WO2003043688A1 - Systems and methods for communicating with implantable devices - Google Patents
Systems and methods for communicating with implantable devices Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003043688A1 WO2003043688A1 PCT/IB2002/004789 IB0204789W WO03043688A1 WO 2003043688 A1 WO2003043688 A1 WO 2003043688A1 IB 0204789 W IB0204789 W IB 0204789W WO 03043688 A1 WO03043688 A1 WO 03043688A1
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- Prior art keywords
- acoustic
- implant
- patient
- controller
- energy
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-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
- A61N1/37211—Means for communicating with stimulators
- A61N1/37217—Means for communicating with stimulators characterised by the communication link, e.g. acoustic or tactile
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
- A61B5/0031—Implanted circuitry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/0215—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by means inserted into the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/07—Endoradiosondes
- A61B5/076—Permanent implantations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
- A61B5/1112—Global tracking of patients, e.g. by using GPS
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14539—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring pH
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4836—Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods
- A61B5/4839—Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods combined with drug delivery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/56—Details of data transmission or power supply
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
- A61N1/37211—Means for communicating with stimulators
- A61N1/37252—Details of algorithms or data aspects of communication system, e.g. handshaking, transmitting specific data or segmenting data
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
- A61N1/378—Electrical supply
- A61N1/3787—Electrical supply from an external energy source
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/02—Operational features
- A61B2560/0204—Operational features of power management
- A61B2560/0209—Operational features of power management adapted for power saving
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/02—Operational features
- A61B2560/0204—Operational features of power management
- A61B2560/0214—Operational features of power management of power generation or supply
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/02—Operational features
- A61B2560/0204—Operational features of power management
- A61B2560/0214—Operational features of power management of power generation or supply
- A61B2560/0219—Operational features of power management of power generation or supply of externally powered implanted units
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/02—Operational features
- A61B2560/0242—Operational features adapted to measure environmental factors, e.g. temperature, pollution
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/02—Operational features
- A61B2560/0242—Operational features adapted to measure environmental factors, e.g. temperature, pollution
- A61B2560/0247—Operational features adapted to measure environmental factors, e.g. temperature, pollution for compensation or correction of the measured physiological value
- A61B2560/0257—Operational features adapted to measure environmental factors, e.g. temperature, pollution for compensation or correction of the measured physiological value using atmospheric pressure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/04—Constructional details of apparatus
- A61B2560/0406—Constructional details of apparatus specially shaped apparatus housings
- A61B2560/0412—Low-profile patch shaped housings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/028—Microscale sensors, e.g. electromechanical sensors [MEMS]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/42—Details of probe positioning or probe attachment to the patient
- A61B8/4272—Details of probe positioning or probe attachment to the patient involving the acoustic interface between the transducer and the tissue
- A61B8/4281—Details of probe positioning or probe attachment to the patient involving the acoustic interface between the transducer and the tissue characterised by sound-transmitting media or devices for coupling the transducer to the tissue
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
- A61B8/4444—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device related to the probe
- A61B8/4472—Wireless probes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
- A61N1/37211—Means for communicating with stimulators
- A61N1/37235—Aspects of the external programmer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S128/00—Surgery
- Y10S128/903—Radio telemetry
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to systems and methods for measuring
- implants that may be implanted within a body, and more particularly to implants that may be
- Devices are known that may be implanted within a patient's body for
- sensors or transducers may be located deep wifliin the body
- devices may be implanted that perform one or more therapeutic functions
- An implant may include wire leads from the implant
- the implant may be any device to be directly coupled to the implant.
- the implant may be any device to be directly coupled to the implant.
- the implant may be any device to be directly coupled to the implant.
- the implant may be any device to be directly coupled to the implant.
- the implant may be any device to be directly coupled to the implant.
- the implant may be any device to be directly coupled to the implant.
- the implant may be any device to be directly coupled to the implant.
- the implant may be
- an external induction device e.g., an external induction device.
- an external induction device e.g., an external induction device.
- an external induction device e.g., an external induction device.
- radio frequency (RF) transmitter may be used to communicate with the implant.
- RF radio frequency
- transmitter may be able to induce a current within an implant, the implant's receiving
- antenna generally a low impedance coil, may generate a voltage that is too low to
- electromagnetic energy may be used to control an
- a patient's body such as a pressure sensor, a drug delivery
- a pacemaker or a nerve stimulator, would be considered useful.
