WO2004079159A1 - Methods and compositions for consolidating proppant in fractures - Google Patents
Methods and compositions for consolidating proppant in fractures Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004079159A1 WO2004079159A1 PCT/GB2004/000689 GB2004000689W WO2004079159A1 WO 2004079159 A1 WO2004079159 A1 WO 2004079159A1 GB 2004000689 W GB2004000689 W GB 2004000689W WO 2004079159 A1 WO2004079159 A1 WO 2004079159A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- proppant particles
- composition
- resin composition
- hardenable resin
- amount
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- KUBDPQJOLOUJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane;4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound ClCC1CO1.C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KUBDPQJOLOUJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dapsone Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 ethoxylated nonyl phenol phosphate ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- MUXOBHXGJLMRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl succinate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCC(=O)OC MUXOBHXGJLMRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- UDSFAEKRVUSQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl adipate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OC UDSFAEKRVUSQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- CUDYYMUUJHLCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical group COC(C)COC(C)CO CUDYYMUUJHLCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XTDYIOOONNVFMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl pentanedioate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCC(=O)OC XTDYIOOONNVFMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl salicylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001047 methyl salicylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNCCN PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical class [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000007835 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005600 alkyl phosphonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/66—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/68—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/80—Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
- C09K8/805—Coated proppants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/84—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/86—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/88—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
- C09K8/90—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. polysaccharides, cellulose
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2208/00—Aspects relating to compositions of drilling or well treatment fluids
- C09K2208/26—Gel breakers other than bacteria or enzymes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S507/00—Earth boring, well treating, and oil field chemistry
- Y10S507/922—Fracture fluid
- Y10S507/924—Fracture fluid with specified propping feature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
- Y10T428/2998—Coated including synthetic resin or polymer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to methods and storable hardenable resin compositions for forming one or more fractures in high temperature subterranean zones and consolidating proppant particles therein.
- Hydrocarbon producing wells are often stimulated by hydraulic fracturing treatments.
- hydraulic fracturing a viscous fracturing fluid which also functions as a carrier fluid is pumped into a subterranean zone to be fractured at a rate and pressure such that one or more fractures are formed in the zone.
- Proppant particles e.g., graded sand, for propping the fractures open are suspended in the fracturing fluid so that the proppant particles are deposited in the fractures when the fracturing fluid is broken. That is, a viscosity breaker is included in the fracturing fluid whereby the fracturing fluid reverts to a thin fluid which is returned to the surface.
- the proppant particles deposited in the fractures function to prevent the fractures from closing so that conductive channels are formed through which produced hydrocarbons can readily flow.
- the proppant particles In order to prevent the subsequent flow-back of the proppant particles as well as loose or incompetent fines with fluids produced from the subterranean zone, the proppant particles have heretofore been coated with a hardenable resin composition which is caused to harden and consolidate the proppant particles in the zone into permeable packs.
- a hardenable resin composition which is caused to harden and consolidate the proppant particles in the zone into permeable packs.
- the subterranean zone has a temperature above about 200°F, and it produces hydrocarbons at exceptionally high rates or undergoes reoccurring stresses due to frequent well shutoffs and openings
- the hardened resin composition and the permeable proppant particle packs consolidated therewith rapidly deteriorate which allows proppant particles and formation fines to flow-back with produced formation fluids.
- the flow-back of the proppant particles and formation fines is very detrimental in that it erodes metal goods, plugs piping and vessels and causes damage to valves,
- the present invention provides improved methods and compositions for consolidating proppant in fractures formed in high production rate, high stress and/or high temperature subterranean zones which meet the needs described above and overcome the deficiencies of the prior art.
- the hardenable resin compositions of this invention are hardened by heat and consolidate resin coated proppant particles at temperatures above about 200°F into degradation resistant permeable packs which do not allow proppant flow-back and the production of formation fines with formation fluids.
