WO2004035408A1

WO2004035408A1 - Cork with prestressed elastomer skin

Info

Publication number: WO2004035408A1
Application number: PCT/FR2003/003047
Authority: WO
Inventors: Eric Rodius
Original assignee: Eric Rodius
Priority date: 2002-10-15
Filing date: 2003-10-15
Publication date: 2004-04-29
Also published as: AU2003285403A1

Abstract

The invention concerns corks whereof the active part is in contact with the neck and the content of the container consisting of two parts: a U-shaped outer part (1) made of elastomer having at rest a diameter close to the diameter of the neck to be closed; an inner part (2) made of compressible material having an external diameter greater than the diameter of the recessed part of (1). The outer part (2) is compressed and then inserted into (1) which is then expanded to a diameter greater than the diameter of the neck. The assembly (1) and (2) is thereafter compressed and then inserted into the neck. The part (1) is then in tension in its elastic zone, it adopts a shape which is close to its working diameter and hence has a smooth surface . The part (2) presses (1) against the walls of the neck. The invention provides numerous ways of manufacture as well as technical elements such as a recess (6) preventing migration to the container of the gas from cells of (2) when the latter is in compressed state.

Description

CAP WITH PRE-STRESSED ELASTOMERIC SKIN

The invention presented in this patent relates to plugs with parts made of prestressed elastomer intended to close or obstruct containers and in particular bottles containing liquids such as still and sparkling wines. These plugs are made up of several parts made from different materials. The principle of production allows them a significant deformation capacity greater than the synthetic stoppers usually encountered and authorizes their use for the corking of sparkling wines.

Design artifices make it possible to avoid or limit the diffusion of the gas from the cells of the material constituting the stopper into the container to be blocked, a phenomenon which occurs with traditional stoppers when they are compressed and introduced into the neck.

Usually, the closing of the containers and more particularly of the bottles is carried out by cylindrical stoppers. These are most often made of cork which has mechanical properties of compressibility and adapted resilience. Two families are to be distinguished: l) Solid cork: This natural material, although used for many years for the corking of wines, however presents many defects such as: -problem known as cork taste: compounds present in cork (mainly trichloroanisole) in minute quantities migrate into the wine, cause it to react, alter its organoleptic qualities to the point of making it unreachable. The origins of the presence of these compounds are poorly understood and although many efforts have been undertaken by the professional cork sector, the risk of the presence of this molecule exists. The detection means are expensive and their use on an industrial scale cannot be envisaged. The average rate of affected bottles varies from 1% to 2% on average. -dust or debris that ends up in the container.

-leakage problems due to corks pierced by worms or upwelling of liquid between the peripheral surface of the cork and the wall of the neck of the bottle, -high prices due to a shortage of cork to meet demand -mechanical performance altered by storage in a humid atmosphere

2) Agglomerated or reconstituted corks, whether or not coupled with solid cork washers. These techniques and models developed following the growing shortage of cork make it possible to produce corks from scraps resulting from the cuts used to make solid corks. The prices are lower but these caps have the following disadvantages:

-cork tastes generated by causes identical to those known in solid cork and described above -migrations in the liquid of the container of the glue compounds or resins used to secure the pieces or particles of cork

- poor aging which limits the use of these materials for short storage times (low aging).

Faced with the increase in the price of cork and the inflation of cork taste problems encountered with corks, synthetic corks were developed in the 1990s. The materials used are mixtures of polyolefins mixed with plasticizers and blowing agents. Many patents have been filed in this area and we will only cite the main ones here:

-US patent No. 4363849 (Paisley) describes a synthetic stopper made of polyolefin type copolymer of ethylene vinyl acetate (EN A) and having an appearance of cork, -US patent Ν ° 4188457 (Throp) describes a composition of thermoplastics having particular elastic recovery properties allowing rapid expansion of the plugs after compression by the jaws of a butcher machine, -US Patent No. 5904965 (Christmas) offers a plug obtained by co-extrusion with a central part of cellular material and a smooth skin.

-US Patent No. 5317047 (Sabate) mentions a molded plug made of composite synthetic material obtained by mixing:

- crushed cork powder

-microspheres of a methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile copolymer

-a polyurethane or acrylic type bonding agent - Several patents filed by the company Suprême Corq describe specific compositions making it possible to obtain, by molding, stoppers having properties close to cork stoppers. In particular the US patents N ° 5480915, 5496862, 5692629,5710184 and 5855287. - Patent WO 00/26103 (Supreme corq) exposes a particular composition (mixture of TPE, polypropylene and ethylene α-olefin copolymer) and different techniques of setting implemented. A 2-part stopper is also available.

