WO2001036952A1 - Method for measuring skin surface hydration and device for applying the method - Google Patents
Method for measuring skin surface hydration and device for applying the method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001036952A1 WO2001036952A1 PCT/FI2000/001001 FI0001001W WO0136952A1 WO 2001036952 A1 WO2001036952 A1 WO 2001036952A1 FI 0001001 W FI0001001 W FI 0001001W WO 0136952 A1 WO0136952 A1 WO 0136952A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- probe
- skin
- wave
- signal
- capacitance
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/44—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the integumentary system, e.g. skin, hair or nails
- A61B5/441—Skin evaluation, e.g. for skin disorder diagnosis
- A61B5/442—Evaluating skin mechanical properties, e.g. elasticity, hardness, texture, wrinkle assessment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/44—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the integumentary system, e.g. skin, hair or nails
- A61B5/441—Skin evaluation, e.g. for skin disorder diagnosis
- A61B5/443—Evaluating skin constituents, e.g. elastin, melanin, water
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for measuring the moisture content of skin, in which method a probe is placed on the skin for measuring the capacitance of the skin.
- the invention relates also to the apparatus for applying the method, which apparatus comprises a probe to be placed on the skin and devices connected to the probe for transmitting and transferring a signal into the probe and back from the probe in order to transfer and analyse the reflected signal and for measuring the capacitance of the skin.
- the skin consists of three layers, which are, from the surface inwards, stratum corneum, epidermis and dermis.
- the water content is low in the stratum corneum and high in the dermis.
- the water content increases gradually from the surface of epidermis to deeper parts of epidermis.
- the hydration of skin is determined by the properties of the stratum corneum. 15 Dry skin feels rough and will become wrinkled faster than normal skin. People living in dry weather conditions suffer from dry skin more than others and have to apply cosmetic products for moisturizing the skin.
- the principle of the present moisture meters based on the measurement of the skin capacitance is that the skin is a capacitive part of a resonance circuit, either an RC-circuit
- a device containing an RC-circuit is introduced in the US- patent publication 4,860,753.
- a monostabile multivibrator is introduced in the US-patent publication 4,711,244.
- the skin causes a change in the resonance frequency of the circuit.
- the resonance frequency that indicates the properties of the skin is for instance calculated with a counter.
- One weakness of these devices is that the frequency of the measurement
- the 35 circuit depends on the properties of the skin.
- the dielectric properties of the skin change in relation to the frequency due to the influence of different types of dispersions.
- the dielectric properties determine the capacitance of the skin, which is the reason why a device measuring capacitance is not working reliably when its frequency changes.
- Another weakness of mentioned devices is that they are sensitive also to the resistivity of the skin, which means that, for example, the relative content of the electrolytes, which is independent of the water content of the stratum corneum, affects the measurement result.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus, which obviate the shortcomings of the present methods and apparatuses. It is a particular object of the invention to provide a method and an apparatus for measuring the moisture content of skin reliably, and that the resistivity of the skin does not affect the measurement result. It is a further object of the invention to provide an apparatus which is simple in its structure and economical to manufacture and to use.
- a wave signal is transmitted to the probe, the capacitance of the probe is measured by comparing the phases of the transmitted and reflected wave, and the applied radio frequency is low, approximately 0,2-5 MHz. This comparison can be performed with an appropriate device known as such.
- This method enables accurate measurement of the capacitance of the probe even in the case when the conductance of the probe is much higher than the susceptance of the probe, which occurs always when the probe is in contact with the skin.
- the measurement result is independent of the conductance of the probe, which in practice means that the measurement result does not depend on the resistivity and further, for example, on the electrolyte content of the skin.
- Operating frequency of the apparatus is an essential parameter of the method in accordance with the invention.
- the range used in the method is approximately 0,2-5 MHz. With lower frequencies than this, the susceptance of the probe decreases further and the difference between the conductance and the susceptance increases further. On the other hand, with frequencies higher than the specified range the measurement result contains information also from deeper layers of the skin. This is undesirable, because the water content of dermis does not affect what is commonly perceived as the moistness of the skin.
- the apparatus operates at only one frequency, the low radio frequency, approximately 0,2-5 MHz.
- the apparatus operates only at one precisely set frequency, and thus gives a reliable result of the moisture content of skin.
- the capacitance of the skin is determined by its dielectric properties and therefore only such capacitance measuring apparatus which operates with a constant frequency, can be a reliable apparatus.