- An improved method of the present invention for forming one or more fractures in a subterranean zone having a temperature above about 200°F penetrated by a well bore and consolidating proppant particles therein is comprised of the following steps.
- Proppant particles coated with a hardenable resin composition are provided.
- the hardenable resin composition is comprised of a liquid bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin resin, a 4,4'- diaminodiphenyl sulfone hardening agent dissolved in a dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethyl formamide solvent, a silane coupling agent and a surfactant for facilitating the coating of the resin on the proppant particles and for causing the resin composition to flow to the contact points between adjacent coated proppant particles.
- a hydrolyzable ester for breaking gelled fracturing fluid films on the proppant particles can be included in the hardenable resin composition.
- a high flash point diluent such as dipropylene glycol methyl ether can also optionally be included in the hardenable resin composition to reduce its viscosity to a desirable level for ease of pumping during use.
- a gelled liquid fracturing fluid is also provided which is pumped into the subterranean zone to form one or more fractures and to deposit the proppant particles therein. The proppant particles coated with the hardenable resin composition are mixed with the fracturing fluid being pumped whereby the proppant particles coated with the hardenable resin composition are suspended therein.
- the pumping of the fracturing fluid and the mixing of the proppant particles coated with the hardenable resin composition with the fracturing fluid are terminated. Thereafter, the hardenable resin composition on the resin composition coated proppant particles is allowed to harden by heat and consolidate the proppant particles into one or more degradation resistant permeable packs.
- Another improved method of this invention for forming one or more fractures in a subterranean zone penetrated by a well bore and consolidating proppant particles therein, the subterranean zone having a temperature above about 200°F is comprised of the following steps.
- a liquid hardenable resin composition comprised of a liquid bisphenol A- epichlorohydrin resin, a 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone hardening agent dissolved in a dimethyl sulfoxide solvent, an n-beta-(aminoethyl)-gamma-amiiiopropyltrimethoxysilane coupling agent, a C 12 -C 22 alkyl phosphate surfactant, a mixture of dimethylglutarate, dimethyladipate and dimethylsuccinate esters, and a dipropylene glycol methyl ether diluent.
- a source of dry proppant particles and a gelled liquid fracturing fluid comprised of water and a gelling agent selected from the group consisting of guar gum, guar gum derivatives and cellulose derivatives are also provided.
- the gelled liquid fracturing fluid is pumped into the subterranean zone to form the one or more fractures therein and to place the proppant particles therein.
- the hardenable resin composition is coated onto the dry proppant particles conveyed from the source thereof to form hardenable resin composition coated proppant particles.
- the hardenable resin composition coated proppant particles are mixed with the fracturing fluid pumped into the subterranean zone whereby the hardenable resin composition coated proppant particles are suspended therein.
- the pumping of the gelled fracturing fluid, the coating of the hardenable resin composition onto the dry proppant particles and the mixing of the hardenable resin composition coated proppant particles formed with the fracturing fluid are terminated. Thereafter, the hardenable resin composition on the hardenable resin composition coated proppant particles is allowed to harden by heat and consolidate the proppant particles into one or more degradation resistant permeable packs.
- the present invention provides improved methods of forming one or more fractures in a subterranean zone penetrated by a well bore and consolidating proppant particles therein, the subterranean zone having a temperature above about 200°F comprising the following steps.
- Proppant particles coated with a hardenable resin composition comprised of a liquid bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin resin, a 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone hardening agent dissolved in a dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethyl formamide solvent, a silane coupling agent and a surfactant for facilitating the coating of the resin on the proppant particles and for causing the resin to flow to the contact points between adjacent resin coated proppant particles are provided.
- a hydrolyzable ester for breaking gelled fracturing fluid films on the proppant particles can be included in the hardenable resin composition.
- a high flash point diluent such as dipropylene glycol methyl ether can also optionally be included in the hardenable resin composition to reduce its viscosity to a desirable level for ease of pumping during operation.
- a gelled liquid fracturing fluid is also provided which is pumped into the subterranean zone to form the one or more fractures and to deposit the proppant particles therein.
