WO2009025488A2 - Apparatus and method of analyzing constituents of gas in oral cavity and alveolar gas - Google Patents
Apparatus and method of analyzing constituents of gas in oral cavity and alveolar gas Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009025488A2 WO2009025488A2 PCT/KR2008/004833 KR2008004833W WO2009025488A2 WO 2009025488 A2 WO2009025488 A2 WO 2009025488A2 KR 2008004833 W KR2008004833 W KR 2008004833W WO 2009025488 A2 WO2009025488 A2 WO 2009025488A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- oral cavity
- solenoid valve
- exhaled breath
- sensor
- Prior art date
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- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 269
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 19
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 19
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000003928 nasal cavity Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000001331 nose Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 8
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 208000028169 periodontal disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010006326 Breath odour Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032139 Halitosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005264 electron capture Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 ethanol and acetone Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000017169 kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
- G01N33/497—Physical analysis of biological material of gaseous biological material, e.g. breath
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/08—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
- A61B5/097—Devices for facilitating collection of breath or for directing breath into or through measuring devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2226—Sampling from a closed space, e.g. food package, head space
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N2001/2244—Exhaled gas, e.g. alcohol detecting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method of analyzing constituents of gas in an oral cavity and exhaled breath.
- the apparatus is used to analyze constituents of volatile sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan, volatile organic compounds such as ethanol and acetone, and other gases such as carbon monoxide contained in the gas in the oral cavity and exhaled breath and to separately measure concentrations of the gases.
- volatile sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan
- volatile organic compounds such as ethanol and acetone
- other gases such as carbon monoxide contained in the gas in the oral cavity and exhaled breath and to separately measure concentrations of the gases.
- gas in an oral cavity means gas which is generated from an oral cavity of humans.
- Oral malodor a kind of halitosis consists mostly of volatile sulfur compounds like hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan generated from the oral cavity due to the anaerobic breakdown of proteins into individual amino acids which is caused by tongue coating or periodontal diseases.
- exhaled breath which is generated while humans breathe is discharged through an oral cavity and a nasal cavity to the outside, and contains gas constituents relating to human metabolism and respiration.
- a patient having an internal disease expells a bad smell containing volatile organic compounds such as acetone and alcohol, ammonia and the like according to the type of disease and inflammation.
- constituents of gas which is generated from an oral cavity or discharged through an oral cavity or a nasal cavity while breathing, relate to the nature of diseases.
- measurement of the concentration of carbon monoxide of exhaled breath of humans is considered a method of objectively evaluating a smoking condition. Accordingly, if predetermined constituents of gas in an oral cavity or exhaled breath are analyzed and their concentrations are measured, it is possible to schematically diagnose an oral cavity disease and an internal disease of humans.
- the diagnosis method may be useful in diagnosing an internal disease of a patient having oral malodor and a disease of infants or patients in the intensive care unit who are difficult to communicate to doctors.
- the method can also be used to diagnose the condition of a disease of domestic animals.
- FIG. 1 illustrates another apparatus for monitoring oral malodor gas.
- an oral malodor gas is transferred through a mouth filter 2 in the mouthpiece 1 by pump 4, and then constituents of oral malodor gas is analyzed by using a sensor 5.
- An electromagnetic valve 3 is opened, and a pump 4 is operated to refresh the sensor 5 by using the air that is filtered by a carbon filter.
- a portion of effective volatile sulfur compounds of the oral malodor gas is adsorbed on the mouth filter 2 in the mouthpiece 1 during sampling of the oral malodor gas. Therefore, it is difficult to precisely analyze the oral malodor gas.
- the sampling amount of oral malodor gas is used 80 ml.
- Korean Patent Application No. 2004-91837 discloses an apparatus for analyzing constituents of oral malodor gas.
- the apparatus shown in FIG. 10 The apparatus shown in FIG.
