WO2013053340A2

WO2013053340A2 - Modular system for precise construction

Info

Publication number: WO2013053340A2
Application number: PCT/CZ2012/000101
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hynek Siedek
Original assignee: Hynek Siedek
Priority date: 2011-10-12
Filing date: 2012-10-10
Publication date: 2013-04-18
Also published as: EP2766536B1; WO2013053340A3; EP2766536A2; CZ303550B6; PL2766536T3; CZ2011646A3; WO2013053340A4

Abstract

Modular system for precise construction is designed for fast and precise building of both residential and industrial objects. It comprises a set consisting of blocks with a cuboid shape and identical height (b), specifically of the first basic block (3) with square-shaped base with the width (a), of the second basic block (5) with rectangular-shaped base with the length (a) and width (c) shorter than the length (a), of derived blocks (4,6), and of external connecting bars (2) and internal connecting bars (22). Each basic block (3,5) is along its full height (b) equipped in its side faces with minimum three external grooves (1), always one in one pair of the opposite block side faces, and one in one and/or the other side face of the second pair of the opposite block side faces. Length of derived blocks (4,6) is determined minimum as the double the width (a). Derived blocks (4,6) are in the centre of their base and along their full height (b) equipped with one internal groove (11) and in the side faces with minimum two and minimum six external grooves (1), where in each shorter side face is maximum one external groove (1) and in the longer side faces are maximum two external grooves (1). External connecting bars (2) and internal connecting bars (22) are intended for a self- locking connection with the external grooves (1) and the internal grooves (11).

Description

Modular system for precise construction

Background of the Invention

Presented solution deals with a system for precise and fast wall construction without the need to use ready-mix mortars or polyurethane foams to glue coursing joints of construction elements.

Description of Prior Art Current state-of-art practice distinguishes several methods of buildings construction using the dry masonry principle, or respectively the principle of gluing the construction elements only in a single plane taking advantage of rectangular grooves located in the opposite side faces of construction elements. These grooves serve as guides for precise connection of two neighbouring blocks in the wall body and they are designed to break the direct side face joint line at neighbouring blocks. One of the buildings construction methods is represented by a group of construction blocks featuring a sandwich-type arrangement of multiple materials firmly bound in a single unit. As an example of such design one can mention the complete building system for shell constructions by the company Betonove stavby - Group s.r.o., which consists of thermally insulating blocks of internal supporting and non-supporting walls, form parts and ceiling structures. Sidewall panels are formed by liapor concrete sandwich blocks designed for single-layer enclosing and backing masonry. The tongue-and-groove system is implemented only in the side faces and is not self-locking in the wall body, therefore it ensures that the blocks are bound in single axis only. This system does not eliminate the need to use mortar for coursing joints during walling as such.

Another example of sandwich construction elements is the self-supporting sandwich panel made by gluing the OSB boards with insulation core made of expanded polystyrene. This system allows for rather rapid construction works. But for fixing in the wall framework are used masts and truss bearing beams made of solid wood. It has no integrated self-locking system of individual panels' interconnection and it does not solve preparation for installation of infrastructure networks.

Another method of buildings construction is represented by a group of thin- slab construction elements formed by a single material. Example of such design is the concrete thin-slab shell blocks with rectangular locks on side walls. These locks do not solve self-locking properties. Blocks are conventionally laid on concrete mortar, with which the locks on side walls must also be filled. These blocks are mostly intended for supporting walls only, therefore they do not solve the shell construction as a whole. The blocks are usually connected with the separate sandwich insulation system, which is attached as part of the wall from the outside or inside the supporting wall. The blocks as such do not solve the preparation for installation of the infrastructure networks and these - where possible - are implemented in another sandwich layer.

