WO2002011617A1 - Apparatus for monitoring breathing during sleep with passive sensors - Google Patents

Apparatus for monitoring breathing during sleep with passive sensors Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002011617A1
WO2002011617A1 PCT/FR2000/002249 FR0002249W WO0211617A1 WO 2002011617 A1 WO2002011617 A1 WO 2002011617A1 FR 0002249 W FR0002249 W FR 0002249W WO 0211617 A1 WO0211617 A1 WO 0211617A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
microprocessor
monitoring device
sensor
light
sleep
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PCT/FR2000/002249
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French (fr)
Inventor
Raoul Parienti
Bernard Dias
Original Assignee
Raoul Parienti
Bernard Dias
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Raoul Parienti, Bernard Dias filed Critical Raoul Parienti
Priority to PCT/FR2000/002249 priority Critical patent/WO2002011617A1/en
Publication of WO2002011617A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002011617A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
    • A61B5/113—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb occurring during breathing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2503/00—Evaluating a particular growth phase or type of persons or animals
    • A61B2503/06—Children, e.g. for attention deficit diagnosis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for monitoring the respiratory rhythm during sleep with three purposes: avoiding sudden death of the infant, waking up optimally from the sleep cycles, informing about the regularity of nocturnal and corollary breathing on the quality of sleep.
  • apnea in infants in order to prevent the risks of sudden death
  • monitoring the sleep phases and in particular detecting the periods of slow sleep and those of REM sleep , to allow a wake-up call at the most suitable time in view of studies carried out in this area.
  • the wavelength of the signals detected by this invention is in the vicinity of 14.5 micrometers, which does not correspond to the widely used and low cost sensor technologies of today, that described by the document.
  • FR2623388 relating to a device operating without a contact sensor but which on the one hand requires lighting of the part of the individual to be monitored, on the other hand forms a composite image using a set of elements photosensitive.
  • This device is relatively complex and therefore expensive, which makes it incompatible with widespread or even systematic distribution to the public.
  • constant lighting implies a level of energy consumption that is hardly compatible with a light and autonomous device.
  • the subject of the invention is a device for monitoring the respiratory breath of a sleeping subject comprising at least one sensor, electronic means and warning or alarm means characterized in that it comprises a passive infrared sensor capable of detecting the presence of at least one hot spot in the temperature band between 35 ° C and 39 ° C corresponding to that of the expired air and thus of detecting the successive expirations, the said sensor being coupled to a microprocessor programmed to identify the presence of the respiratory rhythm by the analysis of the signals received from the said sensor and in that it comprises means of generation stimulus towards the sleeping subject in the form of a light flash and / or sound signals controlled by the microprocessor in order to restore normal respiratory function in the event of respiratory dysfunction or prolonged apnea detected by the microprocessor or to wake up the sleeping subject.
  • Said sound stimuli can advantageously be a voice message prerecorded by a relative according to one of the known technologies and perceived as pleasant by the sleeper.
  • FIG. 1 a front view of the box containing a device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 a rear view of the box of FIG. 1 provided with a quick fixing device
  • FIG. 3 an organic diagram of the different sub-assemblies making up the device according to the invention.
  • the invention is in the form of a small case (1) easily removable and transportable, designed to be fixed near and in visibility of the person whose breathing must be monitored.
  • a quick fastening system (13) allows the housing (1) to be fixed on any element of the bed.
  • the principle of the invention consists in detecting the expiration phases of the sleeping subject thanks to a passive infrared sensor capable of identifying the infrared signals characteristic of the temperature of the exhaled air typically in the interval 35-39 degrees C °. .
  • the housing (1) is provided with a passive infrared sensor (5).
  • the solid angle covered by this sensor is sufficiently wide, of the order of 40 to 60 degrees, so as not to require precise orientation of the device.
  • the information coming from the sensor (5) is processed by electronics orchestrated by a microprocessor (2) which manages a set of ROM (4) and RAM (3) memory and different sub-sets: a set of green light-emitting diodes (7), a set of yellow light-emitting diodes (8), a display screen (11), a self-test key (9), a self-test light (10), an electronic flash (6), an acoustic generator (14), an alarm button (15), an optional micro printer (12).
  • a microprocessor (2) which manages a set of ROM (4) and RAM (3) memory and different sub-sets: a set of green light-emitting diodes (7), a set of yellow light-emitting diodes (8), a display screen (11), a self-test key (9), a self-test light (10), an electronic flash (6), an acoustic generator (14), an alarm button (15), an optional micro printer (12).
  • the housing incorporates an energy supply source (16) consisting of an electrically rechargeable battery.
  • the ROM memory (4) stores the different procedures for analyzing the information collected by the passive sensor. Only infrared signals whose temperature corresponds to the temperature of the expiration air will be considered. In addition to avoid that a hot object, such as a radiator, located in the aforementioned solid angle could be interpreted as an expiratory breath, the detections corresponding to the temperature interval concerned will only be taken into account if they have a characteristic of fluctuation or periodicity like expirations.
  • the housing (1) is provided with means allowing a micro printer (12) to be joined and to be connected with said housing (1).
  • the electronics of the box will carry out a calibration test of the sensitivity of the device.
  • the microprocessor (2) will look in the solid angle for the presence of signals in the temperature range corresponding to the expirations.
  • the diode (10) will light up in red.
  • the diode (10) lights up in yellow.
  • the microprocessor will then seek the alternations between expirations and inspirations, the inspiration corresponding to an absence of detection.
  • the self-test diode (10) lights up in green, thus indicating that the device object of the invention is operational. This LED remains on for a few seconds before going out.
  • the monitoring device is provided with a light-emitting diode (10) capable, during the implementation of the device, at the pressure of the self-test key (9) of lighting up:
  • the respiratory rate decreases very appreciably. This feature allows the microprocessor to be able to follow the sleeping phases of the sleeping person in real time.