- the present invention is generally directed to systems and methods for
- the implant may include one
- sensors for monitoring pressure or other physiological parameters may be any sensors for monitoring pressure or other physiological parameters and/or may be any sensors for monitoring pressure or other physiological parameters and/or may be any sensors for monitoring pressure or other physiological parameters and/or may be any sensors for monitoring pressure or other physiological parameters and/or may be any sensors for monitoring pressure or other physiological parameters and/or may be any sensors for monitoring pressure or other physiological parameters and/or may be any sensors for monitoring pressure or other physiological parameters and/or may be any sensors for monitoring pressure or other physiological parameters and/or may be used.
- the present invention is a method to perform one or more therapeutic functions. More particularly, the present invention is a method to perform one or more therapeutic functions. More particularly, the present invention is a method to perform one or more therapeutic functions. More particularly, the present invention is a method to perform one or more therapeutic functions. More particularly, the present invention is a method to perform one or more therapeutic functions. More particularly, the present invention is a method to perform one or more therapeutic functions. More particularly, the present invention is
- a device e.g., a controller, securable to an exterior surface of a patient's body.
- a controller securable to an exterior surface of a patient's body.
- the controller is sufficiently small and portable that it may remain secured to the patient
- the device may be attached to or within
- a patch that may be secured to a patient's skin.
- the device is an external controller that generally includes
- one or more acoustic transducers including a first acoustic transducer, for transmitting
- the controller may also include an energy source for powering the one or more acoustic transducers, and/or a processor or
- the acoustic transducers such as the first acoustic transducer, may be configured for
- the controller may
- the processor may extract sensor data and or other
- controller may include a connector, lead, transmitter, receiver, or other
- a computer personal digital assistant, or a wireless device, such as a cellular phone.
- a wireless device such as a cellular phone.
- controller may be coupled to such an electronic device for transferring sensor data or
- system may include an implant for placement within the patient's
- the implant may include an electrical circuit for performing one or more tasks
- acoustic transducers e.g., a second acoustic transducer, coupled to the electrical circuit
- the electrical circuit may include a switch
- acoustic transducer may receive one or more acoustic signals from the first acoustic
- the switch may be closed and/or opened
- the external controller's processor controls the first
- acoustic transducer to transmit a first acoustic signal/or and a second acoustic signal.
- switch of the implant may be closed when the first acoustic signal is received by the
- the second acoustic transducer is received by the second acoustic transducer.
- acoustic transducer may transmit first and second acoustic signals separated by a delay.
- the switch may be closed and/or opened only when the second acoustic transducer
- the first acoustic transducer may transmit a first
- acoustic signal e.g., an activation signal
- a second acoustic signal e.g.,
- the second acoustic transducer may receive the first and
- the electrical circuit of the implant may extract the set of
- the implant may run
- the external controller may control, monitor, energize,
- the implant and/or program the implant using acoustic telemetry during operation of the implant.
- the implant may include a sensor coupled to the
- the electrical circuit, and the one or more commands may include measuring a physiological
- the second acoustic transmitter may
- the implant may be coupled to a therapeutic device or may include an internal therapeutic device coupled to the
- the electrical circuit may control the therapeutic device in response to a
- the implant may include a pacemaker
- programming and/or interrogation of the pacemaker may be accomplished using acoustic
- implant may include an actuator coupled to the electrical circuit, and the one or more
- commands may include activating the actuator to control a therapeutic device coupled to
- the actuator such as a nerve stimulator or a controlled delivery drug release system.
- the energy storage device of the implant may include a rechargeable
- the system may include an external charger that may include a probe configured for placement against an exterior of
- the charger may include a source of electrical energy, such as a radio
- the probe may include another element
- acoustic transducer e.g., a third acoustic transducer, for converting electrical energy from
- the third acoustic transducer may
- acoustic transducers of the implant e.g., the second acoustic transducer
- a system in accordance with the present invention may include an external
- controller that has sufficient power to control its own operation and to communicate with
- the controller may be any type of the implant. Because of its limited energy requirements, however, the controller may be any type of the implant. Because of its limited energy requirements, however, the controller may be any type of the implant. Because of its limited energy requirements, however, the controller may be any type of the implant. Because of its limited energy requirements, however, the controller may be any type of the implant. Because of its limited energy requirements, however, the controller may be any type of the implant. Because of its limited energy requirements, however, the controller may be any type of the implant.