Another method of buildings construction is represented by the permanent formwork systems. Example of this design are the construction shaped blocks made of expanded polystyrene, which by means of a special locking system are engaged into one another thus creating the enclosing walls and separating walls without the need to use any jointing materials. Permanent formwork built by this design is filled with concrete mixture and creates a compact wall. Shaped blocks are not self-supporting and do not solve the infrastructure networks. Supporting element itself has no relation to the shaped blocks whatsoever. A separate group is represented by the dry masonry systems equipped with special locks shaped as coaxial cylinders. Example of such system is the system of dry walling blocks where the basic construction elements are blocks made of lightweight concrete, which allow to build objects with arbitrary layout. They serve primarily as supporting masonry for residential buildings and filling masonry for large-sized halls, for construction of fences and walls. Use of dry-masonry shaped blocks allows to expedite the construction and makes it simple. Basic elements of the system are the basic full-sized block and half-sized block. The blocks are laid to the wall without any binder or joint filler both in horizontal and vertical joints. Fixing of individual blocks in the wall and reinforcement of the wall as a whole is ensured by locks acting in all horizontal joint areas of separate blocks layers. At the edge of circular holes in the block body the locks form extensions having the shape of coaxial cylinder on the bottom face of the block. These extensions fit in runners with corresponding shape and size on the upper face of the block at the edge of circular holes made in the block body. Blocks with this design cannot be laid arbitrarily on the lower layer of blocks, they can be laid always with given rotation only. These blocks solve neither interconnection of separating walls, nor installation of infrastructure. If the extension on one block breaks, the consistency of the whole wall is compromised. Another type of dry-masonry block - KB Blok - has pressed-in groove in the longitudinal axis of the block on its upper face. A tongue in the longitudinal axis of the block on its bottom face fits in this groove. This design of blocks does not allow for universal orientation of blocks in the upper layer in the wall against blocks laid in the lower layer. These blocks solve neither interconnection of separating walls, nor installation of infrastructure. If the extension on one block breaks, the consistency of the whole wall is compromised.

Solution described in patent CN 201040891 is known. This system is formed by three basic types of blocks. Two types are equipped with vertical self- locking grooves only on the shorter opposite side faces of the block. One basic type of block is twice as long as the second basic type and features an internal groove located in the centre of the upper surface of the block. Depth of this groove reaches to one half of the block height and a lock is inserted into this groove, which exceeds by half of its height above the basic block. Walls alignment on their edges is provided by the second basic block type with identical width and half length compared to the first basic block with vertical self-locking grooves along the full height of the block located on two opposite side faces of the block. Within the row, this block is not anchored by the vertical lock. Since the basic blocks for building the walls are fixed only in the middle by vertical self-locking grooves located on the shorter opposite side faces of the blocks, it is not possible to ensure that the wall will be perfectly in plane. To connect the blocks in the row horizontally and to ensure planeness of the wall, there are two grooves made in the upper face along the full length of the block, into which armouring is laid in parallel reaching over multiple blocks. Within the structure, the vertical locks are used only in some parts of the blocks, which may result in compromised consistency of the wall. This design allows to build walls only with the width given by the width of the block. For T-shaped connected wall or for corners is used special third basic block with three vertical self-locking grooves. One is made on the shorter side face and two are located opposite each other on the longer side faces to allow connection of the basic block. Another solution dealing with the given field is the document FR 2690181.

The system is formed by four basic types of blocks with vertical self-locking grooves along the full height of the block located on the shorter side faces. The system uses one type of lock. Blocks in the row are connected by the lock horizontally. The lock has the same height as the block. Since the basic blocks for building the walls are equipped with vertical self-locking grooves only on the shorter opposite side faces of the blocks, it is not possible to ensure during the construction that the wall will be perfectly in plane. For vertical connection of the blocks in the upper and lower rows the system uses keys on the upper face of blocks and corresponding recesses on the bottom face of blocks. These keys and recesses also serve to ensure the planeness of the wall being built. In the longitudinal axis, the upper face of the block has a groove along the whole length of the block. The groove is also made in the longitudinal axis of the upper area of the key. This groove receives a reinforcing rod, which protects the inserted key against vertical movements and mainly it serves for T-connection of walls or to connect special corner blocks to the wall. Such connection of walls in corners or T- connections is not sufficient. Therefore the wall consistency is solved by filling the reinforced concrete to internal vertical channels created within the blocks.

Another solution described in patent US 4597236 is known. Here, the system is formed by three basic types of blocks and two derived blocks with vertical self-locking grooves along the whole height of the block located on the shorter side faces. The system uses two types of internal locks. Both types of locks are self-locking from both side faces and serve only for internal use within the wall being built. Blocks in a row are horizontally connected by one type of lock. The locks have the same height as the blocks. Two basic blocks are further equipped with vertical self-locking groove along the full height of the block located in the longer side in the middle, or in its quarter respectively. These grooves serve to hold sideways two separate walls built with a gap between them. Both walls are held down by the second type of lock. Therefore the system is similar to permanent framework system with defined distance for the filling from the reinforced concrete. Grooves on the wall sides alone cannot have any significance for the wall consistency, also they cannot ensure that the connected walls will be perfectly in plane. Connection of the wall to the corner is provided by the derived block with square-shaped layout having two vertical self-locking grooves on two neighbouring side faces of the block. Therefore the wall corner cannot be bound by the blocks of the system.

