
- a Special Purpose Server is comprised of the same elements as a Registry Server, but both network and stored data access is statistically based from any Client's perspective within the respective Service Cell.
- a plurality of network and client services are maintained by each Service Cell to ensure the proper information management flow.
- the network services include availability, quality, reliability, serviceability, maintainability, extensibility, authentication services, security services, registry services, high availability services, fault tolerance services, resource management services, bandwidth management services, data storage services, communication services, Internet services, telephony services, and supercomputing services.
- the client services include contact services, session management services, session status services, scheduling services, audio services, video services, message services, chat services, assessment services, projection services, collaboration services, presentation services, authoring services, asset management services, Internet services, media services, help services, network management services, service administration services, security services, telephony services, simulation and gaming services, and supercomputing services.
- the UCCA of the present invention has the processing power to more closely approximate reality. Moreover, the present communication architecture lends itself to cross-platform operation with numerous different computer operating systems, computer architectures, communication protocols, and ways to physically network computers. The communication infrastructure is backward compatible and upgradeable without changing how a user interacts with the solution. In addition the UCCA can be continuously upgraded via software eliminating the need for frequent hardware upgrades necessary to periodically add new services and functionality.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual model of an effective managed information flow solution.
- FIG. 2 is a communication flow diagram of the UCCA according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a minimally configured Service Cell 10 inclusive of a single Registry Server 30-1.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the various dedicated communication data paths that are capable of connecting the Clients Al-An to their respective Service Cell.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a single Service Cell with a plurality of Registry Servers
- FIG. 6 illustrates the communication protocol layers employed by the advanced ATM based communication interface used in the Registry Servers, Special Purpose Servers, and Clients.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the array of interrelated Network and
- the Universal Computing and Communication Architecture to be described herein includes the foundational network infrastructure plus the network and client services services that "converge" traditional voice, email, video conferencing, facsimile, and data networks.
- the resulting UCCA allows a diverse array of content to be created, distributed, managed, secured, and its use assessed through a true two-way real-time guaranteed access multiple point-to-point and multiple point-to-multi-point communication network.
- the UCCA of the present invention is described herein in the particular context of a managed information flow solution ideal for collaboration and training, although it should be understood that the system is not so limited in scope.
- the system implements the communication flow diagram of FIG. 2.
- the system facilitates the participation of six active denominations of Registered Users 1-6.
- the Manager (Moderator or Teacher) 1 initiates sessions, performs session management and control, delivers course content to multiple users in the form of real-time audio, video, imagery, text, etc., conducts assessment, and monitors the assessment results and session feedback from the Participants (Users or Students) 3.
- the Network Administrator 4 maintains the accounts and privileges of all Registered Users 1-6.
- the Network Administrator 4 conducts the initial registration of all Registered Users 1 -6 employing the use of a biometrics device like a fingerprint scanner.
- the Network Administrator 4 also maintains the audit trail of all usage by Registered Users 1-6.
- the Participants (Users or Students) 3 authenticate themselves to the network through a combination of biometrics device and password authentication, after which all authorized communication services are published for their immediate access.
- a Collaboration Moderator 2 moderates an active collaborative session that involves multiple participants working together on common information using the system described herein. Any Registered User 1-6 can at some point be tasked by a Manager (Moderator or Teacher) 1 or an active Collaboration Moderator 2 to moderate an active communication session which gives them the privilege to manage, control, and terminate a session.
- a Help Desk 5 is available to all Registered Users 1-6 for any problems that might arise.
- One or more Content Developers 6 are responsible for producing course content and media for delivery by the Manager (Moderator or Teacher) 1, and in some cases a single Registered User may fill the roles of both Content Developer 6 and Manager (Moderator or Teacher) 1.
- an Applicant (New User or Student) 7 may seek an account on a
- Auxiliary Communication Services 8 are available to provide direct access to legacy technologies like Internet services and telephony services during any active UCCA hosted communication session.
- a Registered User on a Client if granted the privilege, has on demand access to any or all published Auxiliary Communication Services 8.
- Any Media 9 destined for use as a component of registered and published content is stored on Registry Servers that comprise each Service Cell 10-l ...n (to be described). This facilitates usage assessment (also quizzes and exams) and the tracking of copyright protected media in the managed information flow process.
- the network integrates the following media capabilities into the computer based communication process through controlled Quality of Service (QoS) packet-based data transfers:
- QoS Quality of Service
- the UCCA supports the distribution of high resolution full motion video using less bandwidth.
- the higher computational and data throughput power of each Client supports higher compression ratios and lower latency. This also facilitates real-time manipulation of any video stream. The ability to draw over, zoom, record, or even conduct image recognition is possible.
- the UCCA can employ two-way real-time video in any size point-to-multi- point communication session and does not have any of the disadvantages or limitations of existing video bridging or one-way video broadcast solutions.
- VR Distributed Virtual Reality
- the UCCA can support true photo realistic VR in real-time.
- any size group can interact with the same VR scene simultaneously in real-time.
- the present architecture provides the feedback and visualization of an experience that can more accurately reflect reality.
- - Advanced Data Manipulation The present architecture supports the ability to index, search, and analyze large volumes of data at ultra-high speeds. For example, during a communication session, data supporting 3D charts can be multicast to the appropriate Clients in real-time allowing critical data to be easily visualized by a group.
- the present architecture facilitates the streamlined creation and efficient distribution of a diverse array of content, including the ability to edit video clips, create 3D simulations, or create VR scenes.
- the above is only a partial list of the seamless integration of audio, video, imagery, data, and user interaction the present invention supports.
- FIG. 2 The communication and information flow diagram of FIG. 2 is implemented by a unique distributed network architecture that simultaneously supports multiple point-to-point and multiple point-to-multi-point real-time full-duplex connections without any network performance degradation.
- This network architecture according to the present invention will now be described with reference to Figs. 3-7.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a minimally configured Service Cell 10 inclusive of a single
- Client Communication Terminals e.g., "Clients”
- the Registry Server 30-1 is assigned the responsibility of delivering guaranteed network and data access to a defined maximum number of Clients Al, A2... An. In FIG. 3 the maximum number of
- Clients is presented as 80, e.g., Al, A2...A80.
- Each Client Al, A2...A80 has a Switch Virtual Circuit (SVC) or Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC) with Quality of Service (QoS) features that allow real-time communication through the ATM Switch 60 with its respective Registry Server 30-1.
- SVC Switch Virtual Circuit
- PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit
- QoS Quality of Service
- the total full-duplex data rates of all Clients Al, A2...A80 cannot exceed the Registry Server's ability to deliver content and services at 100% bandwidth utilization. Therefore, the maximum number of Clients Al, A2...An per Registry Server 30-1 is restricted by the Registry Server's ability to guarantee data delivery for an established suite of communication services.
- VPs Virtual Paths
- VCs Virtual Circuits
- Dedicated Data Path 130 Various types are possible as will be described. In existing highly distributed environments, particularly in the continental United States, small ATM switches are typically employed in Local Central Offices. Dedicated Data Path 130 relies on a local central office ATM switch 27 to concentrate the ATM traffic from Clients Al, A2...A80 through an existing Communication Backbone 40 for direct connectivity to ATM Switch 60.
- the ATM Switch 60 is "non-blocking" in that any simultaneous point-to-point and point-to-multi-point SVC combination is supported.
- any Client Al, A2...An can establish a full-duplex point-to-point communication session with any other Client in a Service Cell 10 in a non-blocking (guaranteed access) fashion.