- first three way valve 12 that is connected to a control valve 12a at an end thereof, to a mouthpiece tube at another end thereof, and to an end of a sampling loop 11 for storing sampled oral malodor gas at a third end thereof
- second three way valve 16 that is connected to another end of the sampling loop 11 connected to the third end of the first three way valve 12 at an end thereof, to a syringe 14 through a check valve 13 at another end thereof to absorb the oral malodor gas and then store the absorbed oral malodor gas in the sampling loop 11, and to a solenoid valve 15 at a third end thereof
- a third three way valve 20 that is connected to a solenoid valve 15 at an end thereof, to an air flow tube 17 through which the filtered air flows at another end thereof, to a tube 19 connected to a semiconductor sensor 18 at a third end thereof
- an air filter 22 that is connected to an end of the air flow tube 17 to filter the air
- suction pump 21 that is connected to another end of the semiconductor sensor 18 to pass
- the air filter 22 is used to recover a gas sensor after gas analysis.
- the air filter 22 is used to reduce the relative humidity of sampled oral malodor gas.
- the oral malodor gas is analyzed while a patient opens his mouth. Therefore, various types of gases in the air may be mixed with the oral malodor gas.
- a filter that is formed of silica gel and activated carbon is used to filter unknown gas constituents in the air and to mix the filtered air and the oral malodor gas, which enables the oral malodor gas to be precisely analyzed.
- the oral malodor gas is inhaled into an apparatus for analyzing oral malodor at room temperature in the range of 20 to 28 0 C, water condenses at the surface of the sensor, which erroneously outputs sensor signal.
- the air filter 22 including silica gel is used to filter the air before the air is inhaled into the apparatus, and the filtered air is mixed with the oral malodor gas to reduce the relative humidity at the sensor, thus preventing water from condensing on the surface of the sensor.
- the semiconductor sensor 18 is provided with a oral malodor gas measurement unit
- an oral malodor gas measurement unit 18b that includes a sensor having predetermined selectivity in respects to methyl mercaptan.
- the apparatus for analyzing the constituents of the oral malodor gas can only analyze only physiological oral malodor gas and pathological oral malodor gas of a patient, which are two types of oral malodor gases in the oral cavity, but cannot analyze other volatile organic compounds of the gas in the oral cavity and constituents of the exhaled breath.
- KR Patent Application No. 10-2007-83383 is related to a gas analyzing apparatus of the oral cavity gas and the exhaled breath comprising a filter 110 that is filled with an adsorption and dehumidifying substance such as silica gel, calcium chloride, and activated carbon to filter the outside gas by adsorbing polar molecules and non-polar molecules in the outside air and by removing water in the outside air in order to use the outside gas as carrier gas, a first solenoid valve 120 that is connected to the filter 110 at an end thereof so as to provide carrier gas passing through the filter 110 thereinto and controls a flow of the gas in the oral cavity or the exhaled breath flowing through a connection port 121 thereto; a second solenoid valve 130 that is connected through a connection tube 122 to the first solenoid valve 120 at a first port thereof, connected through a bypass tube 131 to a third solenoid valve 140 at a second port thereof
- the bypass tube 131 that bypasses the carrier gas functions as follows. First, the bypass tube 131 prevents the inside of the sampling loop 132 from being contaminated by residues and impurities probably contained in the carrier gas. Second, when residues by the collected gas remain in the sampling loop 132, the bypass tube 131 prevents the residues from polluting the column 162.
- bypass tube 131 can be omitted as long as there is no risk of contamination of the sampling loop 132 by the carrier gas and the collected gas. According to this, the second solenoid valve 130 and the third solenoid valve 140 can be removed.
- the present invention has been made keeping in mind the above problems occurring in the related arts, and an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and a method of analyzing constituents of gas in an oral cavity and exhaled breath, so that volatile sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan, volatile organic compounds, and other gas constituents such as carbon monoxide are separately measured to analyze gas in an oral cavity and exhaled breath, thereby diagnosing oral health and internal diseases.
- the analyzing apparatus requires a bypass tube and five solenoid valves.
- the desired effect can be obtained with only three solenoid valves, also omitting the bypass tube.
