WO2013051959A1

WO2013051959A1 - Underwater coffin and filter for same

Info

Publication number: WO2013051959A1
Application number: PCT/RU2012/000167
Authority: WO
Inventors: Сергей Николаевич БУРОБИН
Original assignee: Burobin Sergei Nikolaevich
Priority date: 2011-10-05
Filing date: 2012-03-11
Publication date: 2013-04-11
Also published as: RU2447874C1

Abstract

An underwater coffin (1) for burial in bodies of water is proposed comprising: a rigid, elongate, watertight housing (2); a cavity inside the housing for accommodating the body of a deceased person; and an aperture provided in one of the elements of the housing and allowing the cavity inside the housing to communicate with the external surroundings. What is novel is that the design of the coffin (1) additionally comprises a filter mounted in the aperture and containing a porous filter material (10, 14) that is capable of allowing water from a body of water to pass into the housing and to exit therefrom and is a substrate for bacteria, microorganisms and/or microscopic aquatic organisms capable of feeding on the decomposition products of human body tissue and/or on by-products thereof. A filter is also claimed for filtering the water exiting the cavity of the housing of the coffin (1), said filter comprising perforated screens (11) with a porous filter material (10, 14) therebetween which is a substrate for bacteria, microorganisms and/or microscopic aquatic organisms capable of feeding on the decomposition products of human body tissue and/or on by-products thereof. The invention makes it possible to prevent contamination of a body of water with decomposition products.

Description

SARCOPHAGE FOR UNDERWATER TURNS AND FILTER FOR SUCH

Sarcophagus

Technical field

The invention relates to funeral accessories, and in particular, to devices for underwater burial of bodies of dead people or animals.

State of the art

Known prefabricated coffin capsule designed for the burial of the bodies of dead people in various environments [patent RU2403003, publ. 10.1 01.2010]. A coffin capsule made of heavy-duty glass or fiberglass has a streamlined shape and consists of upper and lower symmetrical parts that are connected to a lock pre-coated with glue. A plastic insert is installed in the lower part of the capsule body, equipped with straps for keeping the body in a lying position. The recess made in the insert for fixing the body may have various sizes. The material from which the coffin capsule is made does not decompose, and the body inside is hermetically isolated from the environment. The disadvantages of the known coffin capsule are the time-consuming technological process of its manufacture, which requires the manufacture of a special mold, and the high cost of the materials from which it is made, the danger of depressurization of the castle joints due to an increase in the internal gas pressure and the release of thermal energy in the process decomposition of soft tissues of the body, lack of means of neutralizing decomposition products, which poses a threat to the environmental safety of the environment, the lack of the possibility of subsequent extraction cheniya bone remains from the tomb-capsules for their compact perezaho- Ronen on land and reuse it for future burials.

Also, a prefabricated funeral capsule is known for the underwater burial of bodies of dead people [patent US51271 12, publ. 07/07/1992]. The capsule has an ellipsoidal shape and consists of the lower and upper parts made of cement mortar reinforced with fiberglass and hermetically connected by means of a groove and a protrusion to each other using epoxy glue. Rigid spacer elements are installed inside the lower and upper parts to protect the capsule from collapse and destruction. The capsule is not subject to corrosion and is able to maintain its shape and tightness for a long time. The body placed inside the capsule on a pallet is wrapped in a gas-tight shroud. As a preservative, oil products or inert gases capable of preserving the body for a long time were used. After the body wrapped in a shroud and placed in a capsule, a liquid preservative is introduced from the bottom of the capsule in order to displace air or other reactive gas from it. The capsule is equipped with the layout of the burial place and data on the autobiography and genealogy of the deceased for further scientific study. The disadvantages of the known capsules are the relatively large mass that complicates the transportation of the capsule with the body and its underwater burial, respectively, the large consumption of materials used for its manufacture, the relatively high cost of preservatives, the complexity of the process of filling the internal volume of the capsule with a preservative, the risk of depressurization the connection between the upper and lower parts of the capsule due to its erosion by oil products and their ingress into the surrounding aquatic environment, lack of means of dehydration disposal of decomposition products, which poses a threat to the environmental safety of the environment, the inability to compactly bury in the allotted bottom section for these purposes, the inability to subsequently remove bone remains for the purpose of reburying them on land and reusing the capsule for subsequent burial.

