WO2011035286A1 - Implicit mechanism for determining user response to media - Google Patents
Implicit mechanism for determining user response to media Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011035286A1 WO2011035286A1 PCT/US2010/049610 US2010049610W WO2011035286A1 WO 2011035286 A1 WO2011035286 A1 WO 2011035286A1 US 2010049610 W US2010049610 W US 2010049610W WO 2011035286 A1 WO2011035286 A1 WO 2011035286A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- media content
- user
- emotional response
- viewing
- duration
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
- H04N7/173—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
- H04N7/17309—Transmission or handling of upstream communications
- H04N7/17318—Direct or substantially direct transmission and handling of requests
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/435—Processing of additional data, e.g. decrypting of additional data, reconstructing software from modules extracted from the transport stream
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/235—Processing of additional data, e.g. scrambling of additional data or processing content descriptors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
- H04N21/254—Management at additional data server, e.g. shopping server, rights management server
- H04N21/2543—Billing, e.g. for subscription services
- H04N21/2547—Third Party Billing, e.g. billing of advertiser
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
- H04N21/258—Client or end-user data management, e.g. managing client capabilities, user preferences or demographics, processing of multiple end-users preferences to derive collaborative data
- H04N21/25866—Management of end-user data
- H04N21/25891—Management of end-user data being end-user preferences
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/41—Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals
- H04N21/422—Input-only peripherals, i.e. input devices connected to specially adapted client devices, e.g. global positioning system [GPS]
- H04N21/42201—Input-only peripherals, i.e. input devices connected to specially adapted client devices, e.g. global positioning system [GPS] biosensors, e.g. heat sensor for presence detection, EEG sensors or any limb activity sensors worn by the user
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/442—Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed, the storage space available from the internal hard disk
- H04N21/44204—Monitoring of content usage, e.g. the number of times a movie has been viewed, copied or the amount which has been watched
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/442—Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed, the storage space available from the internal hard disk
- H04N21/44245—Monitoring the upstream path of the transmission network, e.g. its availability, bandwidth
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client
- H04N21/65—Transmission of management data between client and server
- H04N21/658—Transmission by the client directed to the server
- H04N21/6581—Reference data, e.g. a movie identifier for ordering a movie or a product identifier in a home shopping application
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client
- H04N21/65—Transmission of management data between client and server
- H04N21/658—Transmission by the client directed to the server
- H04N21/6582—Data stored in the client, e.g. viewing habits, hardware capabilities, credit card number
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
- H04N21/845—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
- H04N21/8456—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments by decomposing the content in the time domain, e.g. in time segments
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a mechanism for determining user response to media.
- User 15 response may involve satisfaction and interest levels.
- Some existing mechanisms allow a user to enter a rating after viewing the media.
- content providers make use of ratings information in order to modify the types of media materials presented. Users may enter ratings using the same or outside channels. Users may also submit more detailed reviews of particular media experiences, typically by using outside channels.
- mechanisms for determining user response to media materials are limited. Consequently, the techniques and mechanisms of the present invention provide improved mechanisms for determining user response to media.
- User response may include satisfaction, interest, and engagement levels.
- User response is determined implicitly by measuring channel switching, channel switching frequency, duration of viewing time, content duration, etc. in a linear or non-linear manner. In one example, the viewing duration evaluated with the media content duration to generate an interest factor.
- a relative interest factor for the media content is generated by referencing interest factors for the user for other pieces of media content for the user.
- User responses can be analyzed to determine user attention span, make content recommendations, deliver selected versions of content, customize advertising for a user, etc.
- Figure 1 illustrates a particular example of a network that can use the techniques and mechanisms of the present invention.
- Figure 2 illustrates a particular example of a content delivery system.
- Figure 3 illustrates a particular example of evaluating user response.
- Figure 4 illustrates a particular example of applying user profile database information.
- Figure 5 illustrates a particular example of calculating user interest levels.