The document WO 01/02263 (Shell) describes a plug made from a foamed thermoplastic elastomer composed of: one (or more) thermoplastic copolymer

-blowing agents - one or more polyolefin chains with a melt-index of 0.05 to 400

All the materials developed to date, however, have insufficient mechanical characteristics, and in particular a compressibility capacity. This creates the following difficulties:

-use impossible for the corking of sparkling wines,-imprisonment of wine between the cork and the neck due to an elastic recovery after too slow deformation. This creates liquid spikes and leakage primers. -cutting by the compression jaws of capping machines which generates leaks.

-gluing or adhesion of the cork with the walls of the glass, which makes opening with a corkscrew difficult, or even impossible, -difficulty in screwing and driving in the corkscrew

With all the materials used (natural cork, agglomerated cork or synthetic materials), the compression of the stopper in the jaws of the capping machine and then in the neck after pressing causes a reduction in the volume of the cells of the material and an increase in the internal pressure of the gas contained by these cells. Figure 1 shows schematically a cell before compression with an internal pressure equal to atmospheric pressure.

the same cell in the compressed state with an internal pressure Pi greater than atmospheric pressure. This pressurized gas will diffuse through the envelope (the walls) of the cell until Pi approaches atmospheric pressure, the speed of this exchange depending on the permeability of the material to the contained gas.

This reasoning, explained in the state of the cell, can be generalized to a set of cells juxtaposed and constituting a block of compressible material. In this case, the exchange begins with the cells located at the periphery of the block of material and then generalizes to all of the material by a mechanism of diffusion from cells to cells. In the case of the cap inserted in the neck of the bottle shown in Figure 2, the exchange is carried out mainly only by the upper face and the lower face. The part of this gas escaping from the upper side is diluted in the atmosphere and the part escaping from the lower side remains confined inside the container, mixes in the head space and dissolves or migrates. in the liquid to be preserved when it is in contact with the end of the stopper. This phenomenon of diffusion of the gas from the compressed cells of the material of the plug outside of this one is at the origin of several disadvantages previously mentioned:

1) Reduction of the internal pressure in the material and reduction of the effort of pressing the stopper against the walls of the neck. This results in a decrease in sealing over time

2) Mixing and dissolution of the gas initially contained by the cells of the plug material in the liquid to be preserved. This can lead to an alteration of this liquid

(oxidation, pollution by organochlorine compounds or by chemical gases used to form cells in the case of a synthetic material) and induce organoleptic modifications.

3) Changes in the mechanical characteristics of cellular materials and insufficient remanence over time, which limits their use to short storage times.

We have identified that the sealing performance is obtained by a plug made of a material having:

- impermeability to gases and liquids - deformation and compressibility capacity -a speed to return to its original shape and to be applied against the walls of the container

an ability to remain in contact with the walls of the container, this property is characterized by the elastic recovery after deformation.

The principle of this invention is a stopper made of synthetic or natural materials, the active part of which in contact with the neck and ensuring the seal is produced in several (2 or more) parts:

an external part (1) in the shape of a U obtained by molding has a production diameter slightly less than the diameter of the neck to be obstructed. This part is then deformed and enlarged (extended) by the introduction into the internal cavity of the U of a part called the internal part (2). This will allow contact between the external surface of (1) and the walls of the neck and thus ensure sealing. an internal part (2) of compressible or rigid material has a production diameter slightly greater than the diameter of the hollow part of the U. This part is introduced into the external part (1) and achieves its expansion.

Two families are to be distinguished:

The introduction of the internal part (2) into the hollow part of the U is carried out before introduction into the neck and (1) is in an expanded state before introduction into the neck. The assembly (1 & 2) is then inserted into the neck by compression then pressing. The different stages are shown schematically by the sketches in the figure. This category is then called variant N ° 1.

-The cap is "self-expanding", it is introduced into the neck in an unexpanded situation then the external part (1) is expanded "in situ" in the neck. Two categories are possible: -Figure 4 represents the functioning of a plug in 3 parts: An external part (1) in the shape of U made in elastomer An internal part (2) of an external diameter D equal or slightly less than internal diameter d of (1). (2) is made of flexible and compressible material (foam).

An upper part (3) whose production diameter D is slightly greater than the diameter d. Parts (2) and (3) are partially introduced into (1). The immobilization of (2 & 3) relative to (1) is ensured by notches not shown in these diagrams. The assembly (1.2 & 3) is inserted into the neck then (3) is fully inserted into (1), which compresses and then ensures the expansion of (2) and (1). This category is then called variant N ° 2

FIG. 5 represents the operation of a 2-piece stopper having conical internal geometries. This category is then called variant N ° 3

The immobilization of (2) in (1) can be ensured: - either by chemical bonds (bonding, crosslinking, etc.) in the case of solutions based on variant No. 1

-or by mechanical connections provided by detent notches in the case of solutions based on variants No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3. Figure 6 shows several possible forms of notches. The external part (1) may be provided with ridges or notches as shown in FIG. 6a. These elements make it possible to create preferential compression zones and improve sealing against liquids and gases.