- the controller may be used to control the patient to engage in normal physical activity.
- the controller may be used to control the patient to engage in normal physical activity.
- the controller may be used to control the patient to engage in normal physical activity.
- an implant e.g., periodically activating or deactivating the implant
- the controller may be more easily programmed or
- system may include a separate external charger that includes a
- the charger may be any type of device of the implant.
- the charger may be any type of device of the implant.
- a relatively bulky device that may include a portable probe for contacting the patient's
- the external controller and charger may be provided as a
- single device e.g., including one or more acoustic transducers and/or one or more
- processors for performing the functions of both devices, as described above.
- FIGS. 1A-1C are schematic drawings, showing exemplary embodiments of an
- FIG. 2 is a schematic of an exemplary circuit for use as an acoustic switch, in
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a patient's body, showing a system for
- FIG. 4 is a schematic of an external controller for communicating with an implant
- FIG. 5 is a schematic of another exemplary embodiment of an implant, in
- FIGS. 1A-1C schematically show several exemplary computing environment
- the implant 110, 210, 310 includes an electrical circuit 112, 212, 312 configured for performing one or more functions or commands when the implant 110,
- the implant 110, 210, 310 is activated, as described further below.
- the implant 110, 210, 310 is activated, as described further below.
- the implant 110, 210, 310 is activated, as described further below.
- the implant 110, 210, 310 is activated, as described further below.
- an energy storage device 114 includes an energy storage device 114 and optionally may include a switch 116 coupled
- acoustic excitation 100 may be activated upon acoustic excitation 100 from an external acoustic energy source
- the switch 116 includes an acoustic transducer 118,
- the switch 116 also includes
- switch circuit 120 such as switch circuit 400 shown in FIG. 2, although alternatively
- switches such as a miniature electromechanical switch and the like (not shown)
- the acoustic transducer 118 may be coupled to the electrical circuit 112, 212, 312 and/or the energy storage device 114, and the switch
- circuit 120 may be eliminated.
- the energy storage device 114 may be any of a variety of known devices, such as
- the energy exchanger preferably, the energy
- storage device 114 is capable of storing electrical energy substantially indefinitely for as
- the acoustic switch 116 remains open, i.e., when the implant 110, 210, 310 is in a
- the energy storage device 114 may be capable of being
- the energy storage is charged from an external source, e.g., inductively using acoustic telemetry, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
- an external source e.g., inductively using acoustic telemetry, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
- the energy storage is charged from an external source, e.g., inductively using acoustic telemetry, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
- the energy storage is charged from an external source, e.g., inductively using acoustic telemetry, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
- the energy storage e.g., inductively using acoustic telemetry
- device 114 includes both a capacitor and a primary, non-rechargeable battery.
- the energy storage device 114 may include a secondary, rechargeable
- the implant 110, 210, 310 may be surgically or minimally invasively inserted
- the electrical circuit 112, 212, 312 may include a control circuit
- implant 210, 310 may be configured for providing one or more therapeutic functions, for
- an atrial defibrillator or pacemaker such as an atrial defibrillator or pacemaker, a pain relief stimulator, a neuro- stimulator, a drug delivery device, and/or a light source used for photodynamic therapy.
- the implant may be used to monitor a radiation dose including ionizing,
- implant 110 may be used to measure one or more physiological parameters within the
- patient's body such as pressure, temperature, electrical impedance, position, strain, pH,
- the implant may operate in one of two modes, a “sleep” or “passive” mode when
- the implant remains dormant and not in use, i.e., when the acoustic switch 116 is open, and an "active" mode, when the acoustic switch 116 is closed, and electrical energy is
- the implant may operate continuously or intermittently. Because the
- acoustic switch 116 is open in the sleep mode, there is substantially no energy
- the implant may
- FIG. 1 A a first prefe ⁇ ed embodiment of an implant 110 is shown in
- the electrical circuit 112 includes a control circuit 122, a biosensor 124 coupled to
- controller 122 controls the controller 122, and a transmitter 128 coupled to the control circuit 122.
- controller 122 may include circuitry for activating or controlling the biosensor 124, for
- the electrical circuit 112 to be transmitted by the transmitter 128.
- the electrical circuit 112 is configured to be transmitted by the transmitter 128.
- the electrical circuit 112 is configured to be transmitted by the transmitter 128.
- the transmitter 128 may include memory (not shown) for storing the data.