- Figure 6 illustrates a particular example of system. DESCRIPTION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS
- connection does not necessarily mean a direct, unimpeded connection unless otherwise noted.
- the ability to accurately assess user response to media content such as video streams and clips can be very valuable.
- An accurate assessment of user interest, engagement, satisfaction, etc., with a particular program allows a content or service provider to customize programming, tailor advertising content, target product promotions, revise content streams, recommend additional content, etc.
- Providing targeted content on devices such as mobile devices can often be difficult.
- Some providers monitor the number or percentages of viewers watching a particular channel or program.
- the numbers and percentages provide some rough estimate regarding the overall popularity of a program. They also show viewing trends and patterns. However, these numbers and percentages provide little information on individual interest or satisfaction levels.
- viewers may be categorized by demographic and geographic groupings, and further insight can be obtained regarding the types of content suitable for particular audiences.
- the techniques and mechanisms of the present invention provide implicit mechanisms for determining user response to media materials.
- User interest, engagement, and satisfaction can be passively determined using implicit mechanisms by monitoring user behavior or other indirect activity.
- implicit mechanisms measure user interest, satisfaction, and engagement related to a viewing or listening experience with or without supplemental explicit mechanisms.
- the implicit measures of user view time, channel change frequency, clip duration, subsequent content viewed, average viewing duration, time of day, and clip metadata describing the content, etc. are all available for analysis.
- a simple linear model compares the user view time to the media clip duration in order to generate a single scalar value that is independent of media length. A user viewing a 90% of a clip can be deemed to be very interested while a user viewing 40% of a clip can be deemed to be moderately interested.
- the linear approach generates a single number that can be used to compare a user's response to various pieces of content in a consistent manner.
- the linear approach has limited accuracy. With actual analytic data regarding real viewership patterns, it is possible to improve beyond this simple linear model. Rather than using a single linear model for all content, it is possible to vary the function itself based on content length.
- a non-linear approach analyzes user view time and content duration and applies different functions based on the duration of the content. For example, a 2 minute long clip that was 50% viewed was scored lower than a 10 minute long clip that was viewed for 50% of its duration. In the mobile environment, a viewer who manages to get through the 50% of the 10 minute clip (5 minutes) may be more engaged than the user getting through 50% (1 minute) of the 2 minute clip.
- a single non-linear function is applied that varies interest level scores based not just on the percentage of a clip viewed but on the clip duration.
- a user typically watching 10% of all 30 minute video clips may be determined to be very interested after watching 20% of a particular 30 minute video clip.
- video clips may be left running even when individual viewers are not paying attention.
- playback of a video clip is typically a good indicator of interest.
- user viewing patterns are analyzed to determine user characteristics such as attention span. Users determined to have generally shorter attention spans may receive content tailored to short attention spans. A headline version of the news may be provided along with shortened commercial segments. Users having longer attention spans may be provided with more in depth versions of content. Content having scene changes that occur less frequently and less abruptly may be suggested for further viewing.
- implicit mechanisms can include not only viewing length, but can also include mobile device location, accelerometer activity, audio-level/background, temperature, altitude, battery level, camera activity, local data storage, etc.
- the responses can be captured and provided to a system for further evaluation.
- a device can detect when an individual is moving or running and content appropriate to that activity may be provided to the user.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation showing one example of a network that can use the techniques of the present invention.
- media content is provided from a number of different sources 185.
- Media content may be provided from film libraries, cable companies, movie and television studios, commercial and business users, etc. and maintained at a media aggregation server 161.
- Any mechanism for obtaining media content from a large number of sources in order to provide the media content to mobile devices in live broadcast streams is referred to herein as a media content aggregation server.
- the media content aggregation server 161 may be clusters of servers located in different data centers.
- content provided to a media aggregation server 161 is provided in a variety of different encoding formats with numerous video and audio codecs.
- Media content may also be provided via satellite feed 157.