  • the green (7) and yellow (8) diodes will indicate on a pre-programmed time scale the time elapsed since the start of the current sleep phase.
  • the 6 green diodes correspond to a duration of 90 minutes, the diodes lighting up in turn for 15 minutes each, and the 5 yellow diodes correspond to a duration of 15 minutes, each diode lighting up take turns for 3 minutes.
  • the yellow (8) and green (7) LEDs only light up when the self - test button (9) is pressed.
  • the invention is provided with a passive infrared sensor (5) designed to recognize the presence of a hot spot in the temperature range between about 35 ° and 39 ° C, corresponding to that of the exhaled air. It is also provided with a microprocessor (2) programmed to follow the alternation between the expiration phases (detection of an infrared signal in the aforementioned band) and the inspiration phases (absence of detection).
  • the first function of the invention consists in detecting the appearance of apnea by the prolonged absence of detection of the hot spot corresponding to the expiration.
  • experience shows that slight acoustic and / or light stimuli are generally sufficient to restore normal respiratory functioning.
  • the invention is provided with a luminous electronic flash and an acoustic generator capable of triggering such stimuli.
  • the invention causes an audible alarm in order to alert any person located nearby.
  • the self-test diode (10) continuously emits a flashing red signal, until the next manipulation of the device.
  • the invention also makes it possible to constantly know the sleep phases of a sleeper and in particular of an infant. Sleep cycles are characterized by an alternation of slow sleep phases which generally last one hour and thirty minutes and deep sleep, or paradoxical phases, which generally last fifteen minutes. The duration of these phases differs slightly in particular from one person to another.
  • the transition to the deep sleep phase which also corresponds to the dream phase, is characterized by a noticeable slowdown in the respiratory rate.
  • waking up during this phase is inappropriate because it disturbs both the mood and the efficiency of the former sleeper.
  • the invention provides a relevant response to this concern. It also makes it possible to wake the infant at the right time for the change or the bottle.
  • the microprocessor (2) permanently monitors the expires / inspires cycles of the person under surveillance thanks to the monitoring of the alternation between phases of detection of presence of radiation (expires) and absence of radiation (inspires) .
  • the respiratory rate will be quickly identified after a few periods of the above cycle.
  • the microprocessor (2) deduces therefrom that the sleeper passes from the phase of slow sleep to that of deep sleep, and vice versa when the rhythm increases.
  • the housing (1) is provided with a button (15) whose pressure makes it possible to wake the sleeper at the appropriate time.
  • the wake-up button (15) is pressed, the microprocessor (2) emits an audible signal intended to wake the sleeper unless the sleeper is in the deep sleep phase, in which case the microprocessor waits for the end of this phase to send said signal. sound.
  • the invention also makes it possible to provoke the awakening of a person at when appropriate, this particular application of the invention is developed further.
  • a set of light-emitting diodes makes it possible to indicate where the sleeper is located within his sleep cycle. For example, six green diodes (7) light up successively to indicate the situation inside the slow sleep phase, the diode change taking place for example every quarter of an hour, and five yellow diodes (8) light up successively to indicate the situation inside the deep sleep phase, the diode changing taking place every three minutes.
  • These indicative values can be previously defined, configurable or estimated by the device itself.
  • the device is provided, in an integrated or additional manner, with a means of printing on paper, like a calculator with a printer.
  • the microprocessor having recorded in the RAM memory (3) all of the elementary detections and having carried out synthesis processing on these will publish a chronograph presenting the parameters useful for an analysis of the quality of breathing and sleep.
  • the housing (1) is provided with an interface allowing to connect a micro printer (12) capable of printing a chronograph presenting the parameters useful for an analysis of the quality of breathing and sleep, the microprocessor (2) having recorded in the RAM memory (3) all the elementary detections and having carried out synthetic processing on these.
  • the device is provided with a screen (11) capable of displaying quantitative indications on the quality of sleep, the regularity of breathing, the possible presence of apneas with their frequencies and their durations.
  • the microprocessor (2) is capable of determining, at the end of a sleep period, summary information relating in particular to the regularity of the respiratory rhythm, the number of apneas, their durations, their frequency and to display them by means of the screen (11).
  • a specific and low-cost integrated circuit intended to be integrated into an alarm clock, incorporates a microprocessor (2) having software in ROM (4) making it possible to identify the sleep phases of the sleeper by scrutinizing the variations in the respiratory rhythm, in order to shift by a few minutes the waking time previously programmed to cause the waking up at a convenient time by prohibiting to trigger said waking up during the deep sleep phase, the waking up then being effected either a shortly before said deep sleep phase or shortly after.

Abstract

The invention concerns a device for monitoring a baby's breathing comprising at least a sensor, electronic means and warning or alarm means adapted to: detect the presence of at least a hot spot in the temperature range between 35 and 39 °C corresponding to that of expired air by means of a passive infrared sensor (5); identify the presence of the respiratory rhythm by analysing the signals received from said sensor and with a microprocessor provided with ROM software enabling it to detect successive breathing out phases; to trigger stimuli in the form of a light flash (6) and acoustic signals (14) in case of respiratory dysfunction or prolonged apnea.

Description

Appareil de surveillance du souffle respiratoire durant le sommeil par capteurs passifs Respiratory monitoring device during sleep by passive sensors
La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de surveillance du rythme respiratoire durant le sommeil avec trois finalités : éviter la mort subite du nourrisson, réveiller de manière optimale par rapport aux cycles de sommeil, informer sur la régularité de la respiration nocturne et en corollaire sur la qualité du sommeil. Depuis de nombreuses années des recherches ont été réalisées sur différents aspects du sommeil. Plusieurs demandes de brevets et brevets décrivent des procédés et dispositifs susceptibles notamment : de détecter une apnée du nourrisson afin de prévenir les risques de mort subite, de suivre les phases de sommeil et en particulier de détecter les périodes de sommeil lent et celles de sommeil paradoxal, de permettre un réveil à l'heure la mieux adaptée au vu des études réalisées dans ce domaine.The present invention relates to a method and a device for monitoring the respiratory rhythm during sleep with three purposes: avoiding sudden death of the infant, waking up optimally from the sleep cycles, informing about the regularity of nocturnal and corollary breathing on the quality of sleep. For many years research has been carried out on various aspects of sleep. Several patent and patent applications describe methods and devices which are capable in particular of: detecting apnea in infants in order to prevent the risks of sudden death, monitoring the sleep phases and in particular detecting the periods of slow sleep and those of REM sleep , to allow a wake-up call at the most suitable time in view of studies carried out in this area.