As a prototype, a container sarcophagus for marine underwater burial of the bodies of dead people, the body of which is made of thick cardboard [patent US4041582, publ. 08.16.1977]. To increase strength, the container body is additionally equipped with a frame made of hardboard, chipboard or wood. Outside, the container is impregnated with a waterproof layer, which is used as melted wax, and is covered with decorative materials imitating the texture of wood. Through-openings are made in the walls of the container and in the removable lid that covers it from above, designed to displace air and pass water into the container when it is flooded. Ballast bars are longitudinally installed inside the container, which are laid on the bottom of the container in the form of a trellised floor equipped with elastic straps to hold the body of a dead person. Before placing the body in a container, it is packaged in a plastic bag, after which the body is placed on the floor in the container and secured with straps. The removable lid is fastened to the container body by metal strips that cover the container and fix the cover to the body. The container with the body prepared for burial is delivered on the deck of the vessel to the burial place, from the side of which the container is lowered into the sea on an inclined deck. The disadvantages of the known container for underwater disposal are the fragility and fragility of the design, which eliminates its reuse for subsequent burials, the lack of means of neutralizing the decomposition products of soft tissues of the dead person's body, which poses a threat to the environmental safety of the marine environment, the inability to compact underwater burial in the area allotted for these purposes and the subsequent extraction of bone remains for the purpose of their rebury on land.

Disclosure of invention

The technical task to be solved is the creation of a sarcophagus for underwater burials of a relatively simple and robust construction, provided with means of neutralizing decomposition products to prevent environmental pollution.

Another technical task to be solved is the creation of such a construction of the sarcophagus for underwater burials, which will make it possible to form a compact burial structure in the underwater bottom section allocated for these purposes with the most compact volume, and which will make possible the subsequent extraction of bone remains from sarcophagus after decomposition of soft tissues of the body for the purpose of reburial on a minimum land area and repeated reuse of the proposed sarcophagus.

To solve the technical problem, a sarcophagus is proposed for underwater burials in a reservoir, including: a housing made of rigid, elongated and waterproof; a body cavity made in the body to place the body of a dead person in it, the dimensions of which correspond to the size of the body of a dead person; and an opening made in one of the elements of the housing and allowing the cavity of the housing to communicate with the external space. What is new is that the design of the sarcophagus additionally includes a filter installed in the opening and containing a filtering porous filler capable of passing water into the body cavity and releasing it back and being a substrate for bacteria, microorganisms, and / or microscopic hydrobionts capable of eating food decomposition of human body tissues and / or their derivatives.

This design ensures the neutralization of water leaving the cavity of the sarcophagus body by creating conditions inside the filter for the life of bacteria, microorganisms and / or microscopic aquatic organisms that absorb and / or feed on the decomposition products of human body tissues and / or their derivatives in the form of detrital food chain. The housing can be made in the form of an elongated glass and is equipped with a housing cover from the open end of the glass. The preferred orientation of the housing is the horizontal orientation of its longitudinal axis.

The housing may have a different shape, for example, the shape of an elongated parallelepiped or elongated cylinder.

The housing cover is best done removable.

The opening is best done in the housing cover.

The sarcophagus can be equipped with an additional removable housing cover, which is made blind for hermetically closing the cavity of the body, for example, for use in the transportation process.

The opening can be limited on both sides by perforated fencing, while the filtering porous filler is tightly placed between the perforated fencing.

The role of the fencing of the opening from the reservoir side can be performed by the external end face of the housing cover, in which through holes are made for these purposes.

A mesh can be used to enclose the opening from the side of the body cavity.

The housing may be made of reinforced concrete. At the same time, it is better to mount mounting elements on the outer surface of the housing that allow gripping devices such as slings, hooks, etc.

The sarcophagus may further include a bed made with the possibility of placing the body of a dead person on itself and be inserted into the cavity of the body.

It is better to equip the bed with fastening elements for fixing the body of a dead person on the bed.