- One Client Al, A2...A80 can establish a communication session simultaneously with every other Client in a Service Cell 10. Multiple point-to-multi-point communication sessions between Clients Al, A2...A80 can be conducted simultaneously without performance degradation being experienced by any session participants.
- every Client Al, A2...A80 has non-blocked (guaranteed) access to content and services delivered by their respective Registry Server.
- ATM is a transport protocol, e.g., a way of transmitting data, voice, and video from one place to another.
- ATM is the international standard for cell relay, a fast-packet switching technology. It has inherent advantages in that it transports voice, video, and data traffic on a common circuit, and it delivers bandwidth on demand.
- Other types of networks are circuit-oriented, for delivering isochronous information like video or voice, or packet-oriented, for high-speed data transmission. These circuit switched networks guarantee end-to-end delivery and response times, but they waste expensive bandwidth. Isochronous packet switching optimizes the use of bandwidth, but has variable packet delivery times. Thus, packet switching can be unsuitable for isochronous traffic because of the amount of delay between packets, resulting in jittery transmissions.
- ATM combines the reliability of circuit switching with the efficiency of packet switching.
- ATM segments packets into 53-byte cells. The packets are switched onto paths operating at up to multiple gigabits-per-second.
- the ATM technology is well suited for both local campus LANs and Wide Area Networks (WANs) as set forth herein.
- ATM Switch 60 is preferably a non-blocking Enterprise ATM switch.
- ATM Switch 60 should comply with the current ATM Forum, ATM User-Network Interface Specification, International 20 Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T), and European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) specifications and recommendations.
- ITU-T International 20 Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector
- ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
- ASX-4000 40 GBytes per second non-blocking ATM Switch is well suited and supports up to 15,000 Clients each with a 1.28 Mbps full-duplex connection.
- C. Communication Backbone 40 The use of the ATM based Communication Backbone 40 with defined Client/Registry Server ratios eliminates the need for hubs, routers, bridges, inverse multiplexers, and ensures that the present system can guarantee Quality of Service (QoS) between any two Clients within a single Service Cell 10. This is essential for networked multimedia applications, which require strict control over network latency and jitter.
- QoS Quality of Service
- the QoS guarantee of ATM together with its cell based operation, enable the deployment of a single, multi-service network on which all traffic types — voice, video and data — can be transported in real time, hence reducing the cost, complexity and geographical constraints associated with conventional networks.
- the physical infrastructure of the network typically dictates the physical LAN segment to which a terminal can be connected.
- proximate users must be placed on the same LAN.
- the physical and logical topologies of an ATM network are not interdependent, and this creates a more flexible training environment and facilitates network administration.
- the UCCA sees no distinction between LAN and WAN. A user on a Client Al cannot discern the difference between communicating with another user on a Client A2 in the next room or a user on a Client A3 that is 4,000 miles away.
- the Clients A1-A80 are the communication terminals for the Managers (Moderators or Teachers), Participants (Users or Students), Network Administrators, Help Desk, and Content Developers.
- Each of Clients A1-A80 is a specialized computer that employs a Digital Camera 120, speakers, microphone, one or more displays, a Biometrics Device 125 (fingerprint scanner, retina scanner, etc.), and sufficient host processing power and data throughput capacity to simultaneously deliver a rich mix of audio, video, graphics, virtual reality, documents, and data.
- the Digital Camera 120 is preferably a high-resolution FireWire video camera available from several vendors. FireWire is one of the fastest peripheral standards ever developed, which makes it well suited for use with multimedia peripherals such as video camcorders and other high-speed devices. FireWire supports a low latency way to introduce video into a network, critical for the UCCA requirements, and includes integrated Quality of Service (QoS) control. This requires each Client to have one or more IEEE-1394 compliant FireWire ports.
- the Biometrics Device 125 is preferably a Universal Serial Bus (USB) fingerprint scanner currently available from several vendors.
- USB Universal Serial Bus
- a USB based biometrics device supports a lower cost, ease of integration, and due to the single event interrupt nature of the authentication process represents an appropriate use of the USB technology and its bandwidth limitations. This requires each Client to have one or more USB ports.
- the preferred desktop computer variant of the Client A1-A80 is a computer platform that supports one or more of the Motorola MPC-7400 PowerPCTM processors as the host processor array.
- the MPC-7400 includes the 128 bit AltiVecTM execution unit and the processor is classified as a supercomputer. IBM is a second source for the PowerPCTM with AltiVecTM processor.
- the overall PowerPCTM based computer architecture with Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP), Peripheral Component Interface (PCI) bus, USB, and FireWire is an industry standard and is available from multiple vendors.
- the PowerPC platform runs all major operating systems in use today allowing all Macintosh, Unix, and Windows applications to be used in the UCCA environment. This provides greater support for legacy applications for organizations making the transition to the next generation capabilities of the UCCA.
- Motorola's AltiVecTM technology expands the capabilities of the PowerPC platform by providing leading edge, general-purpose processing performance while concurrently addressing high-bandwidth data processing and algorithmic-intensive computations in a single-chip solution.
- the MPC-7400 processor can process 128-bit data, instead of the smaller 32-bit or 64-bit data as used in previous processors.
- a single 450 MHz MPC-7400 processor can perform floating-point calculations at a rate as high as 4.5 billion operations per second and integer calculations as high as 21 billion operations per second.
- the MPC-7400 works in concert with the PowerPC platform to accelerate data-intensive processing required to simultaneously deliver voice, video, and data.
- the present architecture employs "QoS-to-the-Client" due to ATM's Quality of Service (QoS) capabilities and ability to converge voice, video, and data over a single direct physical or wireless connection.
- QoS Quality of Service
- the Client A1-A80 connections are accomplished with a PCI bus based ATM Communications Interface 25 installed in each Client A1-A80.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the various types of Dedicated Data Paths 130 that are suited for use in connecting Clients Al-AN to a Service Cell 10.
- the Client ATM Communications Interface 25 (see Fig. 3) should support all of these inclusive of Tl, El, DS-3, OC-3, OC-12, SDSL, MMDS wireless, LMDS wireless, satellite. Further connectivity standards are being developed now.
- QoS Quality of Service
- ATM over Tl, El, DS-3, etc. is low cost, fast, reliable, and has become standard internationally.
- a number of hardware variants of the Clients Al- A80 to fulfill the various needs of the six different denominations 1-6 of FIG. 2.
- the standard configuration is designed for high volume applications where cost is an issue.
- the variants include different peripherals, more memory, larger hard disk drives, more displays, and other additional components as required.
- a Content Development Client configuration can include conventional multimedia peripherals like a flatbed scanner and a document camera. This configuration allows the Content Developer 6 to create content and services for a Service Cell using a wider source of media.
- the preferred desktop computer variant of the Client A1-A80 has two displays.
- the additional display real estate eliminates "mode" switching allowing full motion video to coexist with other media and interactive controls simultaneously.
- the current desktop computer Client embodiment can deliver in a real-time two-way fashion 320 by 240 pixel (4:2:2 YUV per pixel) Digital Camera 120 source video at 30 frames per second in two 1,024 by 768 pixel (32 bit per pixel) video windows (one video window in each display).
- a Client using a single MPC-7400 processor can do this consuming less than 512 Kbps of bandwidth for both the video and audio. This is done with the help of a symmetrical software-only Wavelet video compression/decompression program ("CODEC").
- Clients Al-80 can include a portable Client, a handheld wireless Client, and a Client designed as a HDTV interface using one or more MPC-7400 processors. Extending the physical configuration of the Client for use in any possible operating environment is essential to meet the desired level of flexibility and applicability.