The solution shown diagrammatically in FIG. 7 presents a channel intended to avoid or limit the diffusion of gas from the compressed cells towards the interior of the container, the body (1) is pierced with a hole (6) opening at the 2 ends. This hole behaves like a chimney and will allow an evacuation towards the outside of the gases of the cellular material when this one will be compressed in the jaws and the neck. It also facilitates the introduction and guiding of the corkscrew during the uncorking operation. This device can be used for solutions of the No.1 and No.2 variant type but also for traditional cork stoppers, agglomerated cork or synthetic materials.

The materials of (1), (2) and possibly (3) are chosen according to the desired properties: - (1) is made of flexible and compact material which can have sliding properties and food contact properties.

- (2) is made of flexible cellular material for variants No. 1 and No. 2 or possibly rigid in variant No. 3. The Young's modulus of (2) is adapted according to the types closure to be made and the geometry (dimensions) of the stopper. We specify here that (2) can be made of cork or from its derivatives (agglomerates). - (3) is made of rigid material.

The visible faces of (1) may be printed or support markings, the lower face in contact with the liquid may even include relief engravings obtained during molding. It is the same for the visible faces of parts (2) or (3).

The principles described in this invention make it possible to use a noble material (food, compact, inert) on the periphery and a less noble and foamed material in the central part. The cost is thus optimized, -to produce plugs of shape and in particular of square, rectangular, triangular or polygonal section. For reasons of simplicity, the solutions and the figures described in this document represent circular shapes but the reasoning and the solutions are transposable in all the polygonal, square, rectangular geometries.

We will in the following pages endeavor to describe several models of implementation implementing the different principles described in variants No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3. These models are not exhaustive and should be considered as examples of production. They are in no way limiting in relation to the principles described above. The examples are presented according to the different modes of use and we will successively distinguish:

-the "flush with the ring" applications used for still wines or non-sparkling liquids

-applications such as sparkling wines with a partially pressed stopper and held in place by a wire cap.

- "head" corks used on the spirits and alcohol markets. FIG. 7 represents a stopper which can be used for a "flush with the ring" type stopper.

The U-shaped body (1) is produced by molding. The external diameter of this U is slightly less than the diameter of the neck of the container to be obstructed.

A central part (2) is made of cellular material by molding or by extrusion. The production diameter of (2) is greater than the internal diameter of (1). A cylindrical central channel (6) can possibly be produced in order to facilitate the introduction and the guiding of the corkscrew during the uncorking operation and allows the gases of the compressed cells to escape from the outside. The part (2) is then compressed then inserted into (1) by a specifically studied assembly machine. (2) will deform (1) and the external diameter of the assembly (1 and 2) is greater than the diameter of the neck to obstruct. The two parts are held together by bonding or by chemical crosslinking or by mechanical connections such as notches detailed in FIG. 6.

This composite stopper (1 and 2) is delivered to conditioners and is used like a traditional stopper. It is compressed by jaws and then pressed into the neck, the external part (1) then finds a diameter close to its production diameter and its surface is smooth which ensures sealing.

Figures 8, 9 and 10 show alternative solutions based on the principle described above. FIG. 8 represents the simplest version with a body (1) of cellular and compressible material and a part (2) of elastomer and placed in extension around (1). The body (1) is pierced with a through hole (6) and has a portion of smaller section which supports the skirt of the part (2). FIG. 9 represents possible improvements to the solution of FIG. 8. The part (2) has a boss (2a) making it possible both to ensure the centering of (2) relative to (1) and to ensure a more effective barrier between the liquid and the exterior at the hole (6). Conical shaped blanks (2b) allow the position of (2) on (1) to be maintained. The height of the skirt can vary and have very low values (from 4 to 6 mm for example) or, on the contrary, go up over a larger portion of the body (1). In order to reinforce the barrier properties and to adjust them, the part (2) can be made of several materials and present, for example, a layer of an elastomer having a very high impermeability to gases. FIG. 10 represents 2 examples of part produced with 2 materials (by bi injection for example) with a layer (2c) of a different material of the material of the external part. FIG. 10 also shows an example made of single material with a central boss (2b) of considerable height and an example with an insert (2d) of rigid metallic type material for example having excellent barrier properties.

In the following examples, for reasons of simplicity, the holes (6) are no longer described and shown, but their use is entirely possible.

Another embodiment of this type of plug is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 11. The central part will be directly molded and then expanded in the hollow part of (1). Figure 11 shows successively

the body (1) produced by molding in an identical manner to the embodiment previously described. The external diameter d is slightly less than the diameter of the neck to be obstructed, the body (1) introduced into the mold (7) whose diameter D is greater than the diameter d. -the injection of the central part. The hollow part of the body (1) is used as an impression, the body (1) is deformed and enlarged to diameter D using the vacuum. The material is then injected and then vulcanized under pressure. The assembly is then removed from the mold and all that remains is to trim the upper face of the plug.