- An encoder farm 171 is associated with the satellite feed 187 and can also be associated with media aggregation server 161.
- the encoder farm 171 can be used to process media content from satellite feed 187 as well as possibly from media aggregation server 161 into potentially numerous encoding formats.
- file formats include open standards MPEG-1 (ISO/IEC 11172), MPEG-2 (ISO/IEC 13818-2), MPEG-4 (ISO/IEC 14496), as well as proprietary formats QuickTimeTM, ActiveMovieTM, and RealVideo TM.
- Some example video codecs used to encode the files include MPEG-4, H.263, and H.264.
- Some example audio codecs include Qualcomm PurevoiceTM (QCELP), The Adaptive Multi-Narrow Band (AMR- NB), Advanced Audio coding (AAC), and AACPlus.
- the media content may also be encoded to support a variety of data rates.
- the media content from media aggregation server 161 and encoder farm 171 is provided as live media to a streaming server 175.
- the streaming server is a Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) server 175.
- Media streams are broadcast live from an RTSP server 175 to individual client devices 101.
- a variety of protocols can be used to send data to client devices.
- Possible client devices 101 include personal digital assistants (PDAs), cellular phones, personal computing devices, personal computers etc.
- PDAs personal digital assistants
- the client devices are connected to a cellular network run by a cellular service provider.
- the client devices are connected to an Internet Protocol (IP) network.
- IP Internet Protocol
- the client device can be connected to a wireless local area network (WLAN) or some other wireless network. Live media streams provided over RTSP are carried and/or encapsulated on one of a variety of wireless networks.
- the client devices are also connected over a wireless network to a media content delivery server 131.
- the media content delivery server 131 is configured to allow a client device 101 to perform functions associated with accessing live media streams.
- the media content delivery server allows a user to create an account, perform session identifier assignment, subscribe to various channels, log on, access program guide information, obtain information about media content, etc.
- the media content delivery server does not deliver the actual media stream, but merely provides mechanisms for performing operations associated with accessing media. In other implementations, it is possible that the media content delivery server also provides media clips, files, and streams.
- the media content delivery server is associated with a guide generator 151.
- the guide generator 151 obtains information from disparate sources including content providers 181 and media information sources 183.
- the guide generator 151 provides program guides to database 155 as well as to media content delivery server 131 to provide to client devices 101.
- the guide generator 151 obtains viewership information from individual client devices.
- the guide generation 151 compiles viewership information in real-time in order to generate a most-watched program guide listing most popular programs first and least popular programs last.
- the client device 101 can request program guide information and the most- watched program guide can be provided to the client device 101 to allow efficient selection of video content.
- guide generator 151 is connected to a media content delivery server 131 that is also associated with an abstract buy engine 141.
- the abstract buy engine 141 maintains subscription information associated with various client devices 101. For example, the abstract buy engine 141 tracks purchases of premium packages.
- the media content delivery server 131 and the client devices 101 communicate using requests and responses.
- the client device 101 can send a request to media content delivery server 131 for a subscription to premium content.
- the abstract buy engine 141 tracks the subscription request and the media content delivery server 131 provides a key to the client device 101 to allow it to decode live streamed media content.
- the client device 101 can send a request to a media content delivery server 131 for a most- watched program guide for its particular program package.
- the media content delivery server 131 obtains the guide data from the guide generator 151 and associated database 155 and provides appropriate guide information to the client device 101.
- the various devices such as the guide generator 151, database 155, media aggregation server 161, etc. are shown as separate entities, it should be appreciated that various devices may be incorporated onto a single server. Alternatively, each device may be embodied in multiple servers or clusters of servers. According to various embodiments, the guide generator 151, database 155, media aggregation server 161, encoder farm 171, media content delivery server 131, abstract buy engine 141, and streaming server 175 are included in an entity referred to herein as a media content delivery system.
- FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation showing one example of a media content delivery server 291.