Les dispositifs classiques présentent l'inconvénient d'être encombrants, onéreux et/ou peu pratiques de mise en œuvre.Conventional devices have the drawback of being bulky, expensive and / or impractical to implement.
C'est le cas par exemple des dispositifs basés sur des capteurs devant être placés au contact du dormeur, par exemple autour du cou ou du poignet, tels que ceux décrits dans les documents FR2700683 , O93/02731, W097/14354, W096/18176, WO96/28093, WO95/05119, WO92/03983, WO94/04071, FR2705026, EP371424, FR2664487, FR2729071, EP178197. D'autres dispositifs sans capteur de contact ont été imaginés mais restent . onéreux ou difficiles à mettre en œuvre. C'est le cas par exemple : de celui décrit par le document US4738266 adapté à un usage en milieu hospitalier de part sa grande complexité de conception et des coûts très élevés associés, de ceux intégrés sous l'oreiller ou sur le matelas tels que ceux décrits par les documents FR2728775 et O97/40748, de celui décrit par le document WO 97/26824 constitué d'une barrière de diodes émissives dont les rayons sont masqués périodiquement lors des expirations, de celui décrit par le document US4350166 qui porte sur la détection de signaux infrarouges lointains subissant une absorption plus ou moins importante due à la présence de dioxyde de carbone dans l'air expiré. Ceci implique que la longueur d'onde des signaux détectés par cette invention se situe au voisinage de 14,5 micromètres, ce qui ne correspond pas aux technologies de capteur largement répandues et faible coût d' aujourd'nui, de celui décrit par le document FR2623388, portant sur un dispositif fonctionnant sans capteur de contact mais qui d'une part nécessite un 'éclairage de la partie de l'individu à surveiller, d'autre part forme une image composite à l'aide d'un ensemble d'éléments photosensibles. Ce dispositif est relativement complexe donc onéreux ce qui le rend incompatible avec une diffusion large voire systématique auprès du public. De surcroît l' éclairement constant implique un niveau de consommation énergétique difficilement compatible avec un dispositif léger et autonome.This is the case for example of devices based on sensors to be placed in contact with the sleeper, for example around the neck or the wrist, such as those described in documents FR2700683, O93 / 02731, W097 / 14354, W096 / 18176 , WO96 / 28093, WO95 / 05119, WO92 / 03983, WO94 / 04071, FR2705026, EP371424, FR2664487, FR2729071, EP178197. Other devices without contact sensor have been imagined but remain. expensive or difficult to implement. This is the case for example: that described in document US4738266 suitable for use in a hospital environment due to its great design complexity and the very high associated costs, of those integrated under the pillow or on the mattress such as those described by documents FR2728775 and O97 / 40748, of that described by the document WO 97/26824 consisting of a barrier of emitting diodes whose rays are periodically masked during expirations, of that described by the document US4350166 which relates to the detection of far infrared signals undergoing absorption more or less important due to the presence of carbon dioxide in the exhaled air. This implies that the wavelength of the signals detected by this invention is in the vicinity of 14.5 micrometers, which does not correspond to the widely used and low cost sensor technologies of today, that described by the document. FR2623388, relating to a device operating without a contact sensor but which on the one hand requires lighting of the part of the individual to be monitored, on the other hand forms a composite image using a set of elements photosensitive. This device is relatively complex and therefore expensive, which makes it incompatible with widespread or even systematic distribution to the public. In addition, constant lighting implies a level of energy consumption that is hardly compatible with a light and autonomous device.
D'autres dispositifs ont été réalisés utilisant des radars ultrasensibles susceptibles de détecter tout mouvement. Ces dispositifs très sensibles sont peu fiables et, de plus, ils soumettent le corps à un rayonnement électromagnétique permanent. Or, des études récentes indiquent que l'on ne peut exclure un rôle potentiellement pathogène de ce type de rayonnement sur le corps humain et à fortiori sur le jeune enfant.Other devices have been produced using ultra-sensitive radars capable of detecting any movement. These highly sensitive devices are unreliable and, moreover, they subject the body to permanent electromagnetic radiation. However, recent studies indicate that one cannot exclude a potentially pathogenic role from this type of radiation on the human body and a fortiori on the young child.
A ce jour, il apparaît qu'aucun des dispositifs décrits par l'un quelconque des documents ci-dessus cités n'a connu de diffusion au niveau du marché grand public.To date, it appears that none of the devices described by any of the above-mentioned documents has been distributed to the general public market.