- an apparatus for analyzing constituents of gas in an oral cavity and exhaled breath includes a filter that is filled with a substance adsorbing a polar molecule and a non-polar molecule including silica gel and activated carbon to filter an outside carrier gas; a first solenoid valve that is connected to the filter at an end thereof so as to provide carrier gas passing through the filter thereinto and controls a flow of the gas in the oral cavity or the exhaled breath flowing through a connection port thereto; a second solenoid valve that is connected through a connection tube to the first solenoid valve at a first port thereof, connected through a bypass tube to a third solenoid valve at a second port thereof so as to bypass the carrier gas, and connected to a sampling loop 132 filled with the gas in the oral cavity or the exhaled breath collected by the third solenoid valve at a third port thereof; a fourth solenoid valve that is connected through the connection tube to the third solenoi
- an apparatus for analyzing constituents of a gas in an oral cavity and an exhaled breath comprising a filter that is filled with a substance such as silica gel and activated carbon to filter off a carrier gas at the outside; a first solenoid valve that is connected to the filter at an end thereof so as to provide the carrier gas passed through the filter thereinto and controls a flow of the gas in the oral cavity or the exhaled breath flowing through a connection port thereto; a sampling loop that is connected with the first solenoid valve and filled with the collected gas in the oral cavity or carrier gas; a second solenoid valve that is connected to opposite side of the samplign loop; a third solenoid valve that is connected to another port of the second solenoid valve through the medium of an upper bypass tube provided with a speed controller; a column that is connected to another port of the second solenoid valve to allow the gas in the oral cavity or the exhaled breath and the carrier gas to sequentially flow therethrough
- a method of analyzing constituents of gas in an oral cavity and exhaled breath includes sampling the gas in the oral cavity or the exhaled breath from oral cavities or nasal cavities of humans or domestic animals; storing the sampled gas in a sampling loop; generating a fresh carrier gas from a filter; inhaling the generated carrier gas by using a pump; and providing the absorbed carrier gas to a column that is filled with a packing material for gas chromatography columns in conjunction with the gas collected in the sampling loop by using the pump to separate gas constituents from each other by using a difference in retention time and to measure concentrations of the separated gas constituents by using a gas sensor.
- gas in an apparatus and a method of analyzing constituents of gas in an oral cavity and exhaled breath according to the present invention, gas can be sampled from oral cavities of mouths of humans or domestic animals and exhaled breath can be sampled from noses thereof, and provided to a column that is designed so that carrier gas moves by using a small motor pump and is filled with a packing material for gas chromatography in conjunction with fresh dry air that is used as carrier gas and passes through a filter instead of high-pressure inert gas.
- the gas constituents are separated from each other by using a difference in retention time of the gas constituents in the column, and concentrations of the separated gas constituents are measured by using a gas sensor to analyze a volatile organic compound, carbon monoxide, and other gas constituents of oral malodor gas in an oral cavity and exhaled breath, thereby diagnosing oral cavity and internal diseases and performing observation so as to make a diagnosis on diseases.
- FIG. 1 is a systematic view schematically illustrating a known apparatus for monitoring oral malodor gas
- FIG. 2 is a systematic view illustrating another known apparatus for analyzing constituents of oral malodor gas
- FIG. 3 is a view illustrating an apparatus for analyzing constituents of gas in an oral cavity and exhaled breath according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a view illustrating an operation of a solenoid valve when gas in an oral cavity is sampled according to the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a view illustrating an operation of a solenoid valve during a measuring step after gas in the oral cavity and exhaled breath are sampled according to the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a view illustrating an apparatus for analyzing constituents of gas in the oral cavity and exhaled breath according to a modified embodiment of the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating sensor output signals of various gas constituents according to the present invention
- FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating constituents of gas in an oral cavity and exhaled breath of a patient having pathological oral malodor, which are analyzed according to the present invention
- FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating constituents of gas in an oral cavity and exhaled breath of a patient having physiological oral malodor, which are analyzed according to the present invention
- FIG. 10 is a graph illustrating a carbon monoxide concentration of gas in an oral cavity and exhaled breath of a smoker, which are measured according to the present invention
- FIG. 11 is a view illustrating an apparatus for analyzing constituents of gas in an oral cavity and exhaled breath according to a second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 12 is a view illustrating an apparatus for analyzing constituents of gas in an oral cavity and exhaled breath according to a modified embodiment of the second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 13 is a graph comparatively showing an output of a sensor according to the second embodiment of the present invetion and an output of a sensor of according to first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a view illustrating an apparatus for analyzing constituents of gas in an oral cavity and exhaled breath according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a view illustrating an operation of a solenoid valve when gas in an oral cavity is sampled according to the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a view illustrating an operation of a solenoid valve during a measuring step after gas in the oral cavity and exhaled breath are sampled according to the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a view illustrating an apparatus for analyzing constituents of gas in the oral cavity and exhaled breath according to a modified embodiment of the first embodiment the present invention
- FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating sensor output signals of various gas constituents according to the present invention.