The bed can be made in the form of a coffin case and equipped with a coffin lid, while the coffin case and / or the coffin lid are perforated so that water can enter and exit the coffin.

Longitudinal guides can be made on two opposite walls of the body cavity, while the bed is equipped on both sides with slides made with the ability to move along the longitudinal guides.

Mounting elements can be mounted on the outer surface of the casing, allowing the casing of another sarcophagus to be attached to the casing in order to create compact mass graves. In another aspect, the present invention provides a filter for filtering water leaving a cavity of the sarcophagus body for underwater burial in the body of water of a reservoir containing perforated barriers and a filtering porous filler located between perforated barriers in which the filtering porous filler is a substrate for bacteria, microorganisms and / or microscopic aquatic organisms capable of feeding on the decomposition products of human body tissues and / or their derivatives.

Such a filter can be installed not only in the above-described sarcophagus of the present invention, but also in known sarcophagi, for example, in the opening or openings of the sarcophagus of the structure described above for patent US4041582.

The filtering porous filler is best performed from plant particles that are rapidly colonized by bacteria, microorganisms and / or microscopic aquatic organisms that live in the pond.

The filtering porous filler may be made of wood chips, in particular wood chips, and / or algae.

The filtering porous filler can be multilayer, for example with layers of different porosity or from various materials.

It is better when the porosity of the filtering porous filler increases in the direction from the body cavity to the outer space, i.e. in the direction of the body of water.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention is further explained in more detail using the drawings, which show:

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section through a sarcophagus of a modular design according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a transverse section through an underwater burial consisting of four sarcophagi;

FIG. 3 - attachment point of a removable sealed cover used when towing a sarcophagus to a burial place;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view with a local section of a removable sealed cover; and

FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of a removable cover with a filter.

The best embodiment of the invention Below, the proposed technical solution is explained in more detail using the example of underwater burial of several sarcophagi of the present invention having a modular design.

As shown in FIG. 1, the sarcophagus 1, intended for mass burial, includes such basic elements as the casing 2 in the form of a cup in the shape of a parallelepiped, and the lid of the casing 7 covering the cavity of the casing 2 from the side of its open end. Sarcophagus 1 is intended for placement at the bottom in horizontal orientation. The cavity of the housing 2 is designed to accommodate one body located in the coffin 3 in a horizontal position. Alternatively, the housing may be in the form of a cylindrical cup.

Many sarcophagi 1 can be connected to each other by means of connecting elements mounted on the housing 2. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, four sarcophagi 1 are connected to each other using embedded parts 4 connected by welding. It is possible to use for these purposes any connections, both detachable and one-piece.

In this example, the casing 2 is made of concrete of a strength class of at least B15 and a water permeability class of at least W4. Concrete is reinforced with a welded reinforcing mesh made of AH bar 8 mm in diameter with a cell of 100 x 100 mm. The wall thickness of the housing 2 may be from 80 to 100 mm. Alternatively, the housing 2 may be made of any suitable materials, including metallic materials, reinforced plastics, and the like, capable of providing its rigidity and strength under the influence of water pressure at the bottom of the reservoir.

Embedded parts 4 mounted in the longitudinal outer surfaces of the housing 2 are made of steel plates with a thickness of 10 mm Also, when assembling the sarcophagus 1, intended for collective burial, mounting loops 5 are mounted on the longitudinal outer surfaces of the casing 2, designed for lifting the casing 2 with lifting mechanisms, for example, during the assembly of the sarcophagus 1 and / or its immersion to the bottom pond.

On two opposite walls of the cavity of the casing 2 there are mounted longitudinal guides 12 made of channel Ν ° 5 and designed for installation of a bed in the form of a coffin 3 on the slide of the coffin 3. Inside the coffin 3 there are flexible straps 13 made of nylon and designed for fixing the body inside the coffin 3. The perforation holes with a diameter of 10 mm are made in the walls of the lid and the coffin body 3 for passage of the aqueous medium. Outside the cover wall and the body of the coffin 3 is covered with a decorative fabric that has the ability to pass water.