- the transmitter 128 may be any type of transmitter 128 for storing the data.
- the transmitter 128 may be any type of transmitter 128 for storing the data.
- an acoustic transmitter outside the body, such as an acoustic transmitter, a radio frequency transmitter, and the
- control circuit 122 is coupled to the acoustic transducer 118 such
- the acoustic transducer 118 may be used as a transmitter 128, as well as a receiver,
- the biosensor 124 may include one or more sensors capable of measuring
- physiological parameters such as pressure, temperature, electrical impedance, position,
- biosensor 124 may
- control circuit 122 relayed by the control circuit 122 to the transmitter 128, which, in turn, may generate a
- the physiological parameter(s) may be transmitted continuously or periodically until the
- acoustic switch 116 is deactivated, or for a fixed predetermined time, as will be
- FIG. IB a second preferred embodiment of an implant 210 is shown
- the electrical circuit 212 includes a control circuit 222 and an actuator 226.
- actuator 226 may be coupled to a therapeutic device (not shown) provided in or otherwise
- the implant 210 such as a light source, a nerve stimulator, a defibrillator, an
- electrochemical oxidation/reduction electrode or a valve communicating with an
- implanted drug reservoir in the implant or otherwise implanted within the body in
- control circuit 222 may activate the actuator
- the acoustic transducer 118 may be coupled to the control circuit 222 for communicating
- a new or unique set of commands to the control circuit 222.
- a particular course of treatment for a patient having the implant 210 may be determined, such as a
- Acoustic signals including commands
- specifying this course of treatment may be transmitted from an external controller (not limited to
- the control circuit 222 may interpret these commands and
- FIG. 1C yet another preferred embodiment of an implant 310 is shown
- the electrical circuit 312 includes a control circuit 322, a biosensor 324, and an
- actuator 326 all of which may be coupled to one another. This embodiment may operate
- control circuit 322 may control the actuator 326 in response to data
- the actuator 326 being provided by a device connected to the actuator 326.
- the actuator 326 is provided by a device connected to the actuator 326.
- the actuator 326 is provided by a device connected to the actuator 326.
- the biosensor 324 may measure
- the control circuit 322 may control the actuator
- FIG. 2 a preferred embodiment of a switch 400 is shown that may be
- the switch 400 includes a piezoelectric transducer, or other acoustic transducer (not shown, but generally
- a "load” maybe coupled to
- the switch 400 such as one of the electrical circuits described above.
- N-channel transistors Ql, Q3 & Q4 are biased to ground and the gate of P-
- channel transistor Q2 is biased to +3N. During this quiescent stage, switch SI is closed
- the transducer's resonant frequency e.g., having a particular frequency, such as the transducer's resonant frequency
- Transistor Ql is thereby switched on and current flows through transistor Ql
- transistor Q2 increases from substantially zero to +3N.
- the increase in voltage switches on transistors Q3 and Q4.
- transistor Q3 begins to conduct current through resistor R4 and main switching transistor
- transistor Ql is connected to ground through transistor Q3, irrespective of whether or not transistor Ql
- switch SI In order to deactivate or open the switch 400, switch SI must be opened, for
- the switch 400 returns to its sleep mode, even if switch SI is again closed.
- the switching operation my be performed using a CMOS
- FIGS. 3 and 4 a system 410 is shown for communicating with an
- the system 410 includes an
- external communications device or controller 414 may include a charger 416, one or
- implants 412 are more implants 412 (only one shown for simplicity), and an external recorder, computer,
- the external controller 414 may include a
- processor or other electrical circuit 418 for controlling its operation, and an energy source
- 420 e.g., a nonrechargeable or a rechargeable battery, coupled to the processor 418
- controller 414 and/or other components of the controller 414, such as a power amplifier or an oscillator
- controller 414 may include one or more acoustic signals
- transducers 422 that are configured for converting between electrical energy and acoustic
- a single acoustic transducer 422 is
- acoustic telemetry i.e., capable both of converting
- controller 414 also includes memory 424 coupled
- the memory 424 may be a temporary buffer that holds data before
- the memory 424 may be a memory card or an eprom (not shown)
- the controller 414 is built into the controller 414 or otherwise coupled to the processor 418.