L'invention présentée dans le présent document permet de remédier à tous les inconvénients précités.The invention presented in this document overcomes all of the aforementioned drawbacks.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet, un dispositif de surveillance du souffle respiratoire d'un sujet endormi comprenant au moins un capteur, des moyens électroniques et des moyens d'avertissement ou d'alarme caractérisée en ce qu' il comprend, un capteur infrarouge passif capable de détecter la présence d' au moins un point chaud dans la bande de température comprise entre 35°C et 39°C correspondant à celle de l'air expiré et de détecter ainsi les expires successifs, le dit capteur étant couplé à un microprocesseur programmé pour identifier la présence du rythme respiratoire par l'analyse des signaux reçus du dit capteur et en ce qu'il comprend des moyens de génération de stimulus en direction du sujet endormi sous forme de flash lumineux et/ou de signaux sonores commandés par le microprocesseur dans le but de rétablir un fonctionnement respiratoire normal en cas de dysfonctionnement respiratoire ou d'apnée prolongé détectés par le microprocesseur ou encore pour réveiller le sujet endormi. Lesdites stimulus sonores peuvent avantageusement être un message vocale préenregistré par un proche selon l'une des technologies connues et perçu comme agréable par le dormeurTo this end, the subject of the invention is a device for monitoring the respiratory breath of a sleeping subject comprising at least one sensor, electronic means and warning or alarm means characterized in that it comprises a passive infrared sensor capable of detecting the presence of at least one hot spot in the temperature band between 35 ° C and 39 ° C corresponding to that of the expired air and thus of detecting the successive expirations, the said sensor being coupled to a microprocessor programmed to identify the presence of the respiratory rhythm by the analysis of the signals received from the said sensor and in that it comprises means of generation stimulus towards the sleeping subject in the form of a light flash and / or sound signals controlled by the microprocessor in order to restore normal respiratory function in the event of respiratory dysfunction or prolonged apnea detected by the microprocessor or to wake up the sleeping subject. Said sound stimuli can advantageously be a voice message prerecorded by a relative according to one of the known technologies and perceived as pleasant by the sleeper.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtrons à l'aide de la description qui suit faite en regard des dessins annexés qui représentent:Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent with the aid of the description which follows given with reference to the appended drawings which represent:
La figure 1 une vue avant du boîtier renfermant un dispositif selon l'invention,FIG. 1 a front view of the box containing a device according to the invention,
La figure 2 une vue arrière du boîtier de la figure 1 muni d'un dispositif de fixation rapide,FIG. 2 a rear view of the box of FIG. 1 provided with a quick fixing device,
La figure 3 un schéma organique des différents sous- ensembles composant le dispositif selon l'invention.FIG. 3 an organic diagram of the different sub-assemblies making up the device according to the invention.
L'invention se présente sous la forme d'un petit boîtier (1) aisément amovible et transportable, conçu pour être fixé à proximité et en visibilité de la personne dont il faut surveiller la respiration. Un système de fixation rapide (13) permet de fixer le boîtier (1) sur un élément quelconque du lit.The invention is in the form of a small case (1) easily removable and transportable, designed to be fixed near and in visibility of the person whose breathing must be monitored. A quick fastening system (13) allows the housing (1) to be fixed on any element of the bed.
Le principe de l'invention consiste à détecter les phases d'expiration du sujet endormis grâce à un capteur passif infrarouge capable d' identifier les signaux infrarouges caractéristiques de la température de l'air exhalé typiquement dans l'intervalle 35-39 degrés C° . Le boîtier (1) est pourvu d'un capteur infrarouge passif (5) . L'angle solide couvert par ce capteur est suffisamment large, de l'ordre de 40 à 60 degrés, afin de ne pas nécessiter une orientation précise de l'appareil. Les informations provenant du capteur (5) sont traitées par une électronique orchestrée par un microprocesseur (2) lequel gère un ensemble mémoire ROM (4) et RAM (3) et différents sous ensembles : un ensemble de diodes électroluminescentes vertes (7) , un ensemble de diodes électroluminescentes jaunes (8), un écran d'affichage (11), une touche d' autotest (9), un voyant d' autotest (10), un flash électronique (6), un générateur acoustique (14) , une touche de réveil (15), une micro imprimante optionnelle (12) .The principle of the invention consists in detecting the expiration phases of the sleeping subject thanks to a passive infrared sensor capable of identifying the infrared signals characteristic of the temperature of the exhaled air typically in the interval 35-39 degrees C °. . The housing (1) is provided with a passive infrared sensor (5). The solid angle covered by this sensor is sufficiently wide, of the order of 40 to 60 degrees, so as not to require precise orientation of the device. The information coming from the sensor (5) is processed by electronics orchestrated by a microprocessor (2) which manages a set of ROM (4) and RAM (3) memory and different sub-sets: a set of green light-emitting diodes (7), a set of yellow light-emitting diodes (8), a display screen (11), a self-test key (9), a self-test light (10), an electronic flash (6), an acoustic generator (14), an alarm button (15), an optional micro printer (12).
Le boîtier intègre une source d'alimentation en énergie (16) constituée d'une pile électrique éventuellement rechargeable.The housing incorporates an energy supply source (16) consisting of an electrically rechargeable battery.
La mémoire ROM (4) mémorise les différentes procédures d'analyse des informations recueillies par le capteur passif. Seuls seront considérés les signaux infrarouges dont la température correspond à la température de l'air de l'expiration. De plus pour éviter qu'un objet chaud, tel qu'un radiateur, situé dans l'angle solide précité puisse être interprété comme un souffle expiratoire, les détections correspondant à l' intervalle de température concerné ne seront prises en considération que si elles présentent une caractéristique de fluctuation ou de périodicité à l' image des expirations .The ROM memory (4) stores the different procedures for analyzing the information collected by the passive sensor. Only infrared signals whose temperature corresponds to the temperature of the expiration air will be considered. In addition to avoid that a hot object, such as a radiator, located in the aforementioned solid angle could be interpreted as an expiratory breath, the detections corresponding to the temperature interval concerned will only be taken into account if they have a characteristic of fluctuation or periodicity like expirations.
Sur l'une des faces de l'invention non visible de la personne sous surveillance se trouve : la touche d' autotest (9) et le voyant d' autotest (10); la touche réveil (15) ; la série de diodes électroluminescentes vertes (7) et jaunes (8) ; l'écran d'affichage (11) . Selon une option de l'invention le boîtier (1) est pourvu d'un moyen permettant à une micro imprimante (12) de se solidariser et se connecter avec ledit boîtier (1) .On one side of the invention not visible to the person under surveillance is: the self-test button (9) and the self-test lamp (10); the wake-up button (15); the series of green (7) and yellow (8) light-emitting diodes; the display screen (11). According to an option of the invention, the housing (1) is provided with means allowing a micro printer (12) to be joined and to be connected with said housing (1).