The sarcophagus 1 kit includes two removable housing covers, namely, the temporary housing cover 6 (see Figs. 3 and 4) and the main housing cover 7 (see Figs. 1 and 5). Both housing covers 6, 7 are made of polypropylene with a thickness of at least 20 mm. Alternatively, it is possible to make housing covers of other suitable materials, for example, of a metal material or other polymeric material.

The main cover of the housing 7 or the temporary cover of the housing 6 is installed on the open end of the housing 2 on a gasket 8 made of polyurethane, and is fixed to the housing 2 using detachable clips-latches 9.

The temporary cover of the casing 6 is blind and designed to seal the cavity of the casing 2 (see Fig. 3) during transportation of the sarcophagus 1 to the burial place.

The main cover of the housing 7 is made with a cavity, which serves as an opening, allowing the cavity of the housing 2 to communicate with the external space (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 5).

A filter is mounted in the cavity of the main cover of the housing 7, including a filtering porous filler placed in two layers: layer 10 of wood chips and layer 14 of algae. On the one hand, namely on the side of layer 14, the filtering porous filler is limited by the end part of the main cover of the housing 7, in which through holes are made for water passage, and on the other hand, namely, on the side of layer 10, by a mesh frame 1 1.

Layer 10 and layer 14, in addition to the filtering function, serve as a substrate for colonizing and living in them bacteria, microorganisms and / or microscopic aquatic organisms of the reservoir.

Layers 10 and 14 are stacked. The thickness of the layers 10 and 14 can be 200 mm each, and the diameter of the through holes in the end part of the main cover of the housing 7 can be up to 10 mm with their number 70-100 pieces; the mesh size of the mesh frame 1 1 can be up to 5 mm, which allows unhindered passage of the aqueous medium and at the same time fix layers 10 and 14 in the working position necessary for filtering. The mesh frame 1 1 may be made of brass or polymeric material. Here, it is important that the particle size of the material of layers 10 and 14 should be larger than the mesh size of the mesh frame 1 1 and the diameter of the through holes in the end part of the main cover of the housing 7, respectively.

In this example, the particle size of the chips of layer 10 is selected smaller than the particle size of the algae of layer 14, i.e. the porosity of the layer 10 is less than the porosity of the layer 14, which allows you to create better conditions for the absorption and / or eating of the decomposition products of tissues of the human body in the immediate vicinity of the cavity of the body 2.

As wood chips of layer 10, wood chips or sawdust of any species can be used.

As algae of layer 14, it is better to use algae growing in the same pond at the bottom of which sarcophagus 1 is placed. In this case, it is better to use previously thermally dried algae.

Alternatively, various unlimited embodiments of the filtering porous filler are possible, for example, making a porous filler from one porous filler multilayer with porosity of layers that increases in the direction from the body cavity to the outer space. In the latter case, an increase in porosity from layer to layer can be achieved by increasing the particle size from layer to layer.

The sarcophagus for underwater burials is used as follows. Before burial, the body of a dead person is placed in the coffin 3 body, which is fixed with flexible straps 13 in a horizontal position, after which the coffin 3 with the body is pushed along the longitudinal guides 12 into the cavity of the body 2.

Preliminarily, the cavity of the body 2 is closed with the auxiliary cover of the body 6, as a result of which the sarcophagus 1 acquires tightness and positive buoyancy. By lifting mechanism, the sarcophagus 1 is lowered to the surface of the reservoir and towed to the underwater burial site.

At the underwater burial site, the sarcophagus 1 is raised above the surface of the reservoir and the temporary cover of the housing 6 is replaced by the main cover of the housing 7, after which the sarcophagus 1 is lowered to the bottom of the reservoir.

As water enters the cavity of the housing 2 through the lid 7, the sarcophagus 1 is slowly lowered using a lifting mechanism to the bottom of the reservoir.

In the process of decomposition of the tissues of the body of a dead person, there is a small release of thermal energy and gaseous decomposition products, which leads to some increase in pressure inside the cavity of the body 2, as a result of which water contaminated with decomposition products gradually comes out through the mesh frame 1 1, layers 10 and 14 and through holes in the end part of the main cover of the casing 7.