Another possibility is shown in FIG. 12. This plug is composed of 3 parts, -an external part (1) in the shape of a U produced by molding, -an internal part (2) obtained by extrusion then cutting up. As described above, its production diameter is greater than the diameter of the hollow part of the U. This part is then compressed and inserted into the hollow part of the U and ensures its expansion, an upper part (4) which is welded to the part (1).

Figure 13 shows another possibility. The plug is made up of 4 parts: -an external part (1) obtained by extrusion and cutting

an internal part (2) obtained by extrusion and cutting. Parts (1) and (2) can also be produced by co-extrusion with (2) which is expanded while (1) is already cooled (thermoplastic elastomer) or vulcanized (elastomer). an upper part (4) and a lower part (5) which are welded to the part (1). This solution allows production at an advantageous cost.

The following examples, based on variant N ° 3, allow the expansion of the external part after its introduction into the neck

Figure 14 shows schematically a model with a central cone-shaped excavation. An outer part (1) with a diameter close to the diameter of the neck to be obstructed is inserted into the neck then is deformed and compressed by a central part (2) in the shape of a cone. FIG. 14 successively represents the plug before insertion into the neck with the part (2) partially inserted in (1), the assembly (1 & 2) in place in the neck before the start of the expansion then the assembly (1 & 2) with (2) fully depressed and ensuring the expansion of (1). The central part (2) becomes integral with the part (1) by vulcanization or by bonding. The conicities and the inside diameters of (1) and outside of (2) are adapted so as to allow sufficient compression of (1) against the walls of the neck and allow the insertion of (2) into (1). The interior cones of (1) and the exterior of (2) may have specific shapes allowing localized deformations of (1) to be greater in certain places. For example, we seek to deform and enlarge more significantly the lower part of the stopper (which will be found inside the neck and against the liquid) because the diameter of the neck is wider at this point. Figure 15 shows an example of suitable geometry.

This embodiment can advantageously be improved by: -1) the production of latching notches or shapes allowing the part (2) to be kept in position inside the part (1).

-2) a stepped shape which makes it possible to limit the thickness in the lower part of the external part (1) and thus facilitate its expansion. FIG. 16 represents the comparison of a stepped shape and a smooth cone shape -3) a stepped shape allowing both

-the blocking in position of the central part explained in 1 -the gain in thickness explained in 2 In this spirit, FIG. 17 successively represents: -the half views of the details of parts (1) and (2).

-the half view of the central part (2) partially inserted in (1) and immobilized by 2 notches.

- the half view of the central part in the depressed position (after being placed in the neck) and immobilized by 4 notches.

The insertion into the neck of the solutions described above is however delicate. Another example shown in Figure 18 allows easier introduction into the neck.

Figure 18 shows successively: -the half views of parts (1) and (2)

-the half view of the central part (2) partially inserted in (1) and immobilized by 2 notches. The upper part is widened and there is formation of a shoulder which will come to bear on the ring of the container and block the stopper during positioning, -the half view of the stopper partially pressed and resting on the circle of the neck to be obstructed.

-the half view of the plug fully inserted into the neck and expanded.

The insertion into the neck is thus greatly facilitated and the introduction machine is limited to a simple ram.

This principle is also achievable with a solution based on variant No. 2. In this case, the part (3) has a geometry in the upper part identical to that of the part (2) previously described. The reader can easily imagine the functioning of such a solution and we will not describe it more precisely.

The example which is now described is based on the principle of variant No. 2. Figure 19 shows a cap made up of 3 parts

an external part (1) made of elastomer and produced by molding. The diameter of (1) is slightly less than the diameter of the neck to be blocked.

an internal part (2) made of cellular material and obtained by molding or extrusion. an upper part (3) made of rigid material and obtained by molding.

The first 3 diagrams of this figure successively represent:

-The cap assembled in an unexpanded state. This corresponds to its form of delivery to the conditioners before insertion into the neck. -the plug in an expanded state after introduction into the neck. The plug is inserted by a simple depression by a shaped mandrel pressing on (3) and then on the entire article.

-the cap in an expanded and locked state. The part (3) cannot slide and ensures the compression and the deformation of (2). The cap thus perfectly matches the shape of the neck. This locking of (3) is ensured by a rotation of (3) in (1). The following diagrams show the details of the different parts (1) and (3). The unclogging operation is carried out by turning (3) in the opposite direction. The upper part (3) under the action of the part (2) will slide in (1) and the internal part (2) will return to its original shape and the plug can be easily removed from the neck. This type of stopper can thus be reused several times and in particular allows the filling of the partially consumed bottle.