System described in patent US 2392551 is formed by the basic type of block and by standalone key. The block is equipped with vertical self-locking grooves on shorter opposite side faces of the block and has an internal groove located in the centre of the upper surface of the block. Depth of this internal groove reaches to one quarter of the block height. On one longer side of the block are symmetrically located two horizontal self-locking grooves. These serve for fixing the facing panel, which has the same dimensions as the side of the block and visually improves the blocks finish on the outer side of the wall. The system uses one type of the lock, its height is the sum of the block height and the depth of the internal groove. Since the basic blocks for building the wall are equipped with the vertical self-locking grooves only on the shorter opposite side faces and partially in the middle of the upper face of the block, it cannot be ensured during the construction that the wall will be perfectly in plane. The system solves neither creating a corner, nor interconnection of side wall. These blocks allow to build walls only with one width. The blocks can be placed within the wall only in predefined position, they do not allow universal layout in space.

The patent US 3292331 describes a system formed by the basic type of block. The block is equipped with vertical self-locking T-shaped grooves on the shorter opposite side faces of the block and it has an internal cylindrical groove located in the centre of the upper surface of the block along the full height of the block. The system uses two types of locks. The first type is a self-locking lock for horizontal connection of blocks laid side-by-side. The second type is a cylindrical threaded lock, which vertically connects the blocks laid in rows one above another. The system does not allow binding of the blocks and does not ensure the planeness of the wall. These blocks allow to build walls only with one given width.

The patent US 6189282 describes the system formed by three basic types of blocks. One type of blocks is equipped with two vertical narrow self-locking grooves along the full height of the block located on the shorter opposite side faces. In addition to this, the second type of blocks is further equipped with a pair of internal grooves located in the centre of the upper surface of the block along the full height of the block. This type of blocks allows to bind the blocks in rows one above the other. The first type of blocks does not allow to bind the blocks in rows one above the other and can also serve to end the wall. The system uses single type of lock. For connection of the wall to the corner or for T-shaped connection serves the third basic block with rectangular-shaped layout with two pairs of vertical self-locking grooves on two opposite shorter side faces of the block, one pair of internal grooves placed in the centre of the upper surface of the block and with another pair of vertical grooves located on one of the longer side faces along the full height of the block and offset to one half of this longer side. The blocks in the row are horizontally and vertically bound always by means of a pair of narrow locks inserted in each side, or centre of the block respectively, via the coursing joint up to the half height of the upper blocks. Such connection provides for certain planeness of walls but it does ensure sufficient strength of the blocks binding in all directions. Therefore this system is preferably designed to use reinforced concrete to armour the wall structure filled in the massive two centreed holes along the full height of the block.

All systems mentioned above allow to place the blocks within walls only in a predefined position. These blocks allow to build walls only with one given width. The blocks do not allow universal application in space. They cannot be used when rotated by ±90 degrees around the vertical axis and in most cases also when rotated by 180 degrees around the horizontal axes.

Summary of the Invention Disadvantages mentioned above are removed by the modular system for precise construction according to the presented invention. This system contains two basic blocks and two derived blocks with a cuboid shape of the same height. The first basic block has in one pair of the opposite side faces always one external groove and the second basic block has in its shorter side faces always also one external groove. These external grooves are made along the full height of given block and they are created symmetrically around the symmetry plane protruding through the vertical axis of the given and the opposite side face. For all blocks applies that at the same cross-section at least one internal width of each external groove in the plane parallel with the side surface, in which it is created, is greater than its width in the plane of such side surface. Derived blocks have at their centre an internal groove for tight insertion of internal connecting bars to create a self- locking connection, this groove is created symmetrically around the symmetry plane protruding through vertical axes of the shorter side faces and corresponds by its shape and size to the connection of the external grooves of those two blocks, which are intended to be laid side-by-side in a row. The principle of the invention is that the first basic block has a square-shaped base with the width of its side (a) and it is equipped on one and/or the other side of the second pair of the opposite side faces with one external groove created along its full height, symmetrically around the symmetry plane protruding through the vertical axis of the given and the opposite side face. The first derived block derived from the first basic block has a rectangular-shaped base with the width of its side (a) and length (2a). Internal groove in the centre of the base of the first derived block is created along the full height (b). The first derived block is equipped along its full height with minimum two and maximum six external grooves. In each its shorter side, symmetrically around the symmetry plane protruding through the vertical axis of the given and opposite shorter side face is created maximum one external groove and in the longer side faces are maximum two external grooves created symmetrically around the symmetry planes parallel with the shorter side faces. External grooves are located in the distance (a/2) from the shorter sides and the symmetry planes are distanced from each other at the width (a). The second basic block has a rectangular-shaped base with the length of its side (a) and width (c) shorter than (a) and it is equipped on one and/or the other longer side with one external groove. This external groove is created along the full height of the second basic block symmetrically around the symmetry plane protruding through the vertical axis of the given and opposite longer side. The second derived block derived from the second basic block has a rectangular-shaped base with the length of its side (2a) and width (c) shorter than (a). Internal groove in the centre of its base is created along its full height. This second derived block is equipped along its full height with minimum two and maximum six external grooves. In shorter sides, symmetrically around the symmetry plane protruding through the vertical axis of the given and opposite shorter side is created maximum one external groove and in the longer sides are maximum two external grooves created symmetrically around the symmetry planes parallel with the shorter sides. External grooves in the longer side faces are located in the distance (a/2) from the shorter side faces, while the symmetry planes are distanced from each other at the width (a). The system also includes external connecting bars intended to be tightly inserted into the external grooves (1 ) to create a self-locking connection. In a preferred embodiment, the external and internal connecting bars, which are to be used in two lowest rows and two uppermost rows of the wall, have the height (x+1/2)b where x is an integer positive number including zero. External and internal connecting bars to be used in other rows have the height yb where y is integer positive number.

