WO2003038831A1 - Carbon-containing interfacial layer for phase-change memory - Google Patents
Carbon-containing interfacial layer for phase-change memory Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003038831A1 WO2003038831A1 PCT/US2002/029021 US0229021W WO03038831A1 WO 2003038831 A1 WO2003038831 A1 WO 2003038831A1 US 0229021 W US0229021 W US 0229021W WO 03038831 A1 WO03038831 A1 WO 03038831A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- phase
- carbon
- memory
- layer
- interfacial layer
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0004—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements comprising amorphous/crystalline phase transition cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/011—Manufacture or treatment of multistable switching devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/20—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors
- H10N70/231—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors based on solid-state phase change, e.g. between amorphous and crystalline phases, Ovshinsky effect
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/821—Device geometry
- H10N70/826—Device geometry adapted for essentially vertical current flow, e.g. sandwich or pillar type devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/841—Electrodes
- H10N70/8413—Electrodes adapted for resistive heating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/881—Switching materials
- H10N70/882—Compounds of sulfur, selenium or tellurium, e.g. chalcogenides
- H10N70/8828—Tellurides, e.g. GeSbTe
Definitions
- Phase-change materials may exhibit at least two different states.
- the states may be called the amorphous and crystalline states. Transitions between these states may be selectively initiated.
- the states may be distinguished because the amorphous state generally exhibits higher resistivity than the crystalline state.
- the amorphous state involves a more disordered atomic structure and the crystalline state involves a more ordered atomic structure.
- any phase-change material may be utilized; however, in some embodiments, thin- film chalcogenide alloy materials may be particularly suitable.
- each memory cell may be thought of as a programmable resistor, which reversibly changes between higher and lower resistance states.
- the cell may have a large number of states. That is, because each state may be distinguished by its resistance, a number of resistance determined states may be possible allowing the storage of multiple bits of data in a single cell.
- phase-change alloys A variety of phase-change alloys are known. Generally, chalcogenide alloys contain one or more elements from column VI of the periodic table. One particularly suitable group of alloys are GeSbTe alloys.
- a phase-change material may be formed within a passage or pore defined through a dielectric material.
- the phase-change material may be coupled to contacts on either end of the passage.
- the phase-change may be induced by heating the phase-change material.
- a current is applied through a lower electrode that has sufficient resistivity or other characteristics to heat the phase-change material and to induce the appropriate phase change.
- the lower electrode may produce temperatures on the order of 600° C.
- Figure 1 is a greatly enlarged, cross-sectional view in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a greatly enlarged, cross-sectional view of an early stage of fabrication of the device shown in Figure 1 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 3 is a greatly enlarged, cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in
- Figure 4 is a greatly enlarged, cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in Figure 3 at the subsequent stage of manufacturing in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 5 is a greatly enlarged, cross-sectional view of the embodiment of Figure 4 at a subsequent stage of manufacturing in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 6 is a greatly enlarged, cross-sectional view of a subsequent stage of manufacturing in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 7 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view of still a subsequent stage of manufacturing in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 8 is a schematic depiction of a system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- a memory cell 10 may include a phase-change material layer 24.
- the phase-change material layer 24 may be sandwiched between an upper electrode 26 and a lower electrode 14.
- the lower electrode 14 may be cobalt silicide.
- the lower electrode 14 may be any conductive material.
- the upper electrode 26 may be any conductive material.
- the lower electrode 14 may be defined over a semiconductor substrate 12. Over the lower electrode 14, outside the region including the phase-change material layer 24, may be an insulative material 16, such as silicon dioxide or silicon nitride, as two examples.
- a buried wordline (not shown) in the substrate 12 may apply signals and current to the phase- change material 24 through the lower electrode 14.
- a carbon-containing interfacial layer 20 may be positioned between the phase-change material layer 24 and the insulator 16.
- a cylindrical sidewall spacer 22 may be defined within a tubular pore that is covered by the carbon-containing interfacial layer 20 and the phase-change material layer 24.
- the carbon-containing interfacial layer 20 may be formed of silicon carbide. Silicon carbide, in its single crystal form, is a wide band gap semiconductor with alternating hexagonal planes of silicon and carbon atoms. Silicon carbide may be heated to 600° C in operation and may have a resistivity that does not significantly go down with increasing temperature. Therefore, silicon carbide is very effective for heating the phase-change material layer 24. Again, it is desirable to heat the phase-change material layer 24 to induce changes of the phase-change material layer 24 between the amorphous and crystalline states.
- the interfacial layer 20 does not increase its conductivity with increasing temperature to the same degree as other available materials such as cobalt silicide.
- the reduced resistivity at increased temperature makes conventional materials less than ideal as heating electrodes for the phase-change material layer 24.
- relatively high temperatures such as 600° C, where the resistivity of other materials decreases, the effectiveness of the interfacial layer 20 as a heater to induce phase changes is not substantially diminished.
- Silicon carbide in particular, is less prone to losing its resistivity at higher temperatures because it is a wide band gap material.
- Other wide band gap materials include galium nitride and aluminum nitride.
- Other carbon containing materials that may be utilized as the interfacial layer 20 in embodiments of the present invention may include sputtered carbon and diamond.