All the examples previously exposed are adapted to a "flush with the ring" closure. We will now endeavor to describe applications intended for the corking of sparkling wines with a very compressed stopper, partially pressed and held in position by a wire or a stirrup. The quantity of gas migrating from the cells of the compressed material to the outside is all the more important as the compression ratio is important. For the corks, we will therefore have a greater gas exchange with the Champagne type corking (compression ratio close to 2.97) than with the ring type corking (compression ratio close to 1.93). The means for directing and discharging these gases towards the outside of the container are therefore of much greater interest in this type of closure. However, for reasons of simplicity, the solutions are shown and described without mentioning these devices (holes (6)) but their value and their use is completely possible.

Figure 20 shows a plug made in 2 parts. An outer part (1) of elastomer obtained by molding and whose production diameter is slightly less than the diameter of the neck to be blocked. An internal part (2) with a production diameter greater than the diameter of the internal cavity of (1). The part (2) is inserted in (1) and thus ensures its expansion. The first diagram in Figure 20 shows the plug in its delivery form with (2) introduced in (1).

This stopper is then used like a traditional stopper, it is compressed then forcefully introduced by the same machines as those used for cork stoppers. The second diagram in FIG. 20 represents the plug introduced into the neck. It will be held in place by a muselet.

The diagrams in Figure 21 represent an evolution of the solution described in Figure 20. The outer part (1) whose diameter is close to the diameter to be obstructed has a shorter length than the entire plug and is limited to the active part entering the bottleneck. The external part (2) has a shoulder and is then partially inserted into (1). This stopper is then used like a traditional stopper.

FIG. 22 represents a solution made up of: a body (1) made of cellular material and which has a hole (6a) opening at both ends and acting as a chimney. This part is produced either by extrusion or by molding and can in this case have a truncated cone shape as shown in diagram 22. This makes it possible to improve the rate of expansion in the lower part of the stopper and to obtain a shape in mushroom after opening. -an external U-shaped membrane made of elastomer and placed in extension around the body (1). The skirt (rising part of the U) has a height greater than the height of the body (1) and ends in a bead of larger section. This bead will resume its initial dimension and will tighten the upper part of the skirt, -an upper part (3) made of cellular material and obtained by overmolding around (1) and (2). A central cavity (6a) is also produced during molding in this upper part to allow the evacuation of gases outside the plug.

The following example represented by figure 23 is based on the principle of the variant N ° 2 previously described. This cap is made up of 3 parts:

-An external part (1) made of elastomer, obtained by molding has a cylindrical lower part with a diameter slightly less than the diameter of the neck to be obstructed, -an internal part (2) made of cellular material obtained by molding or extrusion. an upper part (3) made of rigid material obtained by molding The diagrams of this figure successively represent:

-the plug in the assembled state and not expanded. Part (3) is partially inserted into (1) and is retained by a circular notch. This is the form of delivery to users, this plug will then be inserted into the neck

-The plug only in the expanded state. The part (3) is fully inserted in (1) and is retained by 2 circular notches, (3) compresses and ensures the deformation of (2) and the expansion of the lower part of (1). The mushroom shape observed on a cork stopper shortly after uncorking is thus reproduced. -The cap inserted in the neck before expansion, the shoulder of the cap rests on the ring of the neck to be obstructed.

-The cap inserted in the neck and in the expanded state. The lower part of the plug thus perfectly matches the shape of the neck.

FIG. 24 represents an evolution of this solution with a geometry of the head (3) and of the upper internal cavity of (1) identical to that described in the solution represented by FIG. 19.

The part (3) will be pressed in (1) then will be locked in (1) by rotation. The unblocking will be carried out by rotating (3) in the opposite direction, the internal part (2) will resume its initial shape and the external part will regain its production diameter. The cap can be easily removed from the neck. This also makes it possible to progressively balance the internal pressure of the container and the external pressure and to avoid stacking phenomena encountered when this equilibrium is achieved suddenly.

The diagrams in Figure 25 describe a cap made up of two elements and based on variant No. 3.

The outer part (1) of elastomer is obtained by molding. The diameter of the area that will seal is slightly less than the diameter of the neck to be blocked. The internal cavity is composed of a conical zone provided with steps and a cylindrical zone presenting two latching notches The internal part (2) also obtained by molding, consists of a conical zone with steps and a cylindrical zone with two snap notches. A central channel can be made to allow the passage of air and facilitate the insertion of (2) into (1). The stepped areas have geometries adapted to achieve greater expansion in the lower part, area where the diameter of the neck is larger than at the mouth. The different diagrams successively represent:

-the cap only in an unexpanded state. Part (2) is partially introduced into (1) and is retained by a circular notch. The cap is delivered in this state to users. This will then be introduced into the neck of the container.