- the controller is
- an interface 426 such as a lead or connector, or a transmitter and/or
- the controller 414 is carried by a patch 415 that may be secured to a
- the patch 415 may include one or
- the patch 415 may include a single flexible
- controller 414 may be secured between layers
- the patch 415 may include a pair of membranes (not shown) defining the
- the space within which the controller 414 is disposed may be
- the controller 414 controls the acoustic actuator 414 to an outer surface of the patch 415.
- the acoustic actuator 414 to an outer surface of the patch 415.
- transducer(s) may be exposed, e.g., in a window formed in a wall of the patch 415.
- the patch 415 may be formed from a flexible piezoelectric material, such as
- PNDF PNDF or a PNDF copolymer.
- Such polymers may allow the patch 415 to produce
- the wall of the patch 415 itself may provide an acoustic transducer for the
- controller 414 i.e., for transmitting acoustic energy to and/or receiving acoustic energy
- the patch 415 may then be secured to the patient's skin 92 using a material, such as
- the adhesive may be hydrogel, silicon, polyurethane,
- polyethylene polyethylene, polypropylene, fluorocarbon polymer, and the like.
- a polyethylene polypropylene, fluorocarbon polymer, and the like.
- an adhesive may enhance acoustically coupling of the acoustic transducer(s) of the
- controller 414 to the patient's skin 92, and consequently to the implant 412 within the .
- additional wetting material including water, silicone oil,
- silicone gel, hydrogel, and the like, and/or other acoustically conductive material may be
- controller 414 may be carried by a belt (not shown) that may be
- the belt may carry other components of the system 410, e.g., an
- a battery pack (not shown)
- the belt may be carried by the belt that may be coupled to the controller 414 for providing
- the patch 415 may be relatively light and compact, for example, having a
- maximum surface dimension e.g., width or height
- controller 414 may be inconspicuously attached to the patient.
- the patient may be able to resume normal physical activity, without substantial impairment from the controller.
- the internal energy source of the controller 414 may
- the system 410 may be used to control, energize, and/or otherwise communicate
- the controller 414 may be used to activate the
- One or more external acoustic energy waves or signals 430 may be
- the acoustic transducer produces an electrical output that is used to close, open, or
- the acoustic transducer of the implant Preferably, in order to achieve reliable switching, the acoustic transducer of the implant
- 412 is configured to generate a voltage of at least several tenths of a volt upon excitation
- the controller 414 may be configured to direct its acoustic transducer 422 to
- the electrical circuit may monitor the
- implant 412 only closes upon receiving the proper initiation and confirmation signals.
- the acoustic switch may only acknowledge an activation signal that includes
- confirmation signal may be particularly important for certain applications, for example, to
- the controller 414 may transmit a second
- acoustic signal that may be the same as or different than the acoustic wave(s) used to
- the switch may be opened when
- the acoustic transducer of the implant 412 receives this second acoustic signal, e.g., by
- the acoustic transducer generating a termination signal in response to the second acoustic
- the switch may remain closed indefinitely, e.g., until
- the energy storage device (not shown in FIGS. 3 and 4) of the implant 412 is completely
- the acoustic transducer of the implant 412 from the controller 414.
- acoustic switch of the implant 412 may include a timer (not shown), such that the switch remains closed only for a predetermined time, whereupon the switch may automatically
- FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of an implant 510 that does not include
- the implant includes a sensor 512, one or more energy
- transducers 514 one or more energy storage devices 516, and a control circuit 518,
- the sensor 512 is preferably a pressure
- sensor for measuring intra-body pressure such as an absolute variable capacitance type
- one or more other sensors may be provided
- the sensor 512 may be used instead of or in addition to a pressure sensor 512.
- the sensor 512 may be used instead of or in addition to a pressure sensor 512.
- the sensor 512 may be used instead of or in addition to a pressure sensor 512.
- the sensor 512 may be used instead of or in addition to a pressure sensor 512.
- the sensor 512 may be used instead of or in addition to a pressure sensor 512.
- the sensor 512 may
- biosensors capable of measuring physiological parameters, such as
- an external controller 414 in accordance with the present
- invention preferably has only sufficient power to control its own operation and to
- controller 414 may be relatively small and portable, e.g., may be attached to the patient,
- the implant 412 may be used to communicate with the implant 412, e.g., periodically activating or
- the controller 414 may be more easily programmed or reprogrammed than the implant 412 itself, and/or may be
- system 410 may include one or more
- a recorder such as a recorder, a computer, a personal digital assistant, and/or a wireless device, such as
- the electronic device 434 may be directly coupled to the
- controller 414 by a connector or lead (not shown) extending from the patch 415 within
- controller 414 which the controller 414 is provided.