- the Registry Server 30-1 is a computing platform identical in most respects to the Clients Al-80, and likewise inclusive of one or more processors with peripheral chipset and motherboard. However, the Registry Server 30-1 is uniquely configured with a PCI bus based Advanced ATM Communication Interface 32 connected to the motherboard for dedicated connection to the ATM Switch 60. In addition, Registry Server 30-1 are uniquely configured with an ultra-high speed data storage array 36. More than one Registry Server 30-1..n may be used to support each Service Cell 10. The Registry Servers 30-1..n represent the repository for course content, services, and accumulated usage data (audit trails). Each of Registry Servers 30-l..n is intentionally designed to control a maximum number of Clients with the current embodiment employing 80 Client A1-A80 connections.
- the preferred ATM Communication Interface 32 for the Registry Server 30-1 should be capable of delivering OC-12 (622 Mbps) full-duplex ATM capacity through a direct fiber optic connection to the ATM Switch 60. Alternate embodiments may include OC-48 and OC-192 fiber optic connectivity. All Registry Server content is stored on conventional RAID 5 arrays such as a hard disk drive array 36, which is connected by an ANSI standard Fibre Channel to a fibre controller card 33 resident in the Registry Server 30. Suitable fibre controller cards 33 need to deliver greater than 100 MBytes per second sustained capacity.
- each Service Cell 10 must be to able to scale to any desired number of simultaneous users. This entails connecting multiple Registry Servers 30 and their respective plurality of Clients A1-A80 in a building block fashion.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a plurality of Registry Servers 30-1...3 as necessary to manage the desired number of Clients A1-A80, B1-80....N1-80.
- each Client Al- A80 has an ATM Communication Interface 25, and it is in turn connected through the Communication Backbone 40 to ATM Switch 60.
- the purpose of the ATM is not limited to the context of the Service Cell of FIG. 5, the purpose of the ATM
- Communication Interface 25 is to "Abstract" the communication layer so the Clients A1-N80 are not aware of the type of Dedicated Data Path 130 being used to connect to their respective Registry Server 30- l..n. This provides the flexibility to use the most cost-effective connectivity service that is available or desired in any given area.
- a Campus ATM Switch 55 may be used to "concentrate” the respective Client's full-duplex ATM streams into a single data stream. In this case, either a direct connection to the ATM Switch 60 is possible or a higher bandwidth ATM connection 47 is established through the Communication Backbone 40 to the ATM Switch 60.
- the single ATM Switch 60 provides the necessary non-blocking connectivity to make a plurality of Registry Servers 30-1...3 look like a single "Virtual Server" to the Service Cell's entire base of Client stations Al ...N80.
- Using the above-described Virtual Server configuration provides the following advantages: i. Provides greater reliability through hardware and data redundancy, ii. Limiting the number of Clients simultaneously connected to a Registry Server and dedicates greater processing power and subsequently greater performance to each Client Al ...N80. iii. Clients Al ...N80 are guaranteed access to their Registry Server 30-1...N at full communication bandwidth (not a statistically based solution). iv. The incremental capital cost to support additional Clients in a Service Cell is very low.
- the Registry Server 30 software (due to network topology advantages) is dramatically smaller and subsequently more robust.
- Data packet latency is finite and controllable due to the symmetry of the Service Cell topology.
- vii. Supports dynamic and unlimited scalability of the Service Cell.
- viii. The architecture provides the necessary Quality of Service (QoS) and reliability required of mission critical real-time communications.
- QoS Quality of Service
- Special Purpose Servers 30-4 facilitates statistically based access to services as is currently used by the Internet.
- a Special Purpose Server 30-4 is identical in every respect to a Registry Server 30-1 with the exception that the content and services it manages are not mirrored and that any Client may access its content and services in a first come first served fashion. As too many Clients N1-N80 access the Special Purpose Server 30-4, its performance will begin to degrade. For content and services that only a small number of Clients will require or where access is restricted to the appropriately small percentage of Clients, the Special Purpose Server approach can be employed within a Service Cell. The approach also presents an ideal way to integrate low performance and unreliable legacy technologies like Microsoft Windows NTTM based services during a transition to a complete UCCA implementation.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the communication protocol approach employed by the ATM Communication Interface 25 used in each Client and the ATM Communication Interface 32 used in both the Registry Servers 30-1...3 and the Special Purpose Server 30-4.
- the ATM Communication Interface 25 and 32 uses one or more embedded versions of the MPC-7400 or other embedded processor that provides the necessary computational power.
- the communication protocol used in the UCCA according to the present invention strives to make more efficient use of less bandwidth by employing a multi-layered approach.
- a typical Windows NTTM server can only utilize 3% of a Gigabit Ethernet data path.
- PentiumTM processor's computational limitations combined with the inefficient implementation of the communication protocol stack in software by the Window's operating system represents a barrier to the delivery of real-time full-duplex converged communication as accomplished by the present invention. Adding additional bandwidth to a Windows NTTM network will not increase performance or productivity. What is needed is more efficient utilization of bandwidth necessary to take advantage of the current global investment in copper, fiber, and wireless spectrum.
- the top layer abstracts the complexity of the ATM Communication Interface 25 and 32 from the developers of Registry Server 30 software and by developers of Client Al ...N80 software. Instead of a developer having to understand how to establish rate control, flow control, multipoint session addressing, and precise control of Quality of Service (QoS) they focus on delivering a more powerful set of services to the end users of the UCCA.
- QoS Quality of Service
- the next layer is the industry standard X/Open Transport Interface (XTI) currently employed by several major server and server software vendors.
- XTI X/Open Transport Interface
- This layer acts as a further abstraction layer to the underlying communication protocols. Blocks of data can be presented to and received from the Application Layer to be subsequently processed appropriately by the XTI layer.
- TCP Transmission Control Protocol
- UDP User Datagram Protocol
- IP Internet Protocol
- TCP Transmission Control Protocol
- UDP User Datagram Protocol
- IP Internet Protocol
- XTP eXpress Transport Protocol version 4.0 is used to deliver rate control, superior flow control, and first class multipoint management services over ATM. Note that TCP, UDP, IP and XTP are layered over the ATM transport layer.
- XTP has been shown to deliver as much as 83%o greater performance over the traditional Internet than the TCP/IP combination. Also note that XTP can reside over IP as well as directly over ATM. Finally, note in FIG.6 the "Future Protocol" block.
- a unique characteristic of the powerful ATM Communication Interface 25 and 32 in the context of the " ATM-to-the-Client" architecture of the UCCA is the ability to add secure data transmissions to the UCCA with absolutely no impact on performance.
- the ATM Communication Interfaces 25 and 32 preferably utilize a real-time ATM cell encryption process.
- a number of industry standard encryption algorithms can be employed.
- the Federal Government of the United States may specify and employ their own algorithms in a controlled fashion.
- Frees the host processor(s) of the Client to deliver real-time multimedia services and in general deliver greater performance to simultaneous user actions ii Provides the ability to effectively deliver greater than 100% bandwidth utilization of any given data path Through sufficient computational power in the ATM Communication Interface the Peak Cell Rate (PCR) can be continuously sustained Through the use of real-time compression and decompression by the Client's host processor any given data path can effectively send and receive data at a rate greater than the PCR iii
- PCR Peak Cell Rate
- an array of interrelated software services are provided as shown in FIG. 7 to deliver managed information flow.
- Certain software services are resident on the Registry Server 30-1, and certain on the Clients Al-80 as shown.