- the apparatus for analyzing the constituents of gas in the oral cavity and exhaled breath includes a filter 110 that is filled with an adsorption and dehumidifying substance such as silica gel, calcium chloride, and activated carbon to filter the outside gas by adsorbing polar molecules and non-polar molecules in the outside air and by removing water in the outside air in order to use the outside gas as carrier gas; a first solenoid valve 120 that is connected to the filter 110 at an end thereof so as to provide carrier gas passing through the filter thereinto and controls a flow of the gas in the oral cavity or the exhaled breath flowing through a connection port 121 thereto; a second solenoid valve 130 that is connected through a connection tube 122 to the first solenoid valve 120 at a first port thereof, connected through a bypass tube 131 to a third solenoid valve 140 at a second port thereof so as to bypass the carrier gas, and connected to a sampling loop 132 filled with the gas in the
- the control unit 180 includes a hardware control unit 181 that is connected to the first to the fifth solenoid valves 120, 130, 140, 150, and 160 and the pump 170 to control the operations of the first to the fifth solenoid valves and the pump, a sensor control unit 182 that is connected to the sensor of the sensor chamber 160 to supply power required to detect sensor signal, and a signal calculation unit 183 that is connected to the sensor of the sensor chamber 160 to determine the type and concentration of the gases after the sensor signal is obtained.
- a hardware control unit 181 that is connected to the first to the fifth solenoid valves 120, 130, 140, 150, and 160 and the pump 170 to control the operations of the first to the fifth solenoid valves and the pump
- a sensor control unit 182 that is connected to the sensor of the sensor chamber 160 to supply power required to detect sensor signal
- a signal calculation unit 183 that is connected to the sensor of the sensor chamber 160 to determine the type and concentration of the gases after the sensor signal is obtained.
- gas in the oral cavity or exhaled breath is sampled from oral cavities or nasal cavities of humans or domestic animals, and stored in the sampling loop 132.
- the fresh carrier gas is generated from the filter 110, absorbed by using the pump 170, and inhaled into the column 162 that is filled with the packing material for gas chromatography columns in conjunction with the gas collected in the sampling loop 132 by using the pump 170.
- the gas constituents are separated from each other due to a difference in retention time, and the concentrations of the separated gas constituents are measured by the gas sensor.
- the apparatus for analyzing the constituents of the gas in the oral cavity and the exhaled breath further includes a heater 162a to maintain the temperature of the column 162, and a heater control unit 184 that is connected to the heater 162a to control the heater 162a and provided in the control unit 180.
- the heater control unit maintains the temperature of the heater constanly and adjusts a heating speed of the column at a predetermined rate, thus reducing the retention time of the constituent having the relatively long retention time.
- the filter 110 is filled with an adsorption and dehumidifying substance such as silica gel, calcium chloride, and activated carbon in order to filter the air from the outside of the apparatus so that polar and non-polar molecules can be adsorbed and water can be removed from the air.
- an adsorption and dehumidifying substance such as silica gel, calcium chloride, and activated carbon in order to filter the air from the outside of the apparatus so that polar and non-polar molecules can be adsorbed and water can be removed from the air.
- the carrier gas is fresh dry air which passes through the filter 110, carried to the column 162 along with the sampled gas, and functions to carry the constituents to the sensor when the effective constituent gases transfered on the column 162 are delievered according to the retention time.
- the filter 110 and the carrier gas are different from carrier gas which is used in a known gas chromatography, and the differences are as follows.
- inert gas such as helium, nitrogen, and argon is discharged from a high-pressure cylinder at a high pressure to be used as the carrier gas. For this reason, it is necessary to ensure professionals and specialized rooms in order to operate the high-pressure and high-purity gas cylinder.
- the carrier gas is generated from the air by using the filter 110. For this reason, the generation of carrier gas is easily ensured at low cost as compared to the known gas chromatography.