- a wave signal is transmitted to the probe by an oscillator, and placing an attenuator on the signal path between the oscillator and the probe prohibits the reflections of the waves forming the signal between the oscillator and the probe. This means that the reflections do not affect the measurement result.
- the phases of the wave transmitted to and reflected from the probe are deviated with a power splitter from each other by 90 degrees in addition to the minor phase difference caused by the probe.
- the resolution of the phase detector is then optimal and the accuracy of the measurement is better than when using a normal zero- degree power splitter.
- phase detector In an additional application the phases of the wave transmitted to and reflected from the probe are compared by a phase detector.
- the phase detector is dependable and reliable but in other applications other devices can be used for this purpose.
- the propagating waves are amplified in the phase detector inputs so that the phase detector operates in a saturated state. Only then the phase detector or a similar device measures merely the phase shift of the incoming signals.
- An apparatus in accordance with the invention comprises a device, preferably a phase detector, into the input of which the wave formed by the signal reflected from the probe is arranged to be led, and a wave forming the signal is arranged to be led into the other input of the device, then the capacitance can be measured by comparing the wave phases.
- Fig. 1 shows the general view of an apparatus in accordance with the invention seen from above
- Fig. 2 shows a block diagram showing the operation of the apparatus
- Fig. 3 shows the longitudinal view of a probe
- FIG 4 shows the cross-section A-A of figure 3.
- Figure 1 shows the case 10 of the apparatus and attached to it a display unit 11, a press button 12, an indicator light 13, a set of small LED lights 14 and a reset button 15. The shape of the case and the attached lights etc. can vary in different applications. From the case 10 outgoes a coaxial cable 16, in which a probe 17 is attached.
- Figure 2 shows an oscillator 20, an attenuator 21, a 90-degree power splitter 22, a directional coupler 23, two amplifiers 24 and 25, a probe 17, a phase detector 26, a low pass filter 27 and a digital electronic unit 28.
- a display unit 1 1, a press button 12, an indicator light 13, a set of LED lights 14 and a reset button 15 are connected to this electronic unit.
- Figure 3 shows a probe 17 comprising a brass-made outer electrode 31, a brass-made inner electrode 33 and a Teflon part 32.
- the inner electrode 33 is round and the ring-shaped outer electrode 31 surrounds it so that the Teflon part 32 is between them.
- the inner conductor 35 of the coaxial cable 16 is soldered in a small hole 34 on top of the inner electrode 33.
- the coaxial cable 16 comprises an outer conductor 37, dielectric material 36 between them and a sleeve 38.
- a separate clamping part 39 is pressed against the outer electrode 31 so that outer conductor 37 of the coaxial cable 16 is compressed between them, thus being in electric contact with the outer electrode 31.
- two wedge-like pieces 40 cause tight pression of the coaxial cable 16 against the clamping part 39. All parts in figure 3, apart from the wedge-like pieces 40, are rotationally symmetric.
- Figure 4 shows the cross section A-A of the probe similar to figure 3.
- the graph illustrates particularly the setting of the two wedge-like pieces 40.
- the device is arranged to measure the phase coefficient of the probe's reflection coefficient at a single low radio frequency (which is approximately 0,2-5 MHz).
- the radio frequency section of the apparatus which comprises the parts 20-26 and the probe 17 in figure 2, is radio technically arranged. Practically this means that the lines between the components are microstrip lines with specific wave impedance, e.g. 50 ohm. Thus waves propagating in opposite directions can travel in the single signal path. In this context a signal means such a propagating wave.
- the operation of the high frequency components is not at all affected by the fact that the dimensions of the circuit are small compared with the wavelength.
- the apparatus operates so that the outgoing sinusoidal signal from the oscillator 20 is led through the directional coupler 23 into the probe 17. The reflected signal from the probe 17 is connected to one input of the phase detector 26 through the directional coupler 23.
- a signal directly from the oscillator 20 through the power splitter 22 is led to the other input.
- the output of the phase detector 26 is proportional to the phase difference, which again is dependent only on the capacitance of the probe 17.
- the oscillator 20 of the apparatus is operating always when the apparatus is switched on. So there is a constant voltage in the output of the phase detector 26 and the subsequent low pass filter 27.
- the apparatus is used so that the press button 12 is pressed at the same time as the probe 17 is pressed on the skin. The measurement starts at this moment and the indicator light 13 is on during the measurement.
- the timer circuit in the digital electronic unit 28 activates the measurement for a preselected standard time, after which the indicator light 13 is switched off.