Within one block, all the external grooves do not need to have the same shape and dimensions. It is thus possible that at least one external groove has different dimensions and/or different shape than the remaining external grooves. Sufficient condition for correct usage of such blocks is that both the external and internal grooves following up one another vertically in the wall have identical shape and identical dimensions. Internal connecting bar intended to bind two external grooves attached to each other and made with different dimensions and cross-sections is at any of its cross- section symmetrical around one axis only.

The basis of the new solution is the principle of a self-locking connection of construction elements, blocks, in the wall by means of the system of grooves and connecting bars inserted into them in such a way that the ends of the connecting bars are placed elsewhere than on the bottom or upper edge of blocks respectively. Within the wall, the blocks are firmly fixed in space in all three axes. This forms superior mutual connection of blocks in space via multiple connecting surfaces and also it ensures dimensional and angular precision of built walls. Superior connection of blocks within the wall is ensured by suitable shapes of the grooves and their suitable location on the blocks used. For the system of connecting the blocks by grooves and connecting bars is not substantial, of what material the grooved blocks and connecting bars are specifically made.

Both basic and derived blocks are characterized by their layout dimensions and precisely defined locations and number of vertical self-locking external grooves on the block side faces and the internal grooves in the centre of the block and by exploiting of two types of vertical connecting bars, mostly with the height determined by the double height of the blocks, to form both the horizontal binding of the blocks laid side-by-side in the row as well as the vertical connection of the blocks in rows above each other. Advantage of the solution is the spatial versatility of the blocks, which during construction can be used with rotation by ±90 degrees around their vertical axis or also with rotation by 180 degrees around their horizontal axes. These characteristics allow to build a wall where in one layer the blocks are laid beside each other by their longer sides and in the next layer they are laid beside each other by their shorter sides in two rows side-by-side and also one row may be offset by half of the block against the other row, etc. This allows to bind the blocks within the full height of the walls. For constructing the wall corners the described system does not require any special blocks and the corners are always reinforced by bindings with the upper row. The same applies to the option to create a T-connection at any place, both of supporting or separating walls.

Another advantage is that the basic and derived blocks allow to build walls with widths determined by the multiple of the basic block width. Therefore it is possible to build the lower part of a building with wall thickness for example 3x the block width, mid-floors can follow with wall thickness 2x the block width and walls in the upper floors can be thick only at the single block width. Thus, the structures are not overloaded, material is saved and the system is therefore more environmentally friendly. External vertical grooves may be used for finishing both the outer and inner sides of the wall by means of front panels mounted directly to these grooves.