Bacteria, microorganisms and filtering hydrobionts settle inside layers 10 and 14, which are fed by decomposition products coming out of the body cavity 2 and their derivatives as a detrital food chain, as a result of which the water from the body cavity 2 comes out neutralized. T

After complete decomposition of body tissues, mainly soft tissues, the sarcophagus 1 can be raised to the surface, after which the bone remains can be removed from the sarcophagus 1, for example, for the purpose of rebury on land, where they will already occupy a relatively small area, while the sarcophagus 1 can be used for subsequent underwater burial of another person’s body.

It should be understood that the above examples are used only to illustrate the possibility of carrying out the invention and some of its advantages, and these examples are not limited by the scope of legal protection presented in the claims, while a specialist in this field is relatively easy to implement other options inventions without departing from its essence.

Claims

Claim

1. Sarcophagus for underwater burials in a reservoir, including:

case made of hard, elongated and waterproof;

the body cavity, made in the body for placing the body of a dead person in it, the dimensions of which correspond to the size of the body of a dead person; and

an opening made in one of the housing elements and allowing the housing cavity to communicate with the external space,

characterized in that it further includes a filter installed in the opening and containing a filtering porous filler capable of passing water into the body cavity and releasing it back and being a substrate for bacteria, microorganisms and / or microscopic aquatic organisms capable of feeding on the decomposition products of human body tissues and / or their derivatives.

2. The sarcophagus according to claim 1, characterized in that the body is made in the form of an elongated glass and is provided with a body cover from the open end of the glass.

3. The sarcophagus according to claim 2, characterized in that the body has the shape of an elongated parallelepiped or an elongated cylinder.

4. The sarcophagus according to claim 2, characterized in that the housing cover is removable.

5. The sarcophagus according to claim 2, characterized in that the opening is made in the lid of the housing.

6. The sarcophagus according to claim 5, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional removable body cover made deaf.

7. The sarcophagus according to claim 5, characterized in that the opening is bounded on both sides by perforated fences, and the filtering porous filler is tightly laid between the perforated fences.

8. The sarcophagus according to claim 7, characterized in that the role of the fencing of the opening from the side of the reservoir is performed by the outer end of the housing cover, in which through holes are made.

9. The sarcophagus according to claim 8, characterized in that a mesh is used as a barrier to the opening from the side of the body cavity.

10. The sarcophagus according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing is made of reinforced concrete.

1 1. The sarcophagus according to claim 10, characterized in that mounting elements are mounted on the outer surface of the hull to allow capture by load gripping devices.

12. The sarcophagus according to claim 1, characterized in that it further includes a bed, made with the possibility of placing on itself the body of a dead person and be inserted into the cavity of the body.

13. The sarcophagus according to item 12, characterized in that the bed is equipped with fastening elements for fixing on the bed of the body of a dead person.

14. The sarcophagus according to claim 12, characterized in that the bed is made in the form of a coffin body and is provided with a coffin lid, while the coffin body and / or the coffin lid are perforated.

15. The sarcophagus according to claim 12, characterized in that longitudinal guides are made on two opposite walls of the body cavity, and the bed is equipped on both sides with slides made with the ability to move along the longitudinal guides.

16. The sarcophagus according to claim 1, characterized in that connecting elements are mounted on the outer surface of the hull, allowing the body of another sarcophagus to be attached to the body.

17. A filter for filtering water leaving the cavity of the body of the sarcophagus for underwater burials in the water column of the reservoir, containing perforated barriers and a filtering porous filler placed between perforated barriers, in which the filtering porous filler is a substrate for bacteria, microorganisms and / or microscopic hydrobionts capable of feeding on the decomposition products of human body tissues and / or their derivatives.

18. The filter according to claim 17, wherein the filtering porous filler is made of plant particles.

19. The filter according to claim 18, wherein the filtering porous filler is made of wood chips and / or algae.

20. The filter according to claim 17, wherein the filtering porous filler is multilayer.

21. The filter according to claim 17, characterized in that the porosity of the filtering porous filler increases in the direction from the cavity of the housing to the outer space.