- the proppant particles coated with the hardenable resin composition are mixed with the fracturing fluid being pumped into the subterranean zone whereby the proppant particles coated with the hardenable resin composition are suspended therein.
- the pumping of the gelled liquid fracturing fluid and the mixing of the proppant particles coated with the hardenable resin composition with the fracturing fluid are terminated. Thereafter, the hardenable resin composition on the resin composition coated proppant particles are allowed to harden by heat and consolidate the proppant particles into one or more high production rate, high stress and/or high temperature degradation resistant permeable packs.
- the proppant particles utilized in accordance with the present invention are generally of a size such that formation particulate solids that migrate with produced fluids are prevented from being produced from the subterranean zone.
- Various kinds of proppant particles can be utilized including graded sand, bauxite, ceramic materials, glass materials, walnut hulls, polymer beads and the like.
- the proppant particles have a size in the range of from about 2 to about 400 mesh, U.S. Sieve Series.
- the preferred proppant is graded sand having a particle size in the range of from about 10 to about 70 mesh, U.S. Sieve Series.
- Preferred sand particle size distribution ranges are one or more of 10-20 mesh, 20-40 mesh, 40-60 mesh or 50-70 mesh, depending on the particular size and distribution of formation solids to be screened out by the consolidated proppant particles.
- Liquid bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin resin is readily available from a number of commercial sources. For example, a suitable such resin is commercially available from the Resin Resolution Corporation of Houston, Texas. Upon curing by heat in a subterranean zone, the bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin resin forms an insoluble mass that is highly resistant to high production rate, high stress and/or high temperature degradation, e.g., the cured resin resists thermal degradation at temperatures up to 400°F.
- the bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin resin is generally present in the hardenable resin composition in an amount in the range of from about 40% to about 65% by weight of the hardenable resin composition, and more preferably in an amount of about 50%.
- the liquid hardening agent for hardening the bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin resin at temperatures above about 200°F is comprised of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethyl formamide solvent and is present in the hardenable resin composition in an amount in the range of from about 15% to about 50% by weight of the composition, and more preferably in an amount of about 25%.
- the solvent contains the 4,4'- diaminodiphenyl sulfone in an amount of about 40% by weight of the solvent.
- the silane coupling agent is included in the hardenable resin composition in an amount in the range of from about 0.1% to about 3% by weight of the composition and more preferably in an amount of about 1%.
- surfactants for facilitating the coating of the resin on the proppant particles and for causing the resin to flow to the contact points between adjacent resin coated proppant particles can be utilized in the hardenable resin composition.
- the surfactants include, but are not limited to, ethoxylated nonyl phenol phosphate ester surfactants, mixtures of one or more cationic surfactants and one or more non-ionic surfactants and a C 12 -C 22 alkyl phosphonate surfactant. Of these, a C 12 -C 2 alkyl phosphonate surfactant is preferred.
- the surfactant is included in the hardenable resin composition in an amount in the range of from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the composition and more preferably in an amount of about 5%.
- the hydrolyzable ester is included in the liquid hardenable resin composition in an amount in the range of from about 0.1% to about 53% by weight of the composition and more preferably in an amount of about 2%.
- a high flash point diluent that can optionally be included in the hardenable resin composition is dipropylene glycol methyl ether. When used, the diluent is present in an amount of about 1% to about 40% by weight of the composition.
- the liquid hardenable resin composition of this invention can be premixed and stored at atmospheric conditions, e.g., temperatures up to 120°F without significant viscosity increase or deterioration.
- the liquid hardenable resin composition hardens at temperatures above about 200°F and can be utilized in wells having temperatures in the range of from about 200°F to about 350°F and higher.
- the liquid hardenable resin composition has a safe high flash point above 170°F.
