WO2002052485A1 - Improved identification reader - Google Patents
Improved identification reader Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002052485A1 WO2002052485A1 PCT/NZ2001/000279 NZ0100279W WO02052485A1 WO 2002052485 A1 WO2002052485 A1 WO 2002052485A1 NZ 0100279 W NZ0100279 W NZ 0100279W WO 02052485 A1 WO02052485 A1 WO 02052485A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- identification reader
- modulation means
- decoding
- microprocessor
- reader
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10544—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum
- G06K7/10821—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum further details of bar or optical code scanning devices
- G06K7/10851—Circuits for pulse shaping, amplifying, eliminating noise signals, checking the function of the sensing device
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/0012—Modulated-carrier systems arrangements for identifying the type of modulation
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved identification reader.
- RFID readers are well known in the art. Typically such devices are used for things such as access control, animal feeding and animal health, inventory control, process control and/or theft/security applications.
- a device such as a transponder is usually passed through a large alternating magnetic field. Often the transponder is in the form of a card.
- the transponder extracts energy from the field and reflects a return signal encoded in a predetermined way such that a unique code contained within the transponder can be detected by the reader.
- the reader is the device which also produces the magnetic field.
- a number of modulation means have been used including amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK) and phase shift keying (PSK).
- ASK amplitude shift keying
- FSK frequency shift keying
- PSK phase shift keying
- formats with have various bit times and bit stream length. The formats cause a number of different modulation means which require the RFID transponders be matched to readers specifically designed for a given modulation means.
- the different modulation means ensure that the existing system and the new system cannot be readily integrated with each other.
- Duplication is also a concern with regard to having to maintain multiple stocklines of finished RFID product (reader). This can be expensive, particularly as sufficient numbers of each type would have to be maintained to satisfy customers.
- an identification reader including, decoding means capable of decoding signals having differing modulation means.
- decoding means for inclusion in identification reader wherein the decoding means is capable of decoding signals having differing modulation means.
- identification reader as being a radio frequency identification reader and the signals as operating in the radio frequency range. This should not be seen as limiting.
- the decoding means may detect any modulation means presently used or likely to be used in the future in ID systems.
- the modulation means which can be decoded include ASK, FSK and PSK modulation means.
- one method by which the present invention could be achieved is to analyse an incoming signal (reflected from the transponder) through multiple tuned amplifiers, determine the encoding techniques using numerous pieces of demodulating hardware, analysing for various bit rates, comparing the bit stream for various preambles, and after this decoding the data. This takes a lot of hardware, space and is expensive to achieve.
- Typical transponders in the industry use the carrier signal from the reader for power and clock. Once the transponder is powered up, the clock circuit will step a counter through its memory containing the data for the device. The data will then encode the incoming signal in some fashion to send the data back to the reader. All of the readers are built specifically to power and read their unique transponders and no other.
- One piece of componentry in these readers is a bandpass amplifier.
- the band is narrow as the reader is configured to only read signals within a particular frequency range that corresponds to the modulation means it expects to receive.
- an identification reader which incorporates a broad spectrum bandpass filter.
- the carrier or data frequency that the filter will pass is in the order of 150 Hz to 125 kHz. This frequency range covers the range of typical modulation means, whether they use ASK, FSK or PSK modulation.
- the filter may be hardware or software and may or may not be associated with an amplifier.
- the amplifier has been designed to have low gain at low frequencies where there is plenty of signal strength due to the "gain" of the coil.
- the amplifier ideally has high gain at high frequencies where the coil is inefficient.
- a microprocessor which will decode the incoming bit stream and find the synchronisation character so that it can read the data bits and check the parity or CRC for accuracy. If the bit stream is acceptable, the microprocessor will send the data to the user computer for further analysis.
- the microprocessor does not determine which type of modulation means was applied to the signal it receives, it merely matches the expected modulation means.
- an additional decoder which calculates which modulation means is being used before the microprocessor is used to find the synchronisation character within that means.
- the additional decoder may be merely extra operating software in an existing microprocessor within a reader.
- the decoder may be separate hardware componentry, for example an additional microprocessor.
- the modulation decoder/detector may work as follows.