Lors de la mise en œuvre du dispositif, à la pression de la touche d' autotest (9), l'électronique du boîtier va procéder à un test d'étalonnage de la sensibilité de l'appareil. Pour cela le microprocesseur (2) va chercher dans l'angle solide la présence de signaux dans la plage de température correspondant aux expirations. Durant cette phase de recherche la diode (10) va s'éclairer en rouge.During the implementation of the device, on pressing the self-test key (9), the electronics of the box will carry out a calibration test of the sensitivity of the device. For this, the microprocessor (2) will look in the solid angle for the presence of signals in the temperature range corresponding to the expirations. During this search phase the diode (10) will light up in red.
Une fois que la présence de signaux correspondant à la plage de température caractéristique de l'expiration est détectée, la diode (10) s'éclaire en jaune. Le microprocesseur va alors chercher les alternances entre expirations et inspirations, l'inspiration correspondant à une absence de détection.Once the presence of signals corresponding to the temperature range characteristic of expiration is detected, the diode (10) lights up in yellow. The microprocessor will then seek the alternations between expirations and inspirations, the inspiration corresponding to an absence of detection.
Lorsque le microprocesseur (2) a identifié la présence de plusieurs alternances successives (au moins deux) , la diode d' autotest (10) s'éclaire en vert indiquant ainsi que l'appareil objet de l'invention est opérationnel. Cette diode reste alors allumée durant quelques secondes avant de s' éteindre.When the microprocessor (2) has identified the presence of several successive half-waves (at least two), the self-test diode (10) lights up in green, thus indicating that the device object of the invention is operational. This LED remains on for a few seconds before going out.
Ainsi le dispositif de surveillance est pourvu d'une diode électroluminescente (10) capable lors de la mise en œuvre du dispositif, à la pression de la touche d' autotest (9) de s'éclairer:Thus, the monitoring device is provided with a light-emitting diode (10) capable, during the implementation of the device, at the pressure of the self-test key (9) of lighting up:
- en rouge lorsque le microprocesseur (2) cherche dans l'angle solide couvert par le capteur (5) au moins un point chaud dans la plage de température correspondant aux expirations,- in red when the microprocessor (2) searches in the solid angle covered by the sensor (5) for at least one hot spot in the temperature range corresponding to the expirations,
- en jaune lorsque le microprocesseur à détecté grâce au capteur (5) au moins un point chaud dans la plage de température précitée et cherche la présence d'un rythme respiratoire, .- en vert lorsque le microprocesseur à détecté la présence d' au moins un point chaud dans la plage de température précitée et à identifié la présence d'un rythme respiratoire. L'appareil va ensuite suivre les expirations en continu. Une caractéristique de différentiation aisée à observer entre le sommeil lent et le sommeil paradoxal est précisément le rythme respiratoire.- in yellow when the microprocessor has detected thanks to the sensor (5) at least one hot spot in the aforementioned temperature range and searches for the presence of a respiratory rhythm, .- in green when the microprocessor has detected the presence of at least a hot spot in the aforementioned temperature range and identified the presence of a respiratory rhythm. The device will then follow the expirations continuously. An easily differentiating characteristic to observe between slow sleep and REM sleep is precisely the respiratory rate.
Durant les phases de sommeil profond, qui durent environ 15 minutes contre 90 minutes de sommeil lent, le rythme respiratoire diminue très sensiblement. Cette caractéristique permet au microprocesseur de pouvoir suivre en temps réel les phases de sommeil de la personne endormie.During the deep sleep phases, which last about 15 minutes against 90 minutes of slow sleep, the respiratory rate decreases very appreciably. This feature allows the microprocessor to be able to follow the sleeping phases of the sleeping person in real time.
Les diodes vertes (7) et jaunes (8) vont indiquer selon une échelle de temps préprogrammée le temps, écoulé depuis le début de la phase de sommeil en cours.The green (7) and yellow (8) diodes will indicate on a pre-programmed time scale the time elapsed since the start of the current sleep phase.
Selon un mode de réalisation les 6 diodes vertes correspondent à une durée de 90 minutes, les diodes s' éclairant à tour de rôle durant 15 minutes chacune, et les 5 diodes jaunes correspondent à une durée de 15 minutes, chaque diode s' éclairant à tour de rôle durant 3 minutes. Les diodes jaunes (8) et vertes (7) s'éclairent uniquement à la pression de la touche d' autotest (9).According to one embodiment, the 6 green diodes correspond to a duration of 90 minutes, the diodes lighting up in turn for 15 minutes each, and the 5 yellow diodes correspond to a duration of 15 minutes, each diode lighting up take turns for 3 minutes. The yellow (8) and green (7) LEDs only light up when the self - test button (9) is pressed.
L'invention est pourvue d'un capteur infrarouge passif (5) conçu pour reconnaître la présence d'un point chaud dans l'intervalle de température entre 35° et 39°C environ, correspondant à celle de l'air expiré. Elle est également pourvue d'un microprocesseur (2) programmé pour suivre l'alternance entre les phases d'expirations (détection d'un signal infrarouge dans la bande précitée) et les phases d'inspiration (absence de détection).The invention is provided with a passive infrared sensor (5) designed to recognize the presence of a hot spot in the temperature range between about 35 ° and 39 ° C, corresponding to that of the exhaled air. It is also provided with a microprocessor (2) programmed to follow the alternation between the expiration phases (detection of an infrared signal in the aforementioned band) and the inspiration phases (absence of detection).