- the apparatus contains also a buzzer (not shown in the figures) inside the case 10 and it gives a sound indicating that the measurement is completed. After the measurement a reading appears at the display 1 1. The reading is proportional to the capacitance of the probe 17 and the moisture content of skin.
- the apparatus ends the measurement automatically when the measurement time is over and after that the reading shown at the display 1 1 is no longer affected by the skin contact of the probe 17.
- the LED indicators 14 operate completely in accordance with the display 11, thus the moisture content of skin can be read after the measurement merely by the amount of lights 14 switched on.
- the lights 14 have different colours: in case of dry skin only yellow lights are on, in case of normal skin besides yellow also green lights are on, and in case of moist skin besides the above mentioned lights also blue lights are on. Pressing the reset button 15 resets the display 1 1 and switches off the lights 14.
- An essential feature of the radio frequency unit of the apparatus containing the parts of the block diagram in figure 2 apart from the digital electronic unit 28, is that signal voltage in both inputs of the phase detector 26 is so high that the detector operates in a saturated state. Only then the phase detector 26 measures merely the phase shift of incoming signals. This phase shift is proportional to the capacitance of the probe 17, which again is proportional to the dielectric constant of the filling of the capacitor (in this case the surface of the skin). The dielectric constant depends on the moisture content of skin surface. Thus the measurement result is not affected e.g. by the electrolyte content, unlike in devices which are sensitive to the conductivity of the skin.
- the attenuator 21 between the oscillator 20 and the power splitter 22. Its purpose is to prevent the reflected signal from the probe 17 from entering a wrong signal path, to the input of the amplifier 24. Due to the attenuator the reflected signal from the probe has to travel twice through the attenuator 21 when travelling to the input of the amplifier 24 after being reflected. If the attenuator 21 is e.g. 6 dB, the total attenuation with this signal is 12 dB, which is sufficient.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE60042888T DE60042888D1 (en) | 1999-11-16 | 2000-11-16 | METHOD FOR MEASURING THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF THE SKIN AND DEVICE FOR APPLYING THE METHOD |
AT00979689T ATE441854T1 (en) | 1999-11-16 | 2000-11-16 | METHOD FOR MEASURING THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF THE SKIN AND DEVICE FOR USING THE METHOD |
EP00979689A EP1238268B1 (en) | 1999-11-16 | 2000-11-16 | Method for measuring the moisture content of skin and apparatus for applying the method |
AU17090/01A AU1709001A (en) | 1999-11-16 | 2000-11-16 | Method for measuring skin surface hydration and device for applying the method |
US10/144,357 US6762609B2 (en) | 1999-11-16 | 2002-05-14 | Method for measuring skin surface hydration and device for applying the method |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI992455A FI111298B (en) | 1999-11-16 | 1999-11-16 | A method for measuring skin moisture and a device for applying the method |
FI19992455 | 1999-11-16 | ||
US10/144,357 US6762609B2 (en) | 1999-11-16 | 2002-05-14 | Method for measuring skin surface hydration and device for applying the method |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/144,357 Continuation US6762609B2 (en) | 1999-11-16 | 2002-05-14 | Method for measuring skin surface hydration and device for applying the method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001036952A1 true WO2001036952A1 (en) | 2001-05-25 |
Family
ID=32395500
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FI2000/001001 WO2001036952A1 (en) | 1999-11-16 | 2000-11-16 | Method for measuring skin surface hydration and device for applying the method |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6762609B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1238268B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU1709001A (en) |
FI (1) | FI111298B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001036952A1 (en) |
Cited By (10)
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EP1329190A1 (en) * | 2002-12-14 | 2003-07-23 | Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen | Apparatus and method for monitoring body composition by measuring body dielectric constant and body impedance based on digital frequency sampling |
EP1299029B1 (en) * | 2001-03-06 | 2006-11-22 | Solianis Holding AG | Device for determining the concentration of glucose in body liquid |
US7184810B2 (en) | 2002-09-04 | 2007-02-27 | Solianis Holding Ag | Method and a device for measuring glucose |
WO2007026340A2 (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2007-03-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods for measuring moisture as a predictor of scalp health |