- the output of the broadband amplifier may be sent to the decoder where it simply measures the frequency of the modulation signal. If the frequency is a sub-harmonic of the carrier (usually 125 kHz), then it is probably a valid transponder.
- the microprocessor or decoder simply has to decide which of these modulation means is being used and then decides if the data is Manchester, Differential Biphase, Modified Differential Biphase or straight data. Then the decoder assigns a one or zero to it and sends it onto the user's computer via any transfer protocol which can include a RS232 or RS485 Wiegand or ABA interface.
- the present invention utilises software instead of hardware to provide a compact inexpensive reader that can read signals of different modulation means. This makes it relatively easy to upgrade existing systems or integrate systems so that differing identifying devices can be used in the one physical area.
- the present invention also provides the advantage of not having to run large stocklines as only one reader is required to be stocked rather than readers for the variety of multiple modulation means.
- FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of a typical identification system
- Figure 2 is a general block diagram of a typical identification system that has been modified to read all of the standard tags.
- FIG. 3 is a general block diagram of an identification system in accordance with the present invention.
- Figure 1 shows a typical RFID reader.
- the crystal oscillator 1 will clock the microprocessor as well as be divided down by divider 2 to a frequency of typically 125 kHz.
- the crystal 1 can be any multiple of the power frequency so for this example it will be 4.00 MHz.
- the divider 2 will divide it by 32 to produce 125 kHz.
- This signal drives a high current driver 3 that will then drive the antenna coil 4.
- the voltage across the coil 4 is typically anywhere from 75 volts to several hundred volts peak to peak.
- the peak detector 5 will do an AM detector detection of the carrier created on the coil 4.
- the output of the peak detector 5 is inputted to a multistage band pass amplifier 6 that will filter out the noise and amplify the small signal from the coil 4.
- the result of the gain and filtering of the band pass amplifier 6 is a clean signal representing the data from the transponder. This signal could be needed at the next stage.
- the next stage 7 is a detector appropriate to the modulation means being used.
- the detector will create a data bit stream to be supplied to the microprocessor 8.
- the microprocessor 8 will decode the incoming bitstream and find the synchronisation character so it can read the data bits and check the parity or CRC for accuracy. If the bitstream is acceptable, the microprocessor 8 will send the data to the user's computer for further analysis via interface logic such as RS-232, RS-485 or Wiegand 9.
- interface logic such as RS-232, RS-485 or Wiegand 9.
- Figure 2 depicts what a typical designer would do if a true multiple technology reader was needed. Each carrier type and data protocol would have a separate means for amplification and decoding.
- the crystal oscillator 10 will clock the microprocessor as well as be divided down by 11 to a frequency of typically 125 kHz.
- the divider 11 in this example will divide it by 32 to create 125 kHz.
- This signal drives a current driver 12 that will then drive the antenna coil 13.
- the voltage across the coil 13 is typically anywhere from 75 volts to several hundred volts peak to peak.
- Each peak detector or filter will recover the signal that is imposed upon the carrier from the coil 13 and the amplified results are then tested by the microprocessor 19. For instance, if the transponder was designed to send back PSK at the power frequency divided by 2 the first peak detector or filter/amplifier/phase detector 14 will be used to detect or filter, amplify and filter the signal while the phase detector 14 will give a different output each time the signal changes phase. This signal well be received by the microprocessor 19 and tested for sync and parity or CRC (cyclic redundancy check).
- CRC cyclic redundancy check
- Each type of data carrier and modulation has a separate decoding device. If the carrier is 125 kHz (f) divided by 2 (ill) then the first channel is used 14. If the carrier is f74 then the second channel 15 will be used. If the carrier is f78 and 10 then the third channel 16 will be used. If the returning signal is ⁇ 16 then the output of the bandpass amplifier of the fourth channel 17 will decode data because the data is not on a carrier. Raw data is loaded on the main power and reflected back to the reader. The same is true if the returning signal iff/32 or f/64 as seen in the last channel 18.
- FIG. 3 shows the improvements developed for this invention.
- the crystal 21 will oscillate and operate the microprocessor 29 as well as be divided down by the frequency divider 22.