-the plug only in the expanded state. The part (2) is fully inserted in (1) and ensures its expansion. (2) is retained by 2 circular notches. The mushroom shape observed on a cork stopper shortly after uncorking is thus reproduced - the unexpanded stopper inserted into the neck of the container to be blocked, the shoulder of the stopper rests on the neck of the neck.

-the plug inserted in the neck and expanded. The capping machine is limited to a simple ram. The stopper is then held in place by a wire cap. The uncorking operation is carried out as with a traditional cork stopper: The wire cap is removed and the internal pressure of the container ejects the stopper from the neck.

This solution can be envisaged with a geometry of the upper part of (2) and of the upper part of the internal cavity of (1) identical to those described in the solution represented by FIG. 19. The part (2) will be inserted in ( 1) then will be locked in (1) by rotation.

The unblocking will be carried out by rotating (2) in the opposite direction, the internal part (2) will resume its partially depressed position and the external part (1) will regain its production diameter. The cap can be easily removed from the neck. This also makes it possible to progressively balance the internal pressure of the container and the external pressure and to avoid stacking phenomena encountered when this equilibrium is achieved suddenly. The reader can easily imagine this solution and we will not describe it more precisely. Figure 26 describes a solution based on variant No. 2 and which has its own bottle retention system. The cap is made up of:

-a body (1) in molded elastomer. The production diameter of the lower part of the body is slightly less than the diameter of the neck to be blocked.

-an internal part (2) of flexible and compressible material. This part is obtained by extrusion and then cutting.

-of an upper part (3) obtained by molding of thermoplastics. This part can sink into (1), compress and deform (2) which will ensure the expansion of (1) against the walls of the neck. This part (3) has a system of lugs which will allow anchoring under the ring of the neck of the container to be obstructed. The diagrams successively represent:

-the cap assembled in its delivery form to users. -The cap inserted in the neck and in an unexpanded state. The shoulder of the body (1) is supported on the neck of the neck.

-The cap inserted in the neck and in the expanded state. The part (3) is pressed into (1), compresses (2) and thus ensures the expansion of (1). The anchoring of the tabs under the neck of the neck makes it possible both to keep the upper part (3) pressed in (1) and to hold it in the bottle. In order to guarantee this function, the tabs will be kept tightened by an elastomer ring or a wire link made of metal or synthetic material. This solution avoids the use of a wire cap and simplifies the corking operation, it also prevents untimely rising of the corks observed sometimes between the capping operation and the operation of laying the wire cap with sensitive sparkling wines.

This combination of the stopper function and the hold function on the bottle is also possible with a solution of the variant No. 3 type. Figure 27 shows a cap made up of 2 parts. The outer part (1) of elastomer is obtained by molding. The diameter of the area that will seal is slightly less than the diameter of the neck to be blocked. The internal cavity is composed of a conical zone provided with steps. The internal part (2) is obtained by molding of thermoplastics and consists of a conical zone with steps which fits into the hollow cavity of (1). This part (2) can sink into (1) and ensure its expansion, it has a system of lugs which will allow anchoring under the ring of the container. The anchoring system shown in this case is a metal wire that the legs of the parts (2) enclose on 4 points (obtained by overmolding the wire). This principle is comparable to the system used on traditional wire caps.

Other anchoring solutions or principles are possible but are not detailed in this document because they do not constitute the subject of this patent. In the solution described in FIG. 27, the connection in rotation of (2) with respect to (1) has been left free but it is possible to secure (2) and (1) in rotation by notches as shown diagrammatically in the figure. 26.

We will now focus on describing “head” type cork solutions used for the alcohol and spirits markets.

Figures 28 and 29 describe two solutions based on variant No. 1. The cap is made up of three parts:

an external part (1) obtained by molding of elastomers. The diameter of the body is slightly less than the diameter of the neck to be blocked.

Chamfers are made in the lower part so as to allow and facilitate the insertion into the neck of the container to be obstructed. -A central part (2) made of cellular material obtained by molding or by extrusion. The production diameter of (2) is greater than the diameter of the internal cavity of (1). This internal part (2) is compressed then introduced into the hollow cavity of (1) and ensures its expansion.

-A head (3) obtained by molding of thermoplastics or in a rigid material such as wood. This head is either overmolded in the case of FIG. 28 or glued in the case of FIG. 29. This cap is delivered to conditioners in this form. The insertion and insertion into the neck of the container to be obstructed is carried out in an identical manner to that of the cork stoppers existing to date.

This solution allows low compression rates during introduction into the neck and is very comparable mechanically to the performance of current cork head stoppers.

This solution can be improved by self-expanding plugs based on variants No.

2 and ° 3.

The diagrams in Figure 30 describe a cap made up of two elements and based on variant N ° 3.

The outer part (1) of elastomer is obtained by molding. The diameter of the area that will seal is slightly less than the diameter of the neck to be blocked. (1) has a shoulder in the upper part which will allow the stopper to be pressed simultaneously on the neck and the anchoring of part (2). The internal cavity is composed of a conical zone provided with steps.