- the carrier gas flows in a flow direction of the high-pressure gas toward the column 162.
- the pump 170 inhales the carrier gas from the filter 110.
- the operation time of the apparatus is delayed until the pressure of the gas in the filter 110 reaches the predetermined pressure, and it is necessary to continuously operate the pump 110 in order to maintain the pressure.
- the pump 170 is disposed at the backmost part of the flow of the carrier gas, accordingly, the above-mentioned problems can be avoided.
- the column 162 that is filled with the packing material requires high pressure in order to enable the carrier gas to flow through the column.
- the pump 110 discharges the carrier gas toward the column 162
- the carrier gas is present at a very high positive pressure between the pump 110 and the column 162.
- the pump 110 inhales the carrier gas at the rear of the column 162
- high negative pressure is applied to the only tube between the column 162 and the pump 110
- the low negative pressure of carrier gas is present at proper level in the filter 170, the solenoid valves 120, 130, 140, 150, and 160, the sampling loop 132 and the like. Accordingly, the carrier gas can be transfered without delaying time inside of the filter.
- the known gas chromatography inert gas such as helium, nitrogen, and argon is used, but in the present invention, the filtered air containing oxygen is used as the carrier gas. Accordingly, the known gas chromatography is different from that of the present invention.
- the filtered carrier gas supplies oxygen which is required to be used in order to operate the sensor of the present invention.
- the sampling loop 132 is made of a material such as PTFE like Teflon which is difficult to adsorb gas thereonto, and has a length that is longer enough than a diameter.
- the sampling loop is designed so that the old gas existed in the sampling loop is pushed by the new sampled gas when the new gas is additionally sampled and the new sampled gas is inhaled into the sensor between the column 162 and the sensor chamber 163 in order to measure the concentrations of the gas constituents.
- the gas is sampled in a precise volume to perform the accurate measurement, sampling over a predetermined period of time which is calculated in consideration of an absorption rate of the pump 170, the gas is transported to the sampling loop 132 having a predetermined volume, the volume of gas is controlled so that the gas is confined in the sampling loop at a desired amount, by the solenoid valve which is closed at a predetermined time.
- the solenoid valve which is closed at a predetermined time.
- the sampling time is a predetermined value or more
- the desired amount of gas is injected to the sampling loop 132 and the excessive amount of gas is discharged through the bypass by using the solenoid valve and the pump. Accordingly, the gas can be sampled in a constant volume conveniently.
- the sampling loop type used in the present invention is different from a known gas chromatography rubber- septum process.
- the gas is injected in a relatively small volume of 0.5 to 1.0 ml, and the rubber-septum process is frequently used to perform gas chromatography for special analysis.
- the oral cavity has the volume of several tens of ml. Therefore, it is preferable that the volume of the sampled gas be in the range of 5 to 20 ml, not 0.5 to 1 ml, when the gas in the oral cavity is analyzed.
- the gas constituens which are present in a very small amount of 1 ppm or less are analyzed, and the great volume of analyzed gas constituents contributes to the reliable and precise measurement.
- the base line which is an initial value of the sensor varies according to the environment and the measurement conditions during the measurement.
- the gas constituents are ensured in an amount that is ten times as large as the amount of gas constituents of the rubber- septum case. As a result, a ratio of signal to noise is high and high output signal can be obtained.
- the column 162 is filled with the packing materials and has the number of separation stages which are useful to separate the volatile sulfur compounds or the volatile organic compounds and other object gas constituents.
- the packing material separates the object constituents of the sampled gas by using the retention time caused by a difference in affinity between the packing material and the carrier gas.
- the gas constituents are carried by the high-pressure carrier gas in the column.
- the gas constituents are carried by using the carrier gas inhaled by using a small vacuum pump in the column.
- the inner diameter and the length of the column, and the particle size and the packing density of the packing material in the column are different from those of the column of the known gas chromatography.
- the sensor of the sensor chamber 163 is used instead of detectors that are required in the known gas chromatography, and is a semiconductor type high-sensitive gas sensor that is formed of a sensor heater and a gas detection film.
- the sensor has desirable sensitivity and an excellent rapid reaction and recover rate in respects to the retention time.