- the resulting signal drives a power amplifier 23 that in turn drives the antenna coil 24.
- the peak detector 26 will pick off the loading that is the result of the transponder 25 being placed in the electromagnetic field of coil 24.
- the output of the peak detector 26 feeds into a broad bandpass amplifier 27 that has little gain at the lower frequencies (f 16 or more) and much more gain at the higher frequencies (up to f/2).
- the bandpass characteristics of this amplifier are necessary to compensate for the lower signal recovery efficiency of the antenna at higher frequencies. The result is * a nearly flat response of the antenna/peak detector/amplifier combination over the frequency range from 100 Hz to 70 kHz.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NZ526638A NZ526638A (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2001-12-12 | Improved identification reader for decoding signals which have different modulation schemes |
EP01272394A EP1356416A4 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2001-12-12 | Improved identification reader |
US10/259,750 US20030090367A1 (en) | 2000-12-20 | 2002-09-30 | Indentification reader |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US25710200P | 2000-12-22 | 2000-12-22 | |
US60/257,102 | 2000-12-22 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/259,750 Continuation US20030090367A1 (en) | 2000-12-20 | 2002-09-30 | Indentification reader |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002052485A1 true WO2002052485A1 (en) | 2002-07-04 |
Family
ID=22974894
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/NZ2001/000279 WO2002052485A1 (en) | 2000-12-20 | 2001-12-12 | Improved identification reader |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1356416A4 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1488118A (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ526638A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002052485A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102930237A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-02-13 | 杭州电子科技大学 | EM4095-based low-frequency card reader device capable of identifying three modulation modes |
WO2021043347A1 (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2021-03-11 | Y Soft Corporation | Device for detection of a signal of passive chips and method for operating the device |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102963394B (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2016-04-13 | 北京交大思诺科技股份有限公司 | FDM capacity multiplica type onboard reception device and responder system |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1997035391A1 (en) * | 1996-03-21 | 1997-09-25 | Amtech Corporation | Spread spectrum frequency hopping reader system |
US6094173A (en) * | 1997-04-18 | 2000-07-25 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for detecting an RFID tag signal |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2738369A1 (en) * | 1995-09-06 | 1997-03-07 | Philips Electronique Lab | DATA EXCHANGE SYSTEM COMPRISING A PLURALITY OF DATA CARRIERS. |
DE19619246C1 (en) * | 1996-05-13 | 1997-07-10 | Texas Instruments Deutschland | Receiver for transponder signal which has been FSK modulated and which includes check codes |
JP3568714B2 (en) * | 1996-12-10 | 2004-09-22 | ローム株式会社 | Non-contact communication system and interrogator used therefor |
-
2001
- 2001-12-12 CN CNA018223230A patent/CN1488118A/en active Pending
- 2001-12-12 EP EP01272394A patent/EP1356416A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-12-12 NZ NZ526638A patent/NZ526638A/en unknown
- 2001-12-12 WO PCT/NZ2001/000279 patent/WO2002052485A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1997035391A1 (en) * | 1996-03-21 | 1997-09-25 | Amtech Corporation | Spread spectrum frequency hopping reader system |
US6094173A (en) * | 1997-04-18 | 2000-07-25 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for detecting an RFID tag signal |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP1356416A4 * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102930237A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-02-13 | 杭州电子科技大学 | EM4095-based low-frequency card reader device capable of identifying three modulation modes |
CN102930237B (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2015-08-12 | 杭州电子科技大学 | The low frequency card reader arrangement of three kinds of modulation systems can be identified based on EM4095 |
WO2021043347A1 (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2021-03-11 | Y Soft Corporation | Device for detection of a signal of passive chips and method for operating the device |
AU2020343846B2 (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2023-06-15 | Y Soft Corporation | Device for detection of a signal of passive chips and method for operating the device |
US11934908B2 (en) | 2019-09-03 | 2024-03-19 | Y Soft Corporation | Device for detection of a signal of passive chips and method for operating the device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NZ526638A (en) | 2004-11-26 |
EP1356416A4 (en) | 2004-11-24 |
EP1356416A1 (en) | 2003-10-29 |
CN1488118A (en) | 2004-04-07 |
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