- a liquid hardenable resin composition comprised of a liquid bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin resin, a 4 3 4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone dissolved in a dimethyl sulfoxide solvent, an n-beta- (aminoethyl)-gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane coupling agent, a C ⁇ 2 -C 22 alkyl phosphate surfactant, a mixture of dimethylglutarate, dimethyladipate and dimethylsuccinate hydrolyzable esters and a dipropylene glycol methyl ether diluent.
- a source of dry proppant particles and a gelled liquid fracturing fluid are also provided.
- the gelled liquid fracturing fluid is comprised of water and a gelling agent selected from the group consisting of guar gum, guar gum derivatives and cellulose derivatives.
- the gelled liquid fracturing fluid is pumped into the subterranean formation to form the one or more fractures therein and to place the proppant particles therein.
- the hardenable resin composition is coated onto the dry proppant particles conveyed from the source thereof to form hardenable resin composition coated proppant particles.
- the hardenable resin composition coated proppant particles are mixed with the fracturing fluid being pumped whereby the hardenable resin composition coated proppant particles are suspended therein.
- the pumping of the fracturing fluid, the coating of the hardenable resin composition onto the dry proppant particles and the mixing of the hardenable resin composition coated proppant particles formed with the fracturing fluid are terminated. Thereafter, the hardenable resin composition on the hardenable resin composition coated proppant particles is allowed to harden by heat and consolidate the proppant particles into one or more high production rate, high stress and/or high temperature degradation resistant permeable packs.
- the bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin resin, the 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone hardening agent dissolved in a dimethyl sulfoxide solvent, the silane coupling agent, the surfactant, the hydrolyzable esters and the dipropylene glycol methyl ether diluent are present in the hardenable resin composition in the same amounts as described above.
- the water in the gelled liquid fracturing fluid is selected from the group consisting of fresh water and salt water.
- salt water is used herein to mean unsaturated salt solutions and saturated salt solutions including brines and seawater.
- the gelling agent in the fracturing fluid is generally present in an amount in the range of from about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of water therein and more preferably in an amount of about 0.1% to about 1%.
- the gelled liquid fracturing fluid can include a cross-linking agent for increasing the viscosity of the fracturing fluid.
- suitable cross-linking agents include, but are not limited to, alkali metal borates, borax, boric acid and compounds capable of releasing multivalent metal ions in aqueous solutions.
- the cross-linking agent is included in the fracturing fluid in an amount in the range of from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight of water therein and more preferably in an amount of about 0.01% to about 1%.
- the fracturing fluid generally also includes a delayed viscosity breaker which functions to reduce the viscosity of the fracturing fluid and cause the resin composition coated proppant particles suspended in the fracturing fluid to be deposited in the fractures.
- delayed viscosity breakers which can be utilized include, but are not limited to, alkali metal and ammonium persulfates which are delayed by being encapsulated in a material which slowly releases the breaker, alkali metal chlorites, alkali metal hypochlorites and calcium hypochlorite.
- the delayed viscosity breaker is included in the fracturing fluid in an amount in the range of from about 1% to about 5% by weight of water therein.
- a preferred method of this invention for forming one or more fractures in a subterranean zone penetrated by a well bore and consolidating proppant particles therein, the subterranean zone having a temperature above about 225°F comprises the steps of: (a) providing proppant particles coated with a hardenable resin composition comprised of a liquid bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin resin, a 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone hardening agent dissolved in a solvent selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl formamide, a silane coupling agent and a surfactant for facilitating the coating of the resin on the proppant particles and for causing the resin to flow to the contact points between adjacent resin coated proppant particles; (b) providing a gelled liquid fracturing fluid; (c) pumping the gelled liquid fracturing fluid into the subterranean zone to form the one or more fractures and to deposit the proppant particles therein; (d
- Another improved method of the present invention for forming one or more fractures in a subterranean zone penetrated by a well bore and consolidating proppant particles therein, the subterranean zone having a temperature above about 225°F comprises the steps of: (a) providing a liquid hardenable resin composition comprised of a liquid bisphenol A- epichlorohydrin resin, a 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone hardening agent dissolved in a solvent selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl formamide, an n-beta- (aminoethyl)-gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane coupling agent, a C 1 -C 22 alkyl phosphate surfactant, a mixture of dimethyladipate and dimethylsuccinate hydrolyzable esters and a dipropylene glycol methyl ether diluent; (b) providing a source of dry proppant particles;
- a hardenable resin composition of this invention for coating proppant particles comprises: a hardenable resin comprised of a liquid bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin resin; a 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone hardening agent dissolved in a solvent selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl formamide; a silane coupling agent; and a surfactant for facilitating the coating of the resin on the proppant particles and for causing the resin to flow to the contact points between adjacent resin coated proppant particles.