La première fonction de l'invention consiste à détecter l'apparition d'une apnée par l'absence prolongée de détection du point chaud correspondant à l'expiration. Dans un tel cas l'expérience montre que de légers stimulus acoustiques et/ou lumineux suffisent généralement pour rétablir le fonctionnement respiratoire normal. Ainsi l'invention est pourvue d'un flash électronique lumineux et d'un générateur acoustique capable de déclencher de tels stimulus. Cependant, dans l'éventualité où ces stimulus s'avèrent insuffisants pour rétablir le fonctionnement respiratoire normal au bout d'une période préalablement définie l'invention provoque une alarme sonore afin d'alerter toute personne située à proximité. En cas de dysfonctionnement respiratoire ayant provoqué le déclenchement d'un stimulus lumineux et ou acoustique, la diode d' autotest (10) émet en permanence un signal clignotant rouge, jusqu'à la prochaine manipulation du dispositif. L' invention permet également de connaître en permanence les phases de sommeil d'un dormeur et en particulier d'un nourrisson. Les cycles du sommeil se caractérisent par une alternance de phases de sommeil lent qui durent généralement une heure et trente minutes et de phases de sommeil profond, ou paradoxales, qui durent généralement quinze minutes. La durée de ces phases diffère légèrement en particulier d'une personne à l'autre. Le passage en phase de sommeil profond, qui correspond également à la phase onirique, se caractérise par un ralentissement sensible du rythme respiratoire. L'expérience montre qu'un réveil durant cette phase est inopportun car il perturbe tant l'humeur que l'efficacité de l'ex dormeur. L'invention apporte une réponse pertinente à cette préoccupation. Elle permet également de réveiller le nourrisson au bon moment pour le change ou le biberon. En effet, le microprocesseur (2) suit de manière permanente les cycles expire/inspire de la personne sous surveillance grâce au suivi de l' alternance entre des phases de détection de présence de rayonnement (expire) et d'absence de rayonnement (inspire) . Ainsi le rythme respiratoire sera rapidement identifié après quelques périodes du cycle précité.The first function of the invention consists in detecting the appearance of apnea by the prolonged absence of detection of the hot spot corresponding to the expiration. In such a case, experience shows that slight acoustic and / or light stimuli are generally sufficient to restore normal respiratory functioning. Thus the invention is provided with a luminous electronic flash and an acoustic generator capable of triggering such stimuli. However, in the event that these stimuli prove to be insufficient to restore normal respiratory function after a previously defined period, the invention causes an audible alarm in order to alert any person located nearby. In the event of respiratory dysfunction having caused the triggering of a light and or acoustic stimulus, the self-test diode (10) continuously emits a flashing red signal, until the next manipulation of the device. The invention also makes it possible to constantly know the sleep phases of a sleeper and in particular of an infant. Sleep cycles are characterized by an alternation of slow sleep phases which generally last one hour and thirty minutes and deep sleep, or paradoxical phases, which generally last fifteen minutes. The duration of these phases differs slightly in particular from one person to another. The transition to the deep sleep phase, which also corresponds to the dream phase, is characterized by a noticeable slowdown in the respiratory rate. Experience shows that waking up during this phase is inappropriate because it disturbs both the mood and the efficiency of the former sleeper. The invention provides a relevant response to this concern. It also makes it possible to wake the infant at the right time for the change or the bottle. Indeed, the microprocessor (2) permanently monitors the expires / inspires cycles of the person under surveillance thanks to the monitoring of the alternation between phases of detection of presence of radiation (expires) and absence of radiation (inspires) . Thus the respiratory rate will be quickly identified after a few periods of the above cycle.
Lorsque le rythme respiratoire du dormeur ralentit sensiblement, le microprocesseur (2) en déduit que le dormeur passe de la phase de sommeil lent à celle de sommeil profond, et réciproquement lorsque le rythme s'accroît.When the sleeper's respiratory rate slows down appreciably, the microprocessor (2) deduces therefrom that the sleeper passes from the phase of slow sleep to that of deep sleep, and vice versa when the rhythm increases.
Aussi, le boîtier (1) est pourvu d'une touche (15) dont la pression permet de réveiller le dormeur au moment opportun. A la pression de la touche réveil (15) le microprocesseur (2) émet un signal sonore destiné à réveiller le dormeur sauf si celui-ci se trouve en phase de sommeil profond auquel cas le microprocesseur attend la fin de cette phase pour émettre ledit signal sonore. Ainsi, l'invention permet également de provoquer le réveil d'une personne au moment opportun, cette application particulière de l'invention est développée plus loin.Also, the housing (1) is provided with a button (15) whose pressure makes it possible to wake the sleeper at the appropriate time. When the wake-up button (15) is pressed, the microprocessor (2) emits an audible signal intended to wake the sleeper unless the sleeper is in the deep sleep phase, in which case the microprocessor waits for the end of this phase to send said signal. sound. Thus, the invention also makes it possible to provoke the awakening of a person at when appropriate, this particular application of the invention is developed further.