WO2007113756A1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-11 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Method and apparatus for determining hydration levels by measuring velocity change |
US7315767B2 (en) | 2001-03-06 | 2008-01-01 | Solianis Holding Ag | Impedance spectroscopy based systems and methods |
WO2008006697A2 (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2008-01-17 | Unilever Plc | Dispersed particle compositions for enhancing post wash hydration |
US7534208B2 (en) | 2002-09-24 | 2009-05-19 | Max Link | Device for the measurement of glucose concentrations |
US7666443B2 (en) | 2006-07-13 | 2010-02-23 | Conopco, Inc. | Dispersed particle compositions for enhancing post wash hydration comprising amphiphiles and moisturization additives of defined HLB |
US8197406B2 (en) | 2003-12-02 | 2012-06-12 | Biovotion Ag | Device and method for measuring a property of living tissue |
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FR2849764B1 (en) * | 2003-01-14 | 2012-12-14 | Oreal | DEVICE AND METHOD, IN PARTICULAR FOR EVALUATING THE MOISTURIZATION OF THE SKIN OR MUCOSES |
US20050106103A1 (en) * | 2003-11-13 | 2005-05-19 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Method and system for characterizing tactile perception |
US20070191694A1 (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2007-08-16 | Sherman Faiz F | Methods for measuring moisture content of skin |
MX2008003080A (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2008-03-19 | Procter & Gamble | Methods for retail measurement of skin moisture content. |
US20070056859A1 (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2007-03-15 | Sherman Faiz F | Efficacious scalp health predictor |
US20070213606A1 (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2007-09-13 | Sherman Faiz F | Method and device for indicating moisture content of skin |
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WO2007120220A2 (en) * | 2005-12-01 | 2007-10-25 | Wayne State University, A Corporation Of The State Of Michigan | Hygrometric determination of hot flashes |
KR100862287B1 (en) * | 2006-08-18 | 2008-10-13 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Apparatus for measuring skin moisture content and method for the operating the apparatus |
US8388534B2 (en) * | 2006-10-11 | 2013-03-05 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for providing skin care information by measuring skin moisture content and method and medium for the same |
US8131355B2 (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2012-03-06 | James Hoyt Clark | Automated skin electrical resistance measurement device and method |
US20100298680A1 (en) * | 2008-01-11 | 2010-11-25 | Mark Stuart Talary | Method and device for determining a property of living tissue |
US8128561B1 (en) * | 2008-06-10 | 2012-03-06 | Intelligent Automation, Inc. | Hydration and composition measurement device and technique |
US20110160554A1 (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2011-06-30 | Alexander Megej | Device and method for determining at least one characterizing parameter of multilayer body tissue |
US20120035858A1 (en) * | 2009-03-20 | 2012-02-09 | Andreas Caduff | Device for electrically measuring at least one parameter of a mammal's tissue |
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WO2010118538A1 (en) | 2009-04-17 | 2010-10-21 | Solianis Holding Ag | Wide band field response measurement for glucose determination |
US9402036B2 (en) | 2011-10-17 | 2016-07-26 | Rudolph Technologies, Inc. | Scanning operation with concurrent focus and inspection |
US9326685B2 (en) | 2012-09-14 | 2016-05-03 | Conopco, Inc. | Device for evaluating condition of skin or hair |
CN103860169B (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2017-01-18 | 广州大学城健康产业科技园投资管理有限公司 | Human skin moisture content detection device and system |
JP6925576B2 (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2021-08-25 | アルケア株式会社 | An electronic device having an arithmetic processing unit, a program, and an arithmetic processing unit for evaluating the skin barrier function. |
EP3505045A1 (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2019-07-03 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Determining a water or lipid level of skin |
US11642039B1 (en) * | 2018-11-11 | 2023-05-09 | Kimchi Moyer | Systems, methods, and apparatuses for analyzing galvanic skin response based on exposure to electromagnetic and mechanical waves |
US11642038B1 (en) * | 2018-11-11 | 2023-05-09 | Kimchi Moyer | Systems, methods and apparatus for galvanic skin response measurements and analytics |
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GB2148513A (en) * | 1983-09-19 | 1985-05-30 | Kishohin Kagaku Kaiho Kenkyu | Device for measuring moisture contained in the skin or the like |
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GB2293017A (en) * | 1994-09-09 | 1996-03-13 | Tsing Yee Amy Chan | Measuring dielectric properties of materials |