- the particular software services provided (as will be described) and the allocation between Network resident and Client resident supports a higher level of information flow throughout the network and delivers distributed collaboration for any purpose, to facilitate effective education and training, and to provide a complete array of productivity multipliers that preserve resources, eliminate travel, etc.
- the types and residency of the Network and Client services also allows them to be continuously upgradeable entirely in software.
- the collective goal of these Network and Client Services is to deliver a solution so robust that each of the above-described Service Cells 10 and all accompanying complexities become completely transparent to its users.
- Network and Client Services ensure that the information gets to the right people at the right time and that the assessment of that process also gets to the right people at the right time.
- the Services are organized into two major categories consisting of Network Services 200 and Client Services 400.
- Network Services 200 represents the functionality derived from the implementation of the Service Cell 10 design or from written software running on the Registry Servers 30 and available to all users of a Service Cell 10 on demand.
- An array of Network Services 200 work together, and these may be classified according to the functions they accomplish as follows: (1) Availability 210; (2) Quality 220; (3) Reliability 230; (4) Serviceability 240; (5) Maintainability 250; (6) Extensibility 260;
- Resource Management Services 320 (13) Bandwidth Management Services 330; (14) Data Storage Services 340; (15) Communication Services 350; (16) Internet Services 360; (17) Telephony Services 370; (18) Supercomputing Services 380.
- (1) Availability 210 As described above, a full-duplex CBR SVC data path is guaranteed between each Client Al ...N80 and its assigned Registry Server 30-1...N. Moreover, the number of Clients connected to a single Registry Server 30 is limited to the point where there is no measurable degradation in access performance in a worst case usage scenario. This way, access to all users and content is on demand and access is not restricted by statistical availability, by the location in which service is provided, by the time zone in which the service is provided, or by the time of day. The speed of data delivery in each direction between a Client A1-A80 and its respective Registry Server 30 and between any Clients A1-A80 is maintained at an absolute minimum value that is constant within each Service Cell 10.
- the "Minimum Client Bandwidth" value is established for each Service Cell at a rate necessary to meet the information flow needs of its respective users.
- the speed of data delivery in each direction between the Registry Servers 30 within a Service Cell 10 is maintained at an absolute minimum value that is constant within each Service Cell 10.
- the "Minimum Server Bandwidth" value should be established for each Service Cell 10 at a rate necessary to meet the information flow needs of its respective users.
- the actual speed of data delivery between the Client A1-A80 and its respective Registry Server 30, between Clients A1-A80, and between Registry Servers 30 within a Service Cell 10 is scalable to any value above the respective "Minimum Client Bandwidth" and "Minimum Server Bandwidth" values.
- any Client A1-A80 can establish on demand a two-way data path with any other Client A1-A80 within a Service Cell 10.
- a Service Cell 10 can support the simultaneous establishment of as many two-way data paths between any two Clients A1-A80 as there are total Clients divided by two (rounded down to an integer).
- Any Client Al-80 can send content one-way to any number of other Clients within a Service Cell 10.
- a Service Cell 10 is able to support the simultaneous establishment of multiple point-to-multi-point connections with the total number of connections determined by taking 75%o of the Service Cell's Minimum Server Bandwidth and dividing it by its Minimum Client Bandwidth (rounded down to an integer).
- a Client A1-A80 may physically reside anywhere globally and operate without any perceptible difference in performance in comparison to any other Client A1-A80 within its Service Cell 10.
- the UCCA has the ability to simultaneously transmit and receive 4:2:2 YUV formatted digital video at 30 frames per second between any two Clients A1-A80 within a Service Cell 10.
- the system also has the ability to simultaneously transmit and receive Compact Disc (CD) formatted audio between any two Clients A1-A80 within a Service Cell.
- CD Compact Disc
- the system supports precise synchronization of audio and video for any transmission that requires it.
- the compression, decompression, and transmission of QoS sensitive data is implemented completely in software and shall undergo continuous quality improvement.
- the one way transit time for a single data packet between any two Clients Al -A80 within a Service Cell is below one tenth of a second (0.1 second).
- the time it takes for QoS sensitive data (audio and video) to be captured and encapsulated into a data packet ready for network transmission within a Client is below one tenth of a second (0.1 second).
- the time it takes for QoS sensitive data (audio and video) received by a Client's network interface to be presented to a user is below one tenth of a second (0.1 second). This way, a user shall never have to wait more than one second (1 second) to see a response or the status of an action or request.
- the reliability of the present system is a function of the network infrastructure, data delivery, stored data, and the processes that are layered over the service to maintain its overall integrity.
- the following are reliability considerations that are taken into account.
- the Registry Servers 30 that comprise a Service Cell 10 preferably reside in climate controlled, secure facilities that possess redundant power supplies. The balance between the number of users, worst case usage scenarios, processing power per user, data throughput of all hardware, and network latency are maintained all of the time to guarantee that all users get 99.99% of data they request on demand. A backup copy of all of the data that resides on a Registry Server is to be maintained at all times. Remote control, diagnosis, and failure recovery for any Client or Registry Server is to be provided.
- the software preferably employs the following measures to increase serviceability. All hardware employed within a Service Cell 10 possesses an integrated capability that facilitates remote monitoring of operational status. Every Registry Server 30-1..n and Client A1-N80 can report the catastrophic failure of a UCCA written software application. At the Client Al ...N80 level, failures are tracked and maintained in the Service Cell 10 usage data maintained by the Registry Services (described below) and subsequently managed by the Network Management Services
- An "Event” that is designated as important for network usage uniquely identifies the user, the Client Al ...N80, the time the Event occurred, and other critical items of information before it is recorded on the Client Al ...N80 and/or sent to the Registry Servers 30 for storage by the Registry Services.
- Event that is designated as important for network usage uniquely identifies the user, the Client Al ...N80, the time the Event occurred, and other critical items of information before it is recorded on the Client Al ...N80 and/or sent to the Registry Servers 30 for storage by the Registry Services.
- Registry Services The Registry Services has a "Usage” class that maintains the generated and transmitted events.
- the "Failure Events” are managed by the Registry Services.
- Rapid Response Team It is presently preferred that a Rapid Response Team (a team of programmers) remain available to reproduce and solve the software failures. Using the stored copies of Events leading up to the failure the Rapid Response Team can reproduce the failure. Once the Rapid Response Team solves a problem, the corrected code is to be validated and distributed to the appropriate Service Cells 10. The following summarizes the hardware failure monitoring process and mechanisms:
- Registry Services has an "Equipment" class that maintains the history of any piece of hardware that comprises a Service Cell 10.
- the Network Management Services (to be described below) are used by the UCCA's Network Operations Center staff to monitor the history of hardware failures.
- the Network Management Services has the ability to periodically poll each piece of hardware that comprises a Service Cell 10.
- the UCCA preferably employs the following measures to increase maintainability. Additional ATM Switches 60 and 55, Registry Servers 30, and Clients A1-A80 are preferably integrated, burned in, tested, and staged in strategic locations to facilitate rapid major component replacement in the least amount of time.
- the system preferably employs the following measures to increase extensibility (the ability to scale the capacity or add new functionality to the system).
- Each Client Al ...N80 is capable of delivering a minimum of 15 billion operations per second to facilitate the widest possible addition of new real-time services through automated software upgrades.
- each Client A1...N80 delivers a minimum of 600 megabytes per second (600 MBytes/Sec) throughput between its processor(s) and main memory.