- the media content delivery server 291 includes a processor 201, memory 203, and a number of interfaces.
- the interfaces include a guide generator interface 241 allowing the media content delivery server 291 to obtain program guide information.
- the media content delivery server 291 also can include a program guide cache 231 configured to store program guide information and data associated with various channels.
- the media content delivery server 291 can also maintain static information such as icons and menu pages.
- the interfaces also include a carrier interface 211 allowing operation with mobile devices such as cellular phones operating in a particular cellular network.
- the carrier interface allows a carrier vending system to update subscriptions.
- Carrier interfaces 213 and 215 allow operation with mobile devices operating in other wireless networks.
- An abstract buy engine interface 243 provides communication with an abstract buy engine that maintains subscription information.
- An authentication module 221 verifies the identity of mobile devices.
- a logging and report generation module 253 tracks mobile device requests and associated responses.
- a monitor system 251 allows an administrator to view usage patterns and system availability.
- the media content delivery server 291 handles requests and responses for media content related transactions while a separate streaming server provides the actual media streams.
- a media content delivery server 291 may also have access to a streaming server or operate as a proxy for a streaming server. But in other instances, a media content delivery server 291 does not need to have any interface to a streaming server. In typical instances, however, the media content delivery server 291 also provides some media streams.
- the media content delivery server 291 can also be configured to provide media clips and files to a user in a manner that supplements a streaming server.
- a particular media content delivery server 291 is described, it should be recognized that a variety of alternative configurations are possible. For example, some modules such as a report and logging module 253 and a monitor 251 may not be needed on every server. Alternatively, the modules may be implemented on another device connected to the server. In another example, the server 291 may not include an interface to an abstract buy engine and may in fact include the abstract buy engine itself. A variety of configurations are possible.
- Figure 3 illustrates one example of a technique for evaluating user response to media materials.
- a user initiated viewing event is detected.
- the user initiated viewing event may be a change to a particular channel on a mobile device or the selection and playback of a particular video clip.
- the media material is identified.
- the user is identified.
- a user viewing termination event is detected.
- a user viewing termination event may be a change to a different channel, selection and playback of a different video clip, playback stoppage, navigation to a different site or window, etc.
- the duration and/or type of the media material is determined at 309.
- the duration and/or type of the media material may determine what function is applied to generate a metric for user response to the material.
- a model uses the following determinations. Media material is scored on a rating from 0 to 5 with 5 being very likeable based on the percentage of a clip viewed. In particular examples, different scoring functions are applied based on the length of the clip at 311. At 313, scaling factors can be applied depending on the type of clip.
- the relative interest level of the user for a particular program is determined by comparing the current determined interest level with interest levels determined for other programs. In some examples, a user relative interested level may be determined to be very high upon watching 15 minutes of a 30 minute clip if the user typically only watches one or two minutes of most 30 minute clips.
- the interest level along with the relative interest level for a particular piece of content is maintained in a user profile database at 317.
- the interest level incorporates a measure of satisfaction and engagement.
- the relative interest level is measured relative to the user's own interest in other types of content.
- Figure 4 illustrates one mechanism for applying user profile database information.
- an attention span profile for the user is generated.
- the attention span profile is generated when the user is determined to have predominantly brief viewing patterns. In some example, a user viewing less than 25% of 95% of all clips watched for at least 10 seconds is determined to have a short attention span profile.
- the user is provided with the option to receive short attention span profile content.
- the user is provided shortened versions of video clips, abbreviated versions of advertising, time accelerated versions of content such as content played at 140% speed, or headline news instead of standard news programs.
- a user viewing more than 95% of at least 75%) of all clips watched for at least 10 seconds is determined to have a long attention span.
- the user is provided with the option to receive long attention span profile content at 405 if the user is determined to have a long attention span profile. More documentaries and in depth reporting may be suggested. Fewer but longer commercials may also be provided in place of more frequent but shorter commercials.