- the polymer sensor has poor durability and a short life span and an electrochemical sensor has relatively low sensitivity as compared to the semiconductor type sensor.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 flows of gas constituents are designated by the full line at a step of sampling the gas in the oral cavity and the exhaled breath, concentrations of which are to be measured.
- the first solenoid valve 120 is controlled in the hardware control unit 181 to block the upper port such that the air is not provided to the filter 110.
- the gas in the oral cavity or the exhaled breath is provided through left and right ports of the first solenoid valve 120 to the second solenoid valve 130, and the sampled gas is provided to the sampling loop 132 that is connected to lower ports of the second solenoid valve 130 and the third solenoid valve 140 at both ends thereof.
- the upper ports of the second and the third solenoid valves 130 and 140 are closed to block the gas flow to the bypass tube 131.
- the gas flows to the sampling loop 132 or the air flows through the filter 110 by using the pump 170.
- FIGS. 3 and 5 illustrate the concentration measurement of the gas by using the dotted line. That is, in the above-mentioned state, the front port 121 of the first solenoid valve 120 is closed, and the carrier gas is provided to the upper port that is connected to the filter 110 and then to the second solenoid valve 130.
- the carrier gas is used to follow the sampled gas, that is, the gas in the oral cavity and the exhaled breath, in the sampling loop 132 that is connected to the lower ports of the second and the third solenoid valves 130 and 140 at both ends thereof onto the column 162 that is connected to the lower port of the fourth solenoid valve 150.
- the effective gas constituents are inhaled onto the column 162, and carried to the sensor of the sensor chamber 163 by using the carrier gas according to the delay time.
- the signal calculation unit 183 that is connected to the sensor collects sensor signal to evaluate the state of gas, determine the type and the concentration of gas, and display the type and the concentration of gas on the display device 190.
- a gas flow at a recover step for measurement of the next step is designated by the dash-dot line.
- the graph of FIG. 7 is a graph which illustrates output signal results of the sensor in respects to the gas constituents.
- the gas constituents such as hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, acetone, and ethanol have different retention times. That is, the gas constituents can be qualitatively analyzed.
- the signals are appropriately detected by using the sensor, resulting in the meaningful signal output magnitude to quantitatively analyze the gas constituents.
- a high-sensitive flame photometric detector (FPD) that is provided with a sulfur filter is frequently used to analyze the gas in the oral cavity. In this case, only the sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan are analyzed.
- FPD flame photometric detector
- the concentration of carbon monoxide of the exhaled breath of humans is typically measured by the concentration of carbon monoxide of internal hemoglobin. This may be used to objectively evaluate a smoking condition and a smoking dosage of a smoker.
- the present invention it is possible to measure the concentration of carbon monoxide in the body.
- a simple measurement method using a gas chromatography for analysis or an electrochemical sensor is used in the related art.
- the former case like the analysis of the oral malodor by using the gas chromatography, professionals, costly equipment, and high maintenance cost are required. For this reason, the former case is difficult to be used in typical hospitals and doctor's offices. In the latter case, there is an advantage in that facilitation is ensured, but an electrochemical sensor is used.
- the concentration of carbon monoxide can be precisely measured along with the sulfur compounds and various types of volatile organic compounds.
- FIG. 8 illustrates results of the analysis in respects to a patient having oral malodor according to the present invention.
- hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and a small amount of carbon monoxide were detected.
- a significant peak signal was not detected. Therefore, it can be seen that the patient is a typical patient having oral malodor who has sulfur compounds in his oral cavity. From the measurement results of methyl mercaptan, it can be seen that the patient has pathological oral malodor. From the low concentration of carbon monoxide, it can be seen that the patient is a non- smoker.