- Each Client Al ...N80 provides a minimum of 256 megabytes (256 MBytes) of main memory, and a minimum of 18 gigabytes (18 GBytes) of hard disk drive capacity.
- the System Administrator should maintain a number of Registry Servers 30 equivalent to 20% of the total global installed base of Servers not assigned to a specific Service Cell 10 in a "Server Reserve Pool" to allow for the rapid growth of any Service Cell 10. This ensures that a Service Cell 10 can be rapidly scaled through the automated addition of one or more Registry Servers 30 available through the "Server Reserve Pool”.
- the Authentication Services 270 provide the ability to uniquely identify a Registered User of a Service Cell 10.
- Security Services 280 are Registry
- Server resident services that access Registered User account information maintained by Registry Services 290 (defined below). They provide a Registered Security Agent with the ability to remotely authenticate the unique identity of any Registered User and grant any desired level of service access and privileges. This capability is critical for remote electronic proctoring of a certification or exam process.
- Registry Services 290 facilitate the management of all assets that comprise information flow.
- An asset is herein defined as a managed and tracked resource essential to a customer in facilitating effective information flow within their organization.
- the Registry Services that resides on the Registry Servers 30 stores the critical information on all Registered Users, network devices, programs, preferences, documents, media elements, usage audit trail, and other assets. This is distinct from the Asset Management Services (to be described) which are Client Al ...N80 based and are delivered by an application that resides on each Client Al ...N80.
- a central Registry Services record is comprised of fields with a single field being the smallest logical construct that is be managed and tracked by the system.
- a Registry Services record is comprised of at least 2 to the 32nd power fields, and each field in the Registry Services record can be up to 2 to the 48th power bytes in size.
- a field in a Registry Services record can contain any combination of audio, video, imagery, and text data.
- the Registry Services maintains like records in logical groupings called Record Classes, and Registry Services supports up to 2 to the 48th power records per Record Class.
- Registry Services has the ability to dynamically add on demand new fields to all of the records within a Record Class.
- Registry Services also provides the ability to layer a relational hierarchy over any and all Record Classes. Specifically, Registry Services maintains several base Record
- Registry Services For example, authorized users are maintained in a People Base Record Class. Registry Services also maintains a record for each item of equipment, each software application, each item of media, each item of content within each Service Cell, all usage data for each Registered User, all communication sessions that occur within and between all Service Cells. Registry Services also maintains one or more template Base Record Classes per Service Cell that can be rapidly customized to meet any unique information flow needs.
- High Availability Services 300 provide Registry Server based mechanisms for server high availability that eliminate potential downtime and ensure continuous access to all Service Cell 10 based data and services. (11) Fault Tolerance Services 310.
- Optional Fault Tolerance Services 310 provide high performance Registry Server based mechanisms for delivering server fault tolerance that virtually eliminates server downtime and ensures continuous access to all Service Cell 10 based data and services. Fault tolerance is available for those mission critical applications where the several minutes of downtime presented by High Availability Services 300 is not acceptable.
- Resource Management Services 320 provide Registry Server based mechanisms that manage the Registry Servers 30 processor utilization, disk array capacity 36, and ATM Switch 55 and 60 capacity of a Service Cell 10. This capability is essential to maintain the balance and symmetry of the UCCA to ensure the highest possible quality of service.
- Bandwidth Management Services 330 provide Registry Server based mechanisms that manage the available bandwidth consumed by every service provided by a Service Cell 10.
- Data Storage Services 340 provides Registry Server based mechanisms that deliver data redundancy for all Service Cell 10 stored data.
- Communication Services 350 are Registry Server resident and facilitate the ability for any user to access content or communicate with any size group of other users in a highly reliable fashion. Communication Services 350 include the ability to support any standards based communication protocol simultaneously within a Service Cell. Communication Services 350 provide precise control over the Quality of Service (QoS) of any data transmitted within a Service Cell. Communication Services 350 also provides precise control over the Reliability of Service (RoS) of any data transmitted within a Service Cell. Communication Services 350 also provides the ability for a Registered User from their authorized Client(s) to access and interact with content published as available for that specific Registered User by their respective Registry Server in their local Service Cell. Communication Services 350 also provide the ability for a Registered User from their authorized Client(s) to access and interact with Content published as available for that specific Registered User by a designated Registry Server in a remote Service Cell.
- QoS Quality of Service
- RoS Reliability of Service
- Communication Services 350 also provide the ability for a Registered User from their authorized Client(s) to locate any other Registered User (or group of Registered Users), and to establish and maintain a real-time two-way communication session with any Registered User or group published as available by their respective Server in their local or any remote Service Cell. Communication Services 350 also provide the ability to schedule any process, publish that schedule to all affected Registered Users, and to resolve schedule conflicts when they arise.
- Internet Services 360 are Registry Server 30-1...3 and/or Special Purpose Server 30-4 resident. They provide all of the services of the current Internet seamlessly integrated in the UCCA without degrading any other UCCA service capabilities. All Internet services are Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) compliant. The Internet Services include Mail Server services, File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Server services, USENET News Server services, and Web Server services. All of the Internet Services remain under independent and continuous control from a centrally established Quality of Service (QoS) mechanism that ensures that they do not degrade the performance of real-time services like video and audio. The Internet Services include security software that delivers intrusion detection, authentication, central auditing, and privacy control for all Internet traffic. They are administered from a unified system management console that enables secure, remote, and centralized control of all functionality.
- QoS Quality of Service
- Telephony Services 370 provide the customer with access to the existing legacy telephony infrastructure. Telephony Services 370 provide the ability for a Registered User from their authorized Client(s) to make and receive a traditional phone call whereby all current telephony limitations and costs apply. In addition, Telephony Services 370 provides the ability for a Registered User from their authorized Client(s) to make and receive a phone call to any other Registered User logged onto the same Service Cell without experiencing statistical access limitations or incurring long distance charges. A user can also use a traditional telephone to dial a local phone number and make a phone call to a Registered User logged on to a Client without incurring long distance charges. Registered Users from their authorized Client(s) can also send and receive industry standard facsimile documents.
- Supercomputing Services 380 offers the ability for the customer to employ the inactive processors of Clients Al ...N80 on any Service Cell in a massively parallel fashion to solve problems like image rendering, predictive analysis, and numerous other tasks that fall within the classification of a supercomputing problem.
- Client Services 400 represents the functionality derived from the implementation of written software running on the Clients Al ... An and available on demand to authenticated and Registered Users.
- the Client Services 400 are classified and herein described under the following categories: (1) Contact Services 410; (2) Session Management Services 420; (3) Session Status Services 430; (4) Scheduling Services 440; (5) Audio Services 450; (6) Video Services 460; (7) Message Services 470; (8) Chat Services 480; (9) Assessment Services 490; (10) Projection Services 500; (11) Collaboration Services 510; (12) Presentation Services 520; (13) Authoring Services 530; (14) Asset Management Services 540; (15) Internet Services 550; (16) Media Services 560; (17) Help Services 570; (18) Network Management Services 580; (19) Service Administration Services 590; (20) Security Services 600; (21) Telephony Services 610; (22) Simulation and Gaming Services 620; (23) Supercomputing Services 630.
- Contact Services 410 provide the ability to manage contacts and groups of contacts as well as establish a communication session with any other Registered User or group of other Registered Users.
- a Base Contact Record is created for any contact entered, and the Registered User is free to add as many fields as desired to the Base Contact Record to facilitate the desired level of personal information management. For instance, one field allows the designation of "Personal Contact” if the contact is not a Registered User.
- a Registered User can search for, edit, print a report, import, export, and/or delete Contact Records.