- a hardenable resin composition was prepared comprised of a liquid bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin resin present in an amount of 49% by weight of the composition, a 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone hardening agent dissolved in a dimethyl sulfoxide solvent present in an amount of about 35% by weight of the composition, an n-beta- (aminoethyl)-gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane coupling agent present in an amount of about 1% by weight of the composition, a C 12 -C 22 alkyl phosphate surfactant present in an amount of about 4% by weight of the composition and a mixture of dimethylglutarate, dimethyladipate and dimethylsuccinate esters present in an amount of about 1 % by weight of the composition, and a diluent of dipropylene glycol methyl
- Samples of the hardenable resin composition were exposed to room temperature for eleven days and were maintained in a water bath at a temperature of 120°F for eleven days.
- the samples had viscosities between 1, 100 and 1300 centipoises which is a desirable viscosity level for coating the resin onto proppant particles.
- One of the hardenable resin composition samples described in Example 1 above was coated onto dry 20/40 mesh bauxite proppant particles in an amount of 3% by weight of the proppant.
- the resin coated proppant was mixed with water gelled with carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar and cross-linked with a zirconium cross-linker.
- Two portions of the resulting viscous fluid containing hardenable resin composition coated proppant particles were stirred for 1 hour at 175°F to simulate the effect of pumping and fluid suspension during a fracturing treatment. The fluids were then transferred and packed into brass flow cells without stress simulating fracture closure pressure.
- One of the resulting proppant particle packs was cured at a temperature of 325°F for 3 hours and the other was cured at the same temperature for 72 hours. Consolidated cores were obtained from the proppant packs formed and the cores were tested for unconfined compressive strengths.
- the consolidated core that was cured for 3 hours had an unconfined compressive strength of 1304 ⁇ 108 psi and the consolidated core that was cured for 72 hours had an unconfined compressive strength of 1230 ⁇ 47 psi.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
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AU2004217783A AU2004217783A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 | 2004-02-23 | Methods and compositions for consolidating proppant in fractures |
GB0515469A GB2414755A (en) | 2003-03-06 | 2004-02-23 | Methods and compositions for consolidating proppant in fractures |
MXPA05009466A MXPA05009466A (en) | 2003-03-06 | 2004-02-23 | Methods and compositions for consolidating proppant in fractures. |
NO20053721A NO20053721L (en) | 2003-03-06 | 2005-08-03 | Hardenable resin blend for proppant and method of popping underground zone |
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US10/383,184 US20040211561A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 | 2003-03-06 | Methods and compositions for consolidating proppant in fractures |
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- 2004-02-23 WO PCT/GB2004/000689 patent/WO2004079159A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-02-23 GB GB0515469A patent/GB2414755A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-02-23 MX MXPA05009466A patent/MXPA05009466A/en unknown
-
2005
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Also Published As
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NO20053721L (en) | 2005-10-06 |
MXPA05009466A (en) | 2005-11-23 |
AU2004217783A1 (en) | 2004-09-16 |
GB2414755A (en) | 2005-12-07 |
US20040211561A1 (en) | 2004-10-28 |
GB0515469D0 (en) | 2005-08-31 |
NO20053721D0 (en) | 2005-08-03 |
US7264052B2 (en) | 2007-09-04 |
US20050230111A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
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