The internal part (2) also obtained by molding, consists of a conical zone with steps and a cylindrical part with a circular shoulder (called notch) allowing anchoring under the shoulder of (1). The stepped areas have geometries adapted to achieve greater expansion in the lower part, area where the diameter is greater than at the mouth. The two diagrams represent successively:

-the cap only in an unexpanded state. Part (2) is partially introduced into (1) and is retained by the 2 steps. The cap is delivered in this state to users.

This will then be introduced into the neck of the container.

-the plug only in the expanded state after introduction into the neck. The part (2) is fully inserted in (1) and ensures its expansion. (2) is retained by the circular notch which comes to anchor under the shoulder of (1). This stopper is suitable for containers with a thin ring thickness (metal canister type) but cannot be used for corking glass bottles. For this type of closure, we will prefer a solution of the type shown in Figure 33 and described later. FIG. 31 represents a solution using principle No. 2. This plug is composed of 3 parts: -An external part (1) made of elastomer, obtained by molding has a cylindrical external geometry with a diameter slightly less than the diameter of the neck at obstruct and a cylindrical internal cavity having 2 notches.

an internal part (2) made of cellular material and obtained by molding or extrusion. an upper part (3) made of rigid material and obtained by molding. The external cylindrical part has 2 notches which will fit into the notches of the internal cavity of (1) The diagrams in this figure represent successively

-The plug in the expanded state. The part (3) is fully inserted in (1) and is retained by 2 circular notches, (3) compresses and ensures the deformation of (2) and the expansion of the lower part of (1). The plug is inserted by simply pushing in and snapping on (3) into (1).

FIG. 32 represents an evolution of the solution previously described and allows one. plugging and unclogging by rotation of the head relative to the body. The proposed solution is composed of 3 parts: -an external part (1) made of elastomer and produced by molding. The external diameter of (1) is slightly less than the diameter of the neck to be blocked.

an internal part (2) made of cellular material and obtained by molding or extrusion.

an upper part (3) made of rigid material and obtained by molding. The first 3 diagrams of this figure represent successively: -The assembled cap in an unexpanded state. This corresponds to its form of delivery to the conditioners before insertion into the neck. -the plug in an expanded state, this corresponds to its shape after introduction and expansion in the neck. The insertion of the plug is done by a simple depression then an angular rotation of the head.

FIG. 33 represents an evolution of the solution 30 and allows plugging and unclogging by rotation of the head. The solution is technically close to the solution described in Figure 32, the main difference is at the part (2) which is conical in shape and can be made with a rigid material or with a compressible cellular material. The cap is shown in the same views as in Figure 32:

-the plug assembled in an unexpanded state. This corresponds to its form of delivery to the conditioners before insertion into the neck.

-the plug in an expanded state, this corresponds to its shape after introduction and expansion in the neck. The plug is inserted by a simple push-in and then a slight rotation of the head.

-the cap in an expanded and locked state. The part (3) cannot slide and keeps (2) in (1) in the depressed position. The cap thus perfectly matches the shape of the neck. This locking of (3) is ensured by a rotation of (3) in (1). Figure 34 shows an evolution of the solution described in Figure 19 with an external part (1) having a shoulder and allowing the support of the plug on the ring before expansion.

The stopper is always composed of 3 parts: -an external part (1) made of elastomer and produced by molding. The external diameter of (1) is slightly less than the diameter of the neck to be blocked and (1) has a shoulder which comes to rest on the upper part of the ring.

an internal part (2) made of cellular material and obtained by molding or extrusion. an upper part (3) made of rigid material and obtained by molding. The details of the parts are identical to solution 19 and are not shown. The cap is successively shown:

-inserted into the neck of a bottle and in the unexpanded state -inserted and expanded into the neck. This solution makes it easier to sink and expand and protects the top of the ring, which can be sought in transport operations.

Claims

1) Stopper intended to close or close receptacles and in particular bottles characterized in that it is composed of a cylinder made of compressible material (s) and in that it has in the central part a recess (cavity ) elongated (3) leading to the outside in the upper part (face opposite to that in contact with the liquid) and allowing the gas contained in the compressed cells to escape towards the outside (acting as a chimney) when the plug is compressed to be introduced into the neck.

2) Stopper intended to close or close receptacles and in particular bottles, characterized in that it has an active part in contact with the neck and ensuring the tightness produced in 2 parts:

-An external part (1) made of elastomer comprises a central recess in which an internal part (2) described below is inserted. The external production diameter of (1) is slightly less than the diameter of the neck of the container to be closed.

-A central part (2) made of compressible material whose production diameter is greater than the diameter of the internal cavity of (1).