- the Registered User can organize Contact Records into logical groups by entering a Contact Group name. The Registered User can access the status of all Registered Contacts and Groups inclusive of basic availability information such as if a Registered Contact is logged on or logged off at the time of viewing.
- Session Management Services 420 The Registered User can access the status of all Registered Contacts and Groups inclusive of basic availability information such as if a Registered Contact is logged on or logged off at the time of viewing.
- Session Management Services 420 provide the ability to manage any communication session.
- a Session is defined as either a Registered User accessing Content stored on a Registry Server 30 (Independent Session) or a Registered User communicating from their Client with one or more other Registered Users on their Clients (Individual and Group Sessions).
- the present system employs Session Management Services 420 that support Independent, Individual, and Group Sessions. Every Session initiated within a Service Cell is uniquely identified, and an exhaustive record is kept of its existence, duration, participants, and all participant actions through the Session. There are 6 basic types of Sessions that a user can initiate.
- the Independent Session (Local and Remote) provides a means by which a Registered User can select from a list of published Content in order to initiate an Independent Session.
- the Individual Session provides a means to allow a Registered User to initiate a person-to-person Session by simply choosing a contact from their private Contact Record list.
- the Group Session provides a means to allow a Registered User to initiate a Group Session by simply choosing a group from their private Group Contacts list.
- Session Management Services 420 also allows a Registered User to place any active Independent, Individual, or Group Session on hold and to access or initiate another Session. Each Session can be paused, recorded and/or resumed for later access, and Session Management Services 420 provide the ability for a Registered User to see a history of sessions in which they have participated.
- Session Management Services 420 also maintain proper group protocol for the Moderator. For instance, only the initiator or active Moderator of a Group Session can end an active Group Session, although any participant of the Group Session can drop off the session at any time. The active Moderator of an Individual or Group Session may assign any other session participant as the
- Moderator may add or drop any other session participant from the session, and may select the Application Service or Services delivered during the session.
- the following represents an authorized list of Client Services 400 available to the Moderator of an Individual or Group Session: Audio Services 450; Video Services 460; Message Services 470; Chat Services 480; Assessment Services 490; Projection Services 500; Collaboration Services 510; and Presentation Services 520 (all defined below).
- the active Moderator of an Individual or Group Session may add, drop or block access to authorized Client Services 400 by the other participant(s) at any time during a session.
- Session Management Services 420 also provides a means of locating session participants that have logged on, and notifying them that a session is active such that they can join the session.
- Session Management Services 420 publishes scheduled sessions so that when any Registered User logs onto their authorized Client(s) the session is reflected in their personal schedule. Session Management Services 420 allows the automatic initiation of a scheduled session subject to a variable time out capability if no session participants are logged onto the network. The duration of any scheduled session can be limited if desired.
- Session Status Services 430 provide the Registered Users with the status information of any active sessions. This includes the ability for the Registered User to see a list of the active participants, whether it is being recorded, the local starting date, time and duration of the active session, and the time remaining for any active session with a scheduled time limit. Each Registered User also has the ability to see a list of all sessions that are currently on hold, or paused. (4) Scheduling Services 440.
- Scheduling Services 440 are delivered by a Client resident application that allows a Registered User to schedule any activity, session, or the use of any resource they desire.
- Audio Services 450 are available at any time during an
- Audio streaming is possible automatically when streaming video, or independently of video, and all of the following sampling rates are supported: 1 1 KHz 8 Bit Mono Sampling; 44.1 KHz 16 Bit Stereo Sampling; Variable sampling rates for audio streaming from 11 to 44.1 KHz, 8 or 16 bit, and mono or stereo.
- audio streaming may be half-duplex or full-duplex, and various quality controls are available to the Clients Al ...N80 including de-reverberation, background noise reduction, and the ability to compress and decompress two-way audio simultaneously in real-time.
- the UCCA provides the ability to control various audio sources including Apple QuickTime movies, Compact Disc, laserdisc, Digital Versatile Disc, or video cassette to the degree that specific segments, clips, frames, blocks, songs, or tracks can be identified and played as part of selecting an Audio Channel.
- Audio Services 450 provides the ability for the Digital Camera 120 to be a pan and tilt camera that can follow the active speaker, and existing speech recognition software may be incorporated to provide the ability to recognize English speech and translate it into text in real-time, or text into English speech. This facilitates closed captioning.
- Video Services 460 facilitate the use of video during an
- Video can be streamed at any time during an Independent, Individual, or Group Session, and video controls are available at any time to a Registered User from any authorized Client.
- Video Services include software for digitization, distribution and collaborative editing of video.
- Video Services 460 provide the ability to compress and decompress two-way video simultaneously in real-time. This is done through an existing Client based software- only symmetrical Wavelet CODEC. A variety of other commercially-available standards-based CODECs may also be used.
- Video Services 460 provide software to compress, decompress, store, and distribute a wide range of video formats.
- Default video streaming takes place at 320x240 (4:2:2 YUV) full-duplex video at 30 frames per second, and the two video streams can be selectively displayed independently in 160x120, 320x240, 640x480, or 1024x768 32 bits per pixel resolution windows on the two Client Al ...N80 displays.
- Support is provided for Dl (SMPTE SDI standard) video and 1280x720 progressive HDTV video.
- Video Services also provides the ability to control various conventional video sources including Apple QuickTime movies, laserdisc, Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), and video cassette to the degree that specific segments, clips, frames, blocks, or tracks can be identified and played as part of selecting a Video Channel.
- Video Services provides the ability for real-time manipulation of the video stream, plus the ability to draw over, zoom, record, or even conduct image recognition.
- a registered user can also simultaneously view multiple video window thumbnails of Registered Users participating in a Group Session.
- Each video window thumbnail is 144 pixels wide, 192 pixels high, 32 bits per pixel, and displayed at 5 frames per second or higher.
- the active Video Channel is selectively displayed in any video window size simultaneously with the active video thumbnails and the near side Video Channel (far side thumbnail input).
- the active Moderator of the Group Session can select the active Audio and Video Channels used during the session.
- All of the participants of a Group Session are displayed both under each thumbnail and in a master list, and the active Moderator of the Group Session is provided with multiple levels of feedback on who is requesting to provide the active Audio and Video Channel, how many times they have been active in a session, how long they have participated in the session, and other feedback to be determined as important in the future.
- Any Group Session participant can request control of the active Audio and Video Channel, and their 144 pixel wide by 192 pixel high portion of the near side video window is then highlighted so that each Group Session participant knows what portion of their video is being transmitted to all other Group Session participants.
- Message Services 470 facilitate the Registered User's ability to send and receive a class of Message characterized as media type independent, secure, and real-time, at anytime including during an Independent, Individual, or Group
- each message includes security precautions as established by the Message originator, the desired minimum time for a Message reply, the desired minimum time for a response to a request in the Message, the time remaining before expiration, and the time and date it was created and transmitted. If security options are chosen, Message Services 470 requires biometrics and/or password access by the respective recipient(s) in order to view the body and content.
- Chat Services 480 are provided to facilitate the participants of an Individual or Group Session to maintain a continuous dialog using text entered in real-time and audio, video, and imagery based media presented on demand. Chat Services 480 can initiate a continuous dialog at any time during an Individual or Group Session and present controls at anytime to a Registered User from any authorized Client Al ...N80. Chat Services provide a participant of the active Individual or Group Session with the ability to enter a text statement called a Dialog Item. The participant may then send a completed Dialog Item, and the Item is to be appended immediately to a Dialog Item list displayed to all of the session participants. The Dialog Item list includes the name of the originator of each Dialog Item, and the date and time a Dialog Item was sent.