- controller 414 and/or patch 415 are provided.
- a wireless transmitter and/or receiver may include a wireless transmitter and/or receiver (not shown), e.g., a short-range RF
- transceiver for communicating with the electronic device 434.
- the electronic device 434 may be used to extract data from the memory 424 of
- controller 414 e.g., sensor data and the like, received from the implant 412. This data
- the electronic device 434 may be used
- controller 414 e.g., to program commands, timing sequences, and the
- the system 410 may also include an external charger 418.
- the external charger 418 may also include an external charger 418.
- implant 412 may include a rechargeable energy storage device (not shown in FIG. 3),
- capacitors that are coupled to the acoustic transducer (also not
- the charger 416 may include a probe 428, including an acoustic
- the charger 416 also includes a source
- the charger 418 may also include electrical circuits for
- buttons or other controls for activating and/or
- the charger 418 may be used to charge or recharge the implant, e.g., periodically
- the charger 418 includes a substantially more
- the charger 418 is generally a relatively
- the charger 418 may be used
- controller 414 to recharge the controller 414 periodically, e.g., by a direct or wireless coupling.
- controller 414 and patch 415 may be disposable, e.g., after its energy
- an exemplary charger 416 may need to generate about ten kiloPascals (10 kPa) of acoustic energy for about twenty seconds (20 sec.) in
- an exemplary controller 414 may be
- Such acoustic signals may have a duration of as little
- the transducer 422 of the controller 414 may consume about one Watt (1 W) of
- controller 418 may only need sufficient capacity to provide 0.024 Watt seconds per day (0.024 W.secJday). Because of this low energy requirement, the energy source 420, and,
- controller 418 may be relatively compact and portable, as compared to
- the energy source 420 may be self-contained within the controller
- aportable energy source e.g., an
- external battery pack (not shown) may be provided for supplying electrical energy to the
- controller 418 that may be carried by the patient, e.g., on a belt (not shown).
- controller and charger may be provided as a ⁇
- single device (not shown), e.g., including one or more acoustic transducers and or one or
- the implant 412 may operate in a "half-duplex" mode, a quasi-continuous
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
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- Pathology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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- Surgery (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02783381A EP1446188B1 (en) | 2001-11-19 | 2002-11-16 | System for communicating with implantable devices |
DE60236884T DE60236884D1 (en) | 2001-11-19 | 2002-11-16 | SYSTEM FOR COMMUNICATING WITH IMPLANTABLE DEVICES |
CA002463293A CA2463293A1 (en) | 2001-11-19 | 2002-11-16 | Systems and methods for communicating with implantable devices |
AU2002347447A AU2002347447A1 (en) | 2001-11-19 | 2002-11-16 | Systems and methods for communicating with implantable devices |
AT02783381T ATE472345T1 (en) | 2001-11-19 | 2002-11-16 | SYSTEM FOR COMMUNICATION WITH IMPLANTABLE DEVICES |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/989,912 | 2001-11-19 | ||
US09/989,912 US7024248B2 (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2001-11-19 | Systems and methods for communicating with implantable devices |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003043688A1 true WO2003043688A1 (en) | 2003-05-30 |
Family
ID=25535575
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2002/004789 WO2003043688A1 (en) | 2001-11-19 | 2002-11-16 | Systems and methods for communicating with implantable devices |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US7024248B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP1446188B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE472345T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002347447A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2463293A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60236884D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003043688A1 (en) |
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DE60236884D1 (en) | 2010-08-12 |
US7024248B2 (en) | 2006-04-04 |
AU2002347447A1 (en) | 2003-06-10 |
EP1446188B1 (en) | 2010-06-30 |
EP2228095A3 (en) | 2010-09-22 |
EP1446188A1 (en) | 2004-08-18 |
US20060142819A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
US7617001B2 (en) | 2009-11-10 |
US20080103553A1 (en) | 2008-05-01 |
US20080015421A1 (en) | 2008-01-17 |
ATE472345T1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
US7756587B2 (en) | 2010-07-13 |
US7641619B2 (en) | 2010-01-05 |
EP2228095B1 (en) | 2017-04-26 |
US20020077673A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
EP2228095A2 (en) | 2010-09-15 |
CA2463293A1 (en) | 2003-05-30 |
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