DE19652679C1 (en) * | 1996-12-18 | 1998-04-23 | Univ Karlsruhe | Method of determining moisture content in porous building materials using dielectric coefficient measurement |
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US4860753A (en) * | 1987-11-04 | 1989-08-29 | The Gillette Company | Monitoring apparatus |
JPH01126535A (en) * | 1987-11-12 | 1989-05-18 | Kao Corp | Method and apparatus for measuring content of skin moisture |
US5588440A (en) * | 1995-08-10 | 1996-12-31 | Cowie; Jocelyn W. | Method and apparatus for locating and assessing soft tissue lesions |
WO2000062671A1 (en) * | 1999-04-20 | 2000-10-26 | Nova Technology Corporation | Apparatus for measuring relative hydration of a substrate |
US6469524B1 (en) * | 2000-08-25 | 2002-10-22 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | System and method for interrogating a capacitive sensor |
-
1999
- 1999-11-16 FI FI992455A patent/FI111298B/en active
-
2000
- 2000-11-16 WO PCT/FI2000/001001 patent/WO2001036952A1/en active Application Filing
- 2000-11-16 AU AU17090/01A patent/AU1709001A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-11-16 EP EP00979689A patent/EP1238268B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-05-14 US US10/144,357 patent/US6762609B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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GB2148513A (en) * | 1983-09-19 | 1985-05-30 | Kishohin Kagaku Kaiho Kenkyu | Device for measuring moisture contained in the skin or the like |
US4777599A (en) * | 1985-02-26 | 1988-10-11 | Gillette Company | Viscoelastometry of skin using shear wave propagation |
GB2194340A (en) * | 1986-08-21 | 1988-03-02 | Agricultural & Food Res | Moisture content measurement |
US5086279A (en) * | 1989-02-24 | 1992-02-04 | Korber Ag | Method of and apparatus for measuring the moisture content of fibrous materials |
US5459403A (en) * | 1993-04-29 | 1995-10-17 | Imko Micromodultechnik Gmbh | Apparatus for determining the moisture content of a medium |
GB2293017A (en) * | 1994-09-09 | 1996-03-13 | Tsing Yee Amy Chan | Measuring dielectric properties of materials |
DE19652679C1 (en) * | 1996-12-18 | 1998-04-23 | Univ Karlsruhe | Method of determining moisture content in porous building materials using dielectric coefficient measurement |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7315767B2 (en) | 2001-03-06 | 2008-01-01 | Solianis Holding Ag | Impedance spectroscopy based systems and methods |
EP1299029B1 (en) * | 2001-03-06 | 2006-11-22 | Solianis Holding AG | Device for determining the concentration of glucose in body liquid |
US7693561B2 (en) | 2001-03-06 | 2010-04-06 | Solianis Holding Ag | Method and device for determining the concentration of a substance in body liquid |
US7184810B2 (en) | 2002-09-04 | 2007-02-27 | Solianis Holding Ag | Method and a device for measuring glucose |
US7534208B2 (en) | 2002-09-24 | 2009-05-19 | Max Link | Device for the measurement of glucose concentrations |
US7483735B2 (en) | 2002-12-14 | 2009-01-27 | Research Institute Of Tsinghua University | Apparatus and method for monitoring body composition by measuring body dielectric constant and body impedance based on the method of frequency digital sampling |
EP1329190A1 (en) * | 2002-12-14 | 2003-07-23 | Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen | Apparatus and method for monitoring body composition by measuring body dielectric constant and body impedance based on digital frequency sampling |
US8197406B2 (en) | 2003-12-02 | 2012-06-12 | Biovotion Ag | Device and method for measuring a property of living tissue |
WO2007026340A3 (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2007-08-09 | Procter & Gamble | Methods for measuring moisture as a predictor of scalp health |
WO2007026340A2 (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2007-03-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods for measuring moisture as a predictor of scalp health |
WO2007113756A1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-11 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Method and apparatus for determining hydration levels by measuring velocity change |
WO2008006697A2 (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2008-01-17 | Unilever Plc | Dispersed particle compositions for enhancing post wash hydration |
WO2008006697A3 (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2008-03-20 | Unilever Plc | Dispersed particle compositions for enhancing post wash hydration |
US7666443B2 (en) | 2006-07-13 | 2010-02-23 | Conopco, Inc. | Dispersed particle compositions for enhancing post wash hydration comprising amphiphiles and moisturization additives of defined HLB |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1238268A1 (en) | 2002-09-11 |
US20030214311A1 (en) | 2003-11-20 |
EP1238268B1 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
FI111298B (en) | 2003-06-30 |
AU1709001A (en) | 2001-05-30 |
FI19992455A (en) | 2001-05-17 |
US6762609B2 (en) | 2004-07-13 |
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