- content types and tags associated with high interest levels and/or high relative interest levels are identified.
- similarly typed and/or tagged content is suggested for users having high interest levels and high relative interest levels for content of a particular type or content having particular tags.
- content is tagged to allow efficient identification of content characteristics. Tags may include subject matter, rating, violence level, educational value, etc.
- users determined to have high implicit interest levels in particular types of content are provided with more similarly tagged content.
- similarly typed and/or tagged advertising is provided to users having particular interest levels or relative interest levels.
- relative interest level information can be combined with demographic data, location information, and personal preferences to customize and enhance user viewing experiences.
- Figure 5 illustrates a particular embodiment for calculating interest levels.
- the duration of viewing, clip duration, and content tags and/or type are determined. In some examples, implicit factors can be used to filter out content having particular tags and/or types.
- the viewing duration is less than 10s, the activity is disregarded. An extremely short viewing duration may merely be indicative of an intermediate channel change toward a destination channel.
- the emotional response or interest factor is set to 1 on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 representing the highest level of interest.
- different functions are applied depending on clip duration.
- an emotional response score of 5 is assigned if 95% of the clip is viewed and an emotional response score of 4 is assigned if 90%> of the clip is viewed at 509.
- an emotional response score of 5 is assigned if 90%> of the clip is viewed and an emotional response score of 4 is assigned if 80%> of the clip is viewed at 511.
- an emotional response score of 5 is assigned if 80%) of the clip is viewed and an emotional response score of 4 is assigned if 70%> of the clip is viewed at 513.
- FIG. 6 illustrates one example of a server that can be used to evaluated user response.
- a system 600 suitable for implementing particular embodiments of the present invention includes a processor 601, a memory 603, an interface 611, and a bus 615 (e.g., a PCI bus or other interconnection fabric) and operates as a streaming server.
- the processor 601 is responsible for modifying and transmitting live media data to a client.
- the interface 611 is typically configured to end and receive data packets or data segments over a network.
- interfaces supports include Ethernet interfaces, frame relay interfaces, cable interfaces, DSL interfaces, token ring interfaces, and the like.
- various very high-speed interfaces may be provided such as fast Ethernet interfaces, Gigabit Ethernet interfaces, ATM interfaces, HSSI interfaces, POS interfaces, FDDI interfaces and the like.
- these interfaces may include ports appropriate for communication with the appropriate media. In some cases, they may also include an independent processor and, in some instances, volatile RAM.
- the system 600 is a content server that also includes a transceiver, streaming buffers, and a program guide database.
- the content server may also be associated with subscription management, logging and report generation, and monitoring capabilities.
- functionality for allowing operation with mobile devices such as cellular phones operating in a particular cellular network and providing subscription management.
- an authentication module verifies the identity of devices including mobile devices.
- a logging and report generation module tracks mobile device requests and associated responses.
- a monitor system allows an administrator to view usage patterns and system availability.
- the content server 691 handles requests and responses for media content related transactions while a separate streaming server provides the actual media streams.
- the present invention relates to tangible, machine readable media that include program instructions, state information, etc. for performing various operations described herein.
- machine-readable media include hard disks, floppy disks, magnetic tape, optical media such as CD-ROM disks and DVDs; magneto-optical media such as optical disks, and hardware devices that are specially configured to store and perform program instructions, such as read-only memory devices (ROM) and programmable read-only memory devices (PROMs).
- program instructions include both machine code, such as produced by a compiler, and files containing higher level code that may be executed by the computer using an interpreter.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
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DE112010003731T DE112010003731T5 (en) | 2009-09-21 | 2010-09-21 | Implicit mechanism for determining user reactions to media |
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US12/563,935 US8875167B2 (en) | 2009-09-21 | 2009-09-21 | Implicit mechanism for determining user response to media |
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US8875167B2 (en) | 2014-10-28 |
US20110072448A1 (en) | 2011-03-24 |
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