Selon l'un des modes de réalisation de l'invention, un ensemble de diodes électroluminescentes permet d'indiquer où se situe le dormeur à l'intérieur de son cycle de sommeil. Par exemple, six diodes de couleur verte (7) s'éclairent successivement pour indiquer la situation à l'intérieur de la phase de sommeil lent, le changement de diode s'effectuant par exemple tous les quarts d'heure, et cinq diodes jaunes (8) s'éclairent successivement pour indiquer la situation à l'intérieur de la phase de sommeil profond, le changement de diode s' effectuant toutes les trois minutes. Ces valeurs indicatives peuvent être préalablement définies, paramétrables ou estimées par le dispositif lui-même. Selon une version plus élaborée de l'invention le dispositif est pourvu, de manière intégrée ou additionnelle, d'un moyen d'impression sur papier, à l'instar d'une calculette à imprimante. Ainsi, à l'issue d'une nuit ou période de sommeil, le microprocesseur ayant enregistré dans la mémoire RAM (3) l'ensemble des détections élémentaires et ayant effectué des traitements de synthèses sur ceux-ci va éditer un chronographe présentant les paramètres utiles à une analyse de la qualité des respirations et du sommeil. Ainsi le boîtier (1) est pourvu d'une interface autorisant d'y connecter une micro imprimante (12) capable d'imprimer un chronographe présentant les paramètres utiles à une analyse de la qualité des respirations et du sommeil, le microprocesseur (2) ayant enregistré dans la mémoire RAM (3) l'ensemble des détections élémentaires et ayant effectué des traitements de synthèses sur ceux-ci.According to one of the embodiments of the invention, a set of light-emitting diodes makes it possible to indicate where the sleeper is located within his sleep cycle. For example, six green diodes (7) light up successively to indicate the situation inside the slow sleep phase, the diode change taking place for example every quarter of an hour, and five yellow diodes (8) light up successively to indicate the situation inside the deep sleep phase, the diode changing taking place every three minutes. These indicative values can be previously defined, configurable or estimated by the device itself. According to a more elaborate version of the invention, the device is provided, in an integrated or additional manner, with a means of printing on paper, like a calculator with a printer. Thus, at the end of a night or period of sleep, the microprocessor having recorded in the RAM memory (3) all of the elementary detections and having carried out synthesis processing on these will publish a chronograph presenting the parameters useful for an analysis of the quality of breathing and sleep. Thus the housing (1) is provided with an interface allowing to connect a micro printer (12) capable of printing a chronograph presenting the parameters useful for an analysis of the quality of breathing and sleep, the microprocessor (2) having recorded in the RAM memory (3) all the elementary detections and having carried out synthetic processing on these.
. Selon une variante de l'invention, l'appareil est pourvu d'un écran (11) capable d'afficher des indications quantitatives sur la qualité du sommeil, la régularité de la respiration, la présence éventuelle d'apnées avec leurs fréquences et leurs durées. Ainsi le microprocesseur (2) est capable de déterminer à l'issue d'une période de sommeil des informations de synthèses portant notamment sur la régularité du rythme respiratoire, le nombre d'apnées, leurs durées, leur fréquence et de les afficher au moyen de l'écran (11) . Selon une application très généralisée de l'invention un circuit intégré spécifique et de faible coût, destiné à être intégré dans un réveil, intègre un microprocesseur (2) disposant de logiciels en ROM (4) permettant d'identifier les phases de sommeil du dormeur en scrutant les variations du rythme respiratoire, afin de décaler de quelques minutes l'heure du réveil préalablement programmée pour provoquer le réveil à un moment opportun en interdisant de déclencher ledit réveil durant la phase de sommeil profond, le réveil s' effectuant alors soit un peu avant ladite phase de sommeil profond soit un peu après . . According to a variant of the invention, the device is provided with a screen (11) capable of displaying quantitative indications on the quality of sleep, the regularity of breathing, the possible presence of apneas with their frequencies and their durations. Thus the microprocessor (2) is capable of determining, at the end of a sleep period, summary information relating in particular to the regularity of the respiratory rhythm, the number of apneas, their durations, their frequency and to display them by means of the screen (11). According to a very generalized application of the invention a specific and low-cost integrated circuit, intended to be integrated into an alarm clock, incorporates a microprocessor (2) having software in ROM (4) making it possible to identify the sleep phases of the sleeper by scrutinizing the variations in the respiratory rhythm, in order to shift by a few minutes the waking time previously programmed to cause the waking up at a convenient time by prohibiting to trigger said waking up during the deep sleep phase, the waking up then being effected either a shortly before said deep sleep phase or shortly after.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif de surveillance du souffle respiratoire d'un sujet endormi comprenant au moins un capteur (5) , des moyens électroniques (2) et des moyens d'avertissement ou d'alarme (10) caractérisée en ce qu'il comprend un capteur infrarouge passif (5) capable de détecter la présence d'au moins un point chaud dans la bande de température comprise entre 35°C et 39°C correspondant à celle de l'air expiré et de détecter ainsi les expires successifs, le dit capteur (5) étant couplé à un microprocesseur (2) programmé pour identifier la présence du rythme respiratoire par l'analyse des signaux reçus du dit capteur (5) et en ce qu'il comprend des moyens de génération de stimulus en direction du sujet endormi sous forme de flash lumineux (6) et/ou de signaux sonores (14) commandés par le microprocesseur (2) dans le but de rétablir un fonctionnement respiratoire normal en cas de dysfonctionnement respiratoire ou d'apnée prolongé détectés par le microprocesseur (2) , ou encore pour réveiller une personne au moment opportun.1. Device for monitoring the breath of a sleeping subject comprising at least one sensor (5), electronic means (2) and warning or alarm means (10) characterized in that it comprises a sensor passive infrared (5) capable of detecting the presence of at least one hot spot in the temperature band between 35 ° C and 39 ° C corresponding to that of the exhaled air and thus detecting successive exhales, the so-called sensor (5) being coupled to a microprocessor (2) programmed to identify the presence of the respiratory rhythm by analyzing the signals received from said sensor (5) and in that it comprises means for generating stimuli in the direction of the sleeping subject in the form of a flash light (6) and / or sound signals (14) controlled by the microprocessor (2) in order to restore normal respiratory functioning in the event of respiratory dysfunction or prolonged apnea detected by the microprocessor (2) , or still to wake up a person at the right time.
2. Dispositif de surveillance selon la revendication 2 caractérisé en ce que le dispositif est pourvu d'une diode électroluminescente (10) capable lors de la mise en œuvre du dispositif, à la pression de la touche d' autotest (9) de s'éclairer :2. Monitoring device according to claim 2 characterized in that the device is provided with a light emitting diode (10) capable during the implementation of the device, at the pressure of the self-test key (9) of s' illuminate:
- en rouge lorsque le microprocesseur (2) cherche dans l'angle solide couvert par le capteur (5) au moins un point chaud dans la plage de température correspondant aux expirations, - en jaune lorsque le microprocesseur a détecté grâce au capteur (5) au moins un point chaud dans la plage de température précitée et cherche la présence d'un rythme respiratoire,- in red when the microprocessor (2) searches in the solid angle covered by the sensor (5) for at least one hot spot in the temperature range corresponding to the exhalations, - in yellow when the microprocessor has detected thanks to the sensor (5) at least one hot spot in the aforementioned temperature range and searches for the presence of a respiratory rhythm,
- en vert lorsque le microprocesseur a détecté la présence d' au moins un point chaud dans la plage de température précitée et a identifié la présence d'un rythme respiratoire.- in green when the microprocessor has detected the presence of at least one hot spot in the aforementioned temperature range and has identified the presence of a respiratory rhythm.