- the interfacial layer 20 may be deposited, for example, by chemical vapor deposition in the case of silicon carbide and by sputtering in the case of diamond or carbon. Other layer forming techniques may be utilized as well. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to dope the interfacial layer 20 to increase its conductivity. In some embodiments, undoped silicon carbide, for example, may have too high a resistivity, resulting in either too high a temperature or too much voltage drop across the electrodes 14 and 26. Thus, ion implantation, for example, may be utilized to dope the layer 20 with P-type or N-type impurities to improve its conductivity after annealing.
- a layer may be provided to improve the adhesion between the phase-change material layer 24 and the carbon- containing interfacial layer 20.
- Suitable adhesion promoting layers may include any conductive materials including titanium, titanium nitride and Tungsten, as a few examples.
- a semiconductor substrate 12 may be covered with the lower electrode 14 in one embodiment.
- the electrode 14 may then be covered by an insulator 16 and a suitable pore 18 formed through the insulator 16.
- the resulting structure may be blanket deposited, for example using chemical vapor deposition, with the carbon-containing interfacial layer 20 as shown in Figure 3. Thereafter, in some embodiments, the carbon-containing interfacial layer 20 may be subjected to an ion implantation, as shown in Figure 4, to increase its conductivity and to decrease its resistivity after annealing.
- a spacer material 22 may be deposited over the layer 20.
- the spacer material 22 may, in one embodiment, be a chemical vapor deposited oxide.
- the oxide material 22 may then be subjected to an anisotropic etch to form the cylindrical sidewall spacer 22, shown in Figure 6, in the pore 18.
- the phase-change material layer 24 may be formed into the pore 18 and specifically into the region defined by the sidewall spacer 22 so as to contact the layer 20.
- An upper electrode 26 may be deposited over the phase-change material 24. Then, the electrode 26 and the phase-change material 24 may be patterned and etched to form the structure shown in Figure 1.
- the resistivity of the phase-change material heater may be substantially increased while at the same time improving the heating performance of the heater at high temperatures.
- the heater effectively includes the series combination of the lower electrode 14 and the carbon-containing interfacial layer 20.
- a series resistive combination is dominated by the element with the higher resistance, which may be the carbon-containing interfacial layer 20 in some embodiments.
- the resistance of the series combination of layers 20 and 14 may be dominated by the resistance of the interfacial layer 20.
- the memory cell shown in Figure 1 may be replicated to form a memory array including a large number of cells. That memory may be utilized as a memory of a wide variety of processor-based systems such as the system 40 shown in Figure 8.
- the memory may be utilized as the system memory or other memory in a variety of personal computer products such as laptop products or desk top products or servers.
- the memory may be utilized in a variety of processor-based appliances.
- it may be used as memory in processor-based telephones including cellular telephones.
- the use of the phase-change memory may be advantageous in a number of embodiments in terms of lower cost and/or better performance.
- the memory 48 formed according to the principles described herein, may act as a system memory.
- the memory 48 may be coupled to a interface 44, for instance, which in turn is coupled between a processor 42, a display 46 and a bus 50.
- the bus 50 in such an embodiment is coupled to an interface 52 that in turn is coupled to another bus 54.
- the bus 54 may be coupled to a basic input/output system (BIOS) memory 62 and to a serial input/output (SIO) device 56.
- the device 56 may be coupled to a mouse 58 and a keyboard 60, for example.
- the architecture shown in Figure 8 is only an example of a potential architecture that may include the memory 48 using the phase-change material. While the present invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate numerous modifications and variations therefrom. It is intended that the appended claims cover all such modifications and variations as fall within the true spirit and scope of this present invention.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10297198T DE10297198B4 (en) | 2001-10-11 | 2002-09-12 | Memory with carbon-containing intermediate layer, in particular for a phase change memory and method for the production |
KR1020047003548A KR100558149B1 (en) | 2001-10-11 | 2002-09-12 | Carbon-containing interfacial layer for phase-change memory |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/975,272 US6566700B2 (en) | 2001-10-11 | 2001-10-11 | Carbon-containing interfacial layer for phase-change memory |
US09/975,272 | 2001-10-11 |
Publications (1)
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WO2003038831A1 true WO2003038831A1 (en) | 2003-05-08 |
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Family Applications (1)
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PCT/US2002/029021 WO2003038831A1 (en) | 2001-10-11 | 2002-09-12 | Carbon-containing interfacial layer for phase-change memory |
Country Status (6)
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US (2) | US6566700B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100558149B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100470666C (en) |
DE (1) | DE10297198B4 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI222146B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003038831A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (319)
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DE10297198B4 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
DE10297198T8 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
KR20040044882A (en) | 2004-05-31 |
KR100558149B1 (en) | 2006-03-10 |
DE10297198T5 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
US6869841B2 (en) | 2005-03-22 |
CN1610950A (en) | 2005-04-27 |
US20030164515A1 (en) | 2003-09-04 |
US20030073295A1 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
TWI222146B (en) | 2004-10-11 |
CN100470666C (en) | 2009-03-18 |
US6566700B2 (en) | 2003-05-20 |
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