- FIG. 11 is a view illustrating an apparatus for analyzing constituents of gas in an oral cavity and exhaled breath according to a second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 12 is a view illustrating an apparatus for analyzing constituents of gas in an oral cavity and exhaled breath according to a modified embodiment of the second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 13 is a graph comparatively showing an output of a sensor according to the second embodiment of the present invetion and an output of a sensor according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the apparatus for analyzing constituents of gas in an oral cavity and exhaled breath comprises a filter 110 that is filled with an adsorption and dehumidifying substance such as silica gel, calcium chloride, and activated carbon to filter the outside gas by adsorbing polar molecules and non-polar molecules in the outside air and by removing water in the outside air in order to use the outside gas as carrier gas, a first solenoid valve 120 that is connected to the filter 110 at an end thereof so as to provide carrier gas passing through the filter thereinto and controls a flow of the gas in the oral cavity or the exhaled breath flowing through a connection port 121 thereto, a sampling loop 132 filled with the gas in the oral cavity or the exhaled breath collected in connection with the first solenoid valve 120, a second solenoid valve 150 that is connected to the sampling loop, a third solenoid valve 160 that is connected to another port of the second solenoid valve 150 through the medium of an upper bypass tube 161 provided with
- an adsorption and dehumidifying substance
- the control unit 180 comprises a hardware controller 181 that is connected to the first to the third solenoid valves 120, 150, and 160 and the pump 170 to control the operations of the first to the third solenoid valves and the pump, a sensor control unit 182 that is connected to the sensor of the sensor chamber 160 to supply power required to detect sensor signal, and a signal calculation unit 183 that is connected to the sensor of the sensor chamber 160 to determine the type and concentration of the gases after the sensor signal is obtained.
- gas in the oral cavity or exhaled breath is sampled from oral cavities or nasal cavities of humans or domestic animals, and stored in the sampling loop 132.
- the fresh carrier gas is generated from the filter 110, absorbed by using the pump 170, and inhaled into the column 162 that is filled with the packing material for gas chromatography columns in conjunction with the gas collected in the sampling loop 132 by using the pump 170.
- the gas constituents are separated from each other due to a difference in retention time, and the concentrations of the separated gas constituents are measured by the gas sensor.
- bypass tube 131 adopted in the first embodiment is excluded.
- second and the third solenoid valves in the first embodiment are also omitted.
- the second embodiment and the first embodiment of the present invention are applied to respectively different cases, thereby achieving different effects. More specifically, the first embodiment is more appropriate in a case where the carrier gas flown from the outside through the filter contains gas constituents not properly purified and contaminates the sampling loop, since it can minimize contamination of the sampling loop by the carrier gas by transferring the carrier gas to the bypass tube.
- the second embodiment is advantageous in terms of removing residues that may remain in the sampling loop by the carrier gas. More particularly, residues may be condensed or attached to an inner surface of the sampling loop in accordance with types and constituents of the collected gas.
- the carrier gas is passed through the sampling loop continuously, without being passed through the bypass tube, so that volatile residues in the sampling loop are thoroughly removed.
- the second embodiment of the present invention has been devised for this purpose, to be improved in the function of the filter such that the carrier gas can be purified thoroughly by the filter.
- the embodiments of the present invention are not superior or inferior to each other, but are just complementary. Therefore, as properly selected according to the cases, the first and the second embodiments are able to draw different effects. Generally, the first embodiment is more appropriate in a case where the collected gas contains a little water, the gas constituents are unlikely to attach to the inside of the sampling loop, and most of the gas constituents are volatile.
- the collected gas contains much water or the gas constituents mostly have low volatility
- a fresh carrier gas having lower humidity is required in order to volatilize the all residues and remove the water.
- the sampling loop needs to be exposed to the fresh carrier gas for a longer time. Accordingly, the second embodiment is preferred in this case.
- FIG. 13 comparatively shows the cases where the two embodiments are respectively applied, in measuring the oral malodor.
- signals of hydrogen sulfide (H S) and methyl mercaptan (CH SH) are sequentially output.
- the second embodiment is superior to the first embodiment since two peaks of the graph are more clearly separated and the state of the peaks are more excellent.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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JP2010521780A JP5716194B2 (en) | 2007-08-20 | 2008-08-20 | Apparatus and method for analyzing gas and alveolar air components in the oral cavity |
US12/673,851 US9144396B2 (en) | 2007-08-20 | 2008-08-20 | Apparatus and method of analyzing constituents of gas in oral cavity and alveolar gas |
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KR20080080918A KR100983827B1 (en) | 2007-08-20 | 2008-08-19 | Apparatus and method of analyzing constituents of gas in oral cavity and alveolar gas |
KR10-2008-0080918 | 2008-08-19 |
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