3. Dispositif de surveillance selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de génération stimulus comprennent un flash électronique (6) générant des flashs lumineux et un générateur acoustique (14) provoquant des signaux sonores, lesdits signaux lumineux et sonores .3. Monitoring device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the stimulus generation means comprise an electronic flash (6) generating light flashes and an acoustic generator (14) causing sound signals, said light and sound signals.
4. Dispositif de surveillance selon la revendication 3 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une diode d' autotest (10) à clignotement permanent en rouge provoqué par tout dysfonctionnement respiratoire ayant provoqué le déclenchement d'un stimulus lumineux et acoustique.4. Monitoring device according to claim 3 characterized in that it comprises a self-test diode (10) with permanent flashing in red caused by any respiratory dysfunction having caused the triggering of a light and acoustic stimulus.
5. Dispositif de surveillance selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 dans lequel le dit microprocesseur est programmé de telle sorte que, à l'issue d'une période de sommeil, des informations de synthèse portant notamment sur la régularité du rythme respiratoire, le nombre d'apnées, leurs durées, leurs fréquences et les affiche sur un écran (11) .5. Monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in which said microprocessor is programmed so that, after a sleep period, summary information relating in particular to the regularity of the respiratory rhythm , the number of apneas, their durations, their frequencies and displays them on a screen (11).
6. Dispositif de surveillance selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une interface permettant la connexion d'une micro imprimante (12) capable d' imprimer un chronographe présentant les paramètres utiles à une analyse de la qualité des respirations et du sommeil, le dit microprocesseur (2) ayant enregistré dans une mémoire (3) l'ensemble des détections élémentaires et ayant effectué des traitements de synthèse sur ceux-ci.6. Monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that it comprises an interface allowing the connection of a micro printer (12) capable of printing a chronograph having the parameters useful for an analysis of the quality of breathing and sleep, said microprocessor (2) having recorded in a memory (3) all of the elementary detections and having performed synthetic treatments on them.
7. Dispositif de surveillance selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre un ensemble de diodes électroluminescentes (7) et (8) permettant d'indiquer si le sujet se situe dans une phase de sommeil lent ou dans la phase de sommeil profond.7. Monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it further comprises a set of light-emitting diodes (7) and (8) making it possible to indicate whether the subject is in a phase of slow sleep or in the deep sleep phase.
8. Dispositif de surveillance selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'une partie de l'ensemble des diodes électroluminescentes (7) permet d'indiquer la situation du sujet dans la phase de sommeil lent et une autre partie de l'ensemble de diodes électroluminescentes (8) permet d'indiquer la situation du sujet dans la phase de sommeil profond.8. Monitoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that a part of the set of light-emitting diodes (7) makes it possible to indicate the situation of the subject in the slow sleep phase and another part of the set of light emitting diodes (8) indicate the subject's situation in the deep sleep phase.
9. Dispositif de surveillance selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 8, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de génération stimulus lumineux et acoustiques comprennent un générateur sonore (14) qui, en réponse à la pression sur une touche réveil (15) émet un signal sonore destiné à réveiller le sujet sauf si celui-ci se trouve en phase de sommeil profond auquel cas le microprocesseur attend la fin de cette phase pour émettre ledit signal sonore. 9. Monitoring device according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that said means for generating light and acoustic stimuli comprise a sound generator (14) which, in response to pressure on a wake-up button (15) emits an audible signal intended to awaken the subject unless the latter is in the deep sleep phase in which case the microprocessor waits for the end of this phase to emit the said audible signal.
10. Dispositif de surveillance selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 9 caractérisé en ce que les dits signaux fournis par ledit capteur (5) sont, en l'absence de dysfonctionnement respiratoire du sujet, des signaux de détection du dit point chaud lors de l' expiration alternée avec des signaux de détection d'absence dudit point chaud lors de l'inspiration.10. Monitoring device according to any one of claims 2 to 9 characterized in that said signals provided by said sensor (5) are, in the absence of respiratory dysfunction of the subject, detection signals of said hot spot during alternating expiration with signals for detecting the absence of said hot spot during inspiration.
11. Dispositif de surveillance selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le microprocesseur (2) disposant de logiciels en mémoire à lecture seule ROM (4) est intégré dans un circuit intégré spécifique, le dit circuit faisant partie intégrante d'un réveil, pour permettre de détecter la variation du rythme des expires et d'identifier les phases de sommeil du sujet afin de décaler de quelques minutes l'heure du réveil préalablement programmée pour provoquer le réveil à un moment opportun.11. Monitoring device according to claim 1 characterized in that the microprocessor (2) having software in read-only memory ROM (4) is integrated in a specific integrated circuit, said circuit forming an integral part of an alarm clock, for allow to detect the variation of the rhythm of expires and to identify the sleep phases of the subject in order to shift by a few minutes the time of awakening previously programmed to cause the awakening at a convenient time.
12. Dispositif de surveillance selon les revendications 1, 3 et 9 caractérisé en ce que les signaux sonore (14) peuvent avantageusement être sous la forme d'un message vocale préenregistré. 12. Monitoring device according to claims 1, 3 and 9 characterized in that the sound signals (14) may advantageously be in the form of a prerecorded voice message.
PCT/FR2000/002249 2000-08-04 2000-08-04 Apparatus for monitoring breathing during sleep with passive sensors WO2002011617A1 (en)

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