- Assessment Services 490 facilitate any participant of an Individual or Group Session to efficiently gather feedback from the other participants of the session in a wide variety of ways.
- Assessment controls are available at anytime to a Registered User from any authorized Client Al ...N80 by which they can solicit participant feedback during an Individual or Group Session.
- Several forms of solicitation are possible, including a Query which is a single question or instruction statement combined with a single type of Assessment such as Yes or No, True or
- the Registered User may also submit a Form, which is a logical grouping of any number and type of Queries into a single form. All Assessments are moderated in that the Assessment Moderator must determine which Query or Form to present, receive the Assessment responses, determine which participants receive the Assessment, and control the characteristics of the Assessment delivery.
- the initial or active Moderator of the Individual or Group Session is always the first Assessment Moderator. However, the active Assessment Moderator can assign a new Assessment Moderator from the current list of participants of the Group Session in which the Assessment exists.
- the active Assessment Moderator can also add and drop participants, and create or select from a list of existing Queries or Forms and broadcast it to the selected Assessment participants simultaneously then monitor the assessed participant's responses in real-time.
- Assessment Services allow the organization of groups of Queries and Forms into Assessment Bins to facilitate rapid Assessment, and new Queries or Forms can be added or deleted to/from the Assessment Bin at will. If a response time is established for the Query or Form the Assessment shall provide a count down clock to the session participants so they know the time remaining before a response is required. The net result of the collective responses is stored as an Assessment Response, and Assessment Services 490 allows a user to analyze, create, display, and print reports of their Assessment Responses.
- Projection Services 500 provide controls to any participant of an Individual or Group Session that allow the projection of an application operating on their Client in a window on the displays of the other session participants. This allows legacy applications and the content they support to be viewed as if a user connected a projector to their computer in a conference room filled with the other session participants. Projection Services supports a single application at a time and filters out of the Projection any non-application windows like those generated by other Client Services 400 like Audio, Video, Message, Chat, etc. Projection Services 500 shall redirect any audio or video that a projected application may support through the Audio Services 450 and Video Services 460.
- a Projection is moderated in that a Projection Moderator has control of which certified application is used, full control over the projected application's user interface, and has the ability to control who else has access to the projected application's user interface when and for how long.
- the initial or active Moderator of the Individual or Group Session shall always be the first Projection Moderator, but the task can be reassigned to any other session participant.
- Collaboration Services 510 are provided to facilitate any participant of an Individual or Group Session to collaborate on any subject matter.
- Collaboration Services 510 provide file management controls to Registered Users by which they can access a Collaboration at any time during an Independent, Individual, or Group Session.
- Collaboration controls are available at anytime to a Registered User from any authorized Client. All Collaboration is moderated in that the Collaboration Moderator must determine which media elements or Content to present, determine which participants are part of the Collaboration process, determine which participants can control the Collaboration process, and determine which contributions remain as a permanent aspect of a finished Collaboration effort.
- the initial or active Moderator of the Individual or Group Session shall always be the first Collaboration Moderator, but this role can be reassigned.
- the active Collaboration Moderator is provided with a means of adding and dropping any other Collaboration participant, or enabling and disabling at anytime any Collaboration participant's ability to enter or modify media elements and Content during the Collaboration.
- Authorized Collaboration participant may enter or modify media elements and Content during the Collaboration, and may organize the same in Content Bins for their rapid introduction into the Collaboration process.
- Content Bins are susceptible to full file management.
- the collaboration contents are displayed at each participating Client Al ...N80 in a Collaboration Workspace, and each Collaboration Workspace is fully customizable, and participants have the ability to change each media element or Content added to the workspace.
- the Collaboration Workspace provides the Collaboration participants with the ability to see a textual summary of the media elements and Content contributed to the workspace to include what time it was contributed, who contributed it, size, location, name, note, description, etc. A vast collection of editing tools and resources are available for using and editing collaboration content. (12) Presentation Services 520.
- Presentation Services 520 facilitate presentation of content during an Individual or Group Session and subjects the same to control by a Presentation Moderator.
- the Presentation Moderator has control of which Content is used and control of the navigation through the active Content.
- the initial or active Moderator of the Individual or Group Session shall always be the first Presentation Moderator, but this role can be reassigned.
- Presentation Services 520 shall provide a means for the Presentation Moderator to change Content at anytime, or to add or drop session participants from the Presentation. Presentation status information is displayed to all participants during the Presentation, including the date and time the Presentation was initiated, duration, the name and description of active Content, and the active Presentation Moderator.
- Authoring Services 530 facilitate any authorized Registered User to create Content by providing a workspace and the tools necessary to create Content independent of subject matter or media type and the ability to register completed Content. Upon completion, the content may be published to the designated Registered Users.
- Authoring Services 530 provides the Content creator with a Production Workspace and the tools that allow them to create Content through the addition, deletion, editing, and organization of reusable object oriented logical constructs. This facilitates the creation of a diverse array of content for any purpose.
- Asset Management Services 540 facilitate any authorized Registered User to manage their personal and organization's assets. This is accomplished by maintaining a client registry of all user account information, protocol bindings, software program settings, user preferences, registered programs, etc.
- the Asset Management Services 540 are delivered by an application that resides on each Client Al ...N80. This is distinct from the previously described Registry Services, which are Registry Server 30 based. Thus, the Registry Services provide the back end while Asset Management Services 540 deliver the front end Registered Users functionality for conducting data analysis, data entry, and creating lists, reports, and forms.
- Asset Management Services 540 create a number of embedded logical constructs including Asset Type, Asset Record, Asset Field, and Asset Form. The Asset Record either contains the Asset or represents the Asset.
- the Asset Field contains any supported media type, with one or more Asset Fields defining an Asset Record.
- the Asset Form allows the media elements of one or more Asset Fields of a single Asset Record to be entered, modified, or viewed.
- the Asset Report allows any combination of Asset Fields of any number of Asset Records within an Asset Type to be viewed in a list. Given these constructs, the Asset Management Process provides an authorized Registered User with the ability to define Asset Types, create and edit Asset Records and its Asset Fields, create and view Asset Forms, and create and view Asset Reports as necessary to facilitate the management of any Asset.
- Asset Management Process provides an authorized Registered User with the ability to define Asset Types, create and edit Asset Records and its Asset Fields, create and view Asset Forms, and create and view Asset Reports as necessary to facilitate the management of any Asset.
- Management Services 540 automatically define several Base Assets, inclusive of People (a Base Asset Type and Asset Record with appropriate Asset Fields that define the individuals an authorized Registered User has a requirement to maintain), equipment (a Base Asset Type and Asset Record with appropriate Asset Fields that defines the equipment, hardware, or inventory items an authorized Registered User has a requirement to maintain), applications (a Base Asset Type and Asset Record with appropriate Asset Fields that defines the software applications an authorized Registered User has a requirement to maintain), media (as above, but containing the media elements an authorized Registered User has a requirement to maintain), content (supra), etc.
- Asset Management Services 540 also provide an authorized Registered
- Internet Services 550 are Client based applications that provide Registered Users with the ability to access all Service Cell 10 published Internet Services 360. This includes the Internet browser of choice, email application, or other off the shelf Internet application.
- Media Services 560 are Client based applications that provide Registered Users with a rich array of media editing tools from video to high resolution imagery.