Part (2) is inserted in (1) and ensures its expansion. The assembly (1 and 2) is then compressed and pressed into the neck. The geometries of the internal parts (obviously of (1) and external shape of (2)) can be adapted so as to allow the mechanical immobilization of (2) relative to (1).

3) Stopper intended to close or close receptacles and in particular bottles, characterized in that it has an active part in contact with the neck and ensuring the tightness produced in 3 parts:

-An external part (1) made of elastomer comprises a central recess in which will be inserted the internal part (2) and the upper part (3) described below. The external production diameter of (1) is slightly less than the diameter of the neck of the container to be closed. -A central part (2) made of flexible and deformable material. The production diameter of (2) is slightly smaller than the diameter of the internal cavity of (1). -An upper part (3) made of elastomers or rigid materials and having an end of the same shape and of dimensions slightly larger than those of the internal cavity of (1).

The part (2) is inserted into the cavity of (1) and (3) is partially inserted into the cavity of (1).

The assembly (1, 2 and 3) is inserted into the neck then (3) is pressed into (1) which deforms and compresses (2) and ensures the expansion of (1).

The geometries of the internal parts (obviously of (1) and external shape of (3)) can be adapted so as to allow the mechanical immobilization of (3) relative to (1) in the positions

- partial insertion of (3) into (1) - total insertion of (3) into (1)

4) Cap intended to close or close receptacles and in particular bottles, characterized in that it has an active part in contact with the neck and ensuring the tightness produced in 2 parts:

-An external part (1) made of elastomer comprises a central recess into which an internal part (2) described below will be inserted. This obviously has a conical geometry or consists of several truncated cones (stepped shape). -An internal part (2) made of rigid material or flexible material have an external geometry in homothety with the geometry of the internal cavity of (1), the diameters of the truncated cones of (2) are slightly greater than those of the internal cavity of (1).

The part (2) is partially inserted into the cavity of (1). The assembly (1 and 2) is then inserted into the neck then (2) is pressed into (1) and ensures its expansion. The geometries of the internal parts (obviously of (1) and external shape of (2)) can be adapted so as to allow the mechanical immobilization of (2) with respect to (1) in the positions

- partial depression of (3) in (1) - total depression of (3) in (1) The geometries of the internal parts (obviously of (1) and external shape of (2)) can be adapted so as to obtain a deformation greater of (1) in the lower zone

(part in contact with the contents of the container). 5) Plug according to claim 3 or claim 4 characterized in that the geometries of the upper part of (1) and the upper part of (3) (claim 3) or (2) (claim 4) have geometric devices (shoulder and cavity) so as to create a deformation and widening of (1) in the upper part this when (3) or (2) is only partially depressed. This deformation disappears when (3) or (2) is fully pressed in (1).

6) Plug according to claim 1, claim 2, claim 3 or claim 4 characterized in that the section of the area providing the seal can be circular or polygonal (triangle, square ...) or rectangular.

7) Cap according to claim 2 or claim 3 characterized in that the body (1) has a hole (6) in the central part which allows the gas contained in the compressed cells to escape towards the outside (acting as a chimney ) when the cap is in the compressed state. The part (2) blocks this hole on the face side in contact with the liquid to be preserved.

This part (2) can have devices such as boss (2a) or several layers (2c) allowing both to ensure the centering of (2) relative to the body (1) and to improve the barrier properties between the liquid to be preserved and the exterior at the hole (6).

7) plug according to claim 2 characterized in that:

-an upper part (4) is welded or linked to the external part (1) in the form of a U and constitutes a complete upper closure of this U and or the external part (1) in the form of a U is produced in 2 parts: A cylindrical elastomer body An elastomer base (5) welded or linked to this body.

8) plug according to claim 3 characterized in that the establishment (depression) and the locking of the part (3) in the part (1) is achieved by a combined movement of translation and rotation. The parts (1) and (3) have notch and groove systems allowing these movements and allowing the blocking of (3) in the depressed position.

9) plug according to claim 4 characterized in that the establishment (depression) and the locking of the part (2) in the part (1) is achieved by a combined movement of translation and rotation.

Parts (1) and (2) have notch and groove systems allowing these movements and allowing the blocking of (2) in the depressed position

10) Stopper according to claim 2 characterized in that:

-the body (1) has in the lower part a groove of trapezoidal section intended to retain the part (2).

-a lower external part (2) U-shaped made of elastomer and having a skirt (2b) (rising part of the U) of trapezoidal section with a greater thickness at the end than at the base. This trapezoidal section of the skirt is received and fitted in the trapezoidal section groove of the body (1). The inverted cone shape keeps the part (2) integral with the body (1).

1 l) plug according to claim 3 or claim 4 characterized in that the plug has its own container retention system. This retaining system will simultaneously keep the part (2) or the part (3) in the pressed-in position in (1) and allows the plug to be held in the pressed-in position in the neck.