- the Help Desk Services include online help via direct access to Client(s) Al ...N80 designated as Help Desk support for the respective Service Cell 10 and subsequently access to an on duty Help Desk staff member.
- Each Help Desk Client Al ...N80 is equipped with content designed to help a user trouble shoot a full range of identifiable problems.
- the Help Desk access functionality provided by the Help Services 570 the user is required to select a keyword categorizing their problem subsequently invoking local electronic support as a prerequisite to establishing a connection to a Help Desk staff member.
- Network Management Services 580 are available to assist an Administrator in coordinating usage. These services include usage monitoring to measure the network usage load, failure monitoring to monitor network failures, Client monitoring to monitor Client failures, Registry Server monitoring to monitor Registry Server failures, software monitoring to monitor catastrophic software failures, network failure resolution to track network failure resolution, software failure resolution to track software failure resolution, Client configuration to maintain the data on client configurations, Registry Server configuration to maintain the data on server configurations, software management to manage all software version control and distribution, and preventative maintenance to maintain a hardware preventative maintenance program.
- Service Administration Services 590 are delivered by a Client resident application that allows an administrator to establish user accounts, set user privileges, establish security measures, and register content onto the Registry Servers 30-1...N.
- Security Services 600 are delivered by a Client based application that provides a Registered Security Agent with the ability to control network access, assign priveledges, and the ability to conduct electronic proctoring for skill certification and exams.
- Security Services 600 uses Registry Server 30 resident Security Services 280.
- Telephony Services 610 are delivered by a Client resident application that allows a Registered User to make and accept standard telephone calls and send and receive standard facsimiles. (22) Simulation and Gaming Services 620.
- Simulation and Gaming Services 620 are delivered by a Client resident application that allows a Registered User to participate in advanced simulations and gaming through a Service Cell 10.
- Supercomputing Services 630 are delivered by a Client resident application that allows a Registered User to initiate and control the Service Cell 10 based Supercomputing Services 380 capabilities. The above is only a partial list of the capabilities that the UCCA supports.
- Effective computer based communication should be done in real time to ensure that the participants are stimulated visually, audibly, and emotionally, as well as allowing the participants to interact with the information during the process. Any solution to this information flow problem must begin with a viable communication infrastructure.
- LAN Local Area Network
- WAN Wide Area Network
- Internet Satellite
- wireless Wireless
- Cable TV technologies are barriers to information flow. All have inherent limitations that prevent real-time, two-way, guaranteed, global, equal access, reliable, continuously upgradeable, high quality service.
- the telephony infrastructure is real-time two-way in nature, but it is statistically based and can only handle audio not the diverse array of content required of real information flow. Satellites are too complex and expensive when deployed in a real-time two-way fashion.
- Cable TV plants are one-way.
- LAN, WAN, and Internet technologies are statistically based and cannot deliver any of the guarantees of Quality of Service (QoS), performance, security, and reliability that are required to solve the information flow problem.
- QoS Quality of Service
- Unified Computing and Communication Architecture that allows simultaneous participation of a session Manager (Moderator or Teacher), authenticated Participants (Users or Students), a Network Administrator, a Help Desk, any necessary Auxiliary Communication Services, and Content Developers.
- the goal of the Unified Computing and Communication Architecture (UCCA) set forth herein is to give all the foregoing denominations simultaneous and seamless point-to-point and point-to-multi-point communication capabilities and to allow the creation of content, management of content, distribution of content, security of content, and the assessment of the use of content within the network, inclusive of all communication formats (audio, video, imagery, data, etc.), and substantially in real-time.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020007010938A KR20010082529A (en) | 1998-11-19 | 1999-11-19 | Unified computing and communication architecture(ucca) |
CA002328362A CA2328362A1 (en) | 1998-11-19 | 1999-11-19 | Unified computing and communication architecture (ucca) |
AU56459/00A AU752096B2 (en) | 1998-11-19 | 1999-11-19 | Unified computing and communication architecture (UCCA) |
JP2000582907A JP2002530745A (en) | 1998-11-19 | 1999-11-19 | Unified architecture of operation and communication (UCCA) |
EP99963941A EP1141849A1 (en) | 1998-11-19 | 1999-11-19 | Unified computing and communication architecture (ucca) |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10942098P | 1998-11-19 | 1998-11-19 | |
US60/109,420 | 1998-11-19 |
Publications (2)
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WO2000029966A1 true WO2000029966A1 (en) | 2000-05-25 |
WO2000029966A8 WO2000029966A8 (en) | 2000-11-02 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US1999/027587 WO2000029966A1 (en) | 1998-11-19 | 1999-11-19 | Unified computing and communication architecture (ucca) |
Country Status (7)
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EP (1) | EP1141849A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002530745A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20010082529A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1299485A (en) |
AU (1) | AU752096B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2328362A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000029966A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
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WO2002030149A1 (en) * | 2000-10-06 | 2002-04-11 | France Telecom | Control unit in a private atm terminal installation |
WO2002039287A1 (en) * | 2000-10-26 | 2002-05-16 | Shanghai Magima Digital Information Co., Ltd. | Self-adapting information processing system having network topology |
WO2008087089A1 (en) * | 2007-01-16 | 2008-07-24 | Phonic Ear Inc | Sound amplification system |
CN101655828B (en) * | 2008-08-18 | 2011-09-07 | 中国人民解放军信息工程大学 | Design method for high efficiency super computing system based on task data flow drive |
US8495222B2 (en) | 2001-11-05 | 2013-07-23 | International Business Machines Corporation | Network system, server, client terminal, timeout information providing method, timeout information display method, and programs |
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US7434167B2 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2008-10-07 | Microsoft Corporation | Accessibility system and method |
CN100384140C (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2008-04-23 | 华为技术有限公司 | Wide area virtual subscriber switch service management system |
CN102742251A (en) * | 2011-08-11 | 2012-10-17 | 华为技术有限公司 | A node aggregation system for implementing a symmetric multi-processing system |
WO2016000632A1 (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2016-01-07 | U3D Limited | Adaptive control and management for electronic device |
CN106325080A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2017-01-11 | 派斡信息技术(上海)有限公司 | Group control method of electronic device and control machine with application of method |
KR101803521B1 (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2017-11-30 | 지엠 글로벌 테크놀러지 오퍼레이션스 엘엘씨 | Method for controlling in-vehicle infotainment system |
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- 1999-11-19 CA CA002328362A patent/CA2328362A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-11-19 EP EP99963941A patent/EP1141849A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-11-19 AU AU56459/00A patent/AU752096B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-11-19 CN CN99805131A patent/CN1299485A/en active Pending
- 1999-11-19 WO PCT/US1999/027587 patent/WO2000029966A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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US8495222B2 (en) | 2001-11-05 | 2013-07-23 | International Business Machines Corporation | Network system, server, client terminal, timeout information providing method, timeout information display method, and programs |
WO2008087089A1 (en) * | 2007-01-16 | 2008-07-24 | Phonic Ear Inc | Sound amplification system |
CN101655828B (en) * | 2008-08-18 | 2011-09-07 | 中国人民解放军信息工程大学 | Design method for high efficiency super computing system based on task data flow drive |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1141849A1 (en) | 2001-10-10 |
CA2328362A1 (en) | 2000-05-25 |
KR20010082529A (en) | 2001-08-30 |
WO2000029966A8 (en) | 2000-11-02 |
JP2002530745A (en) | 2002-09-17 |
CN1299485A (en) | 2001-06-13 |
AU5645900A (en) | 2000-12-18 |
AU752096B2 (en) | 2002-09-05 |
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