Overview of Figures in Drawings The modular system according to the presented solution will be further explained by the attached drawings. Fig. 1 shows the top view on the first basic block, fig. 2 shows the side view on the first basic block. Fig. 3 shows the top view on the second basic block. Fig. 4 shows the cross-section of the external groove with alternative solutions for the sides with selected dimensions ensuring self-locking connection with the external connecting bar and fig. 5 shows the cross-section of the external groove together with the cross-section of the external connecting bar with the alternative solutions for the sides with selected dimensions ensuring self- locking connection. Fig. 6 shows the top view on the first derived block and fig. 7 shows the side view on its longer side. Fig. 8 shows the top view on the second derived block and the fig. 9 shows the side view on its longer side. Fig. 10 shows cross-section of the external groove with the shape of isosceles trapezoid with selected dimensions ensuring the self-locking connection with the external connecting bar. Fig. 1 1 shows the view on location of the external groove with the cross-section with the shape of isosceles trapezoid in the block side with marked vertical axis. Fig. 12 shows the cross-section of the internal groove created by putting two blocks side-by-side with their sides with external grooves with the cross-section with the shape of isosceles trapezoid, which in such setup form an internal groove. Fig. 13 shows the cross-section of the external groove with the shape of isosceles trapezoid together with the cross-section of the external connecting bar with the shape of isosceles trapezoid with selected dimensions ensuring the self-locking properties of this connection. Fig. 14 shows the cross- section of the internal groove created by putting two blocks side-by-side by their sides with external grooves with the cross-section with the shape of isosceles trapezoid, which in such setup form an internal groove together with the cross- section of corresponding shape and dimensions of the internal connecting bar, which ensures a self-locking connection. Fig. 15 shows other possible example of the cross-section of the internal groove formed by putting two blocks side-by-side by their sides with different external grooves with the cross-section with the shape of isosceles trapezoid, which in such setup form an internal groove together with the cross-section of corresponding shape and dimensions of the internal connecting bar, which ensures a self-locking connection. Fig. 16 shows a perspective view on the part of the wall with the width equal to the width of the first basic block formed by four first derived blocks connected mutually by connecting bars inserted to the external grooves and by internal connecting bars inserted to the internal grooves in such a way that the connecting bars exceed from each row of blocks to the upper or lower rows of blocks.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

Presented modular system for precise construction consists of the set of blocks, fig. 1 ,2,3,6,7,8,9, equipped with external grooves 1, fig. 4,5, 10, 1 1 , 13, and internal grooves J , fig- 12,14, 15, and of the set of external connecting bars 2, fig. 5, 13, and internal connecting bars 22, fig. 14,15. The external connecting bars 2 and the internal connecting bars 22 serve for mutual self-locking connection of the blocks. The system of the external groove 1 and the external connecting bar 2, or the internal groove H and the internal connecting bar 22 respectively, forms a self-locking construction element. The set of blocks is predominantly formed by two types of the basic block, i.e. the first basic block 3, fig. 1 ,2, and the second basic block 5, fig. 2,3, and further by the first derived block 4, fig. 6,7, and the second derived block 6, fig. 8,9. Both the basic blocks 3,5 and the derived blocks 4,6 have the same height b. The first basic block 3 has a square-shaped base with width a. The second basic block 5 has a rectangular-shaped base with width c shorter than a and length a identical with the base width a of the first basic block 3. The first derived block 4 has the same width a as the first basic block 3 and the second derived block 6 has the same width c as the second basic block 5. The second dimension, it means the length of the first derived block 4 and also the second derived block 6, is 2a. In general, also other types of derived blocks may be derived, which have always the same width a, or c respectively, and their length is given by integer multiple of the width a of the first basic block 3 greater than 2, i.e. 3a, 4a, 5a, etc. The blocks 3,4,5,6 may be made of various materials, for example concrete, lightweight concrete, porous concrete, steel-fibre-reinforced concrete, brick-clay, plastic, composite material, wood, hardened rubber, etc., while the only condition for selection of the material is its suitable strength and compatibility with the material used for making the external connecting bars 2 and the internal connecting bars 22. For the function of the system are essential the locations and numbers of the external grooves 1, internal grooves 1_1 and the outer dimensions of blocks 3,4,5,6. From the functional point of view is absolutely irrelevant whether and to which extent are the blocks 3,4,5,6 inside their body lightweighted, e.g. by several big holes or a system of slots, or on the contrary reinforced by armouring.

The first basic block 3, fig. 1 ,2, has a shape of regular four-sided block with height b and the square-shaped base with the width of its side a and is intended for use both in supporting as well as separating walls. This first basic block 3 contains maximum four external grooves 1 placed in such a way that each groove is located in one side of the regular four-sided block along its full height b. Vertical axis of the front side of the external groove 1, which is located in the side of the of the regular four-sided block, is identical with the vertical axis of the block side, in which the external groove 1 is placed. Each first basic block 3 contains minimum three external grooves 1, in one pair of the opposite block sides always one groove, and one in one and/or the other block side of the second pair of the opposite block sides.

The first derived block 4 is derived from the first basic block 3, fig. 6,7, and has a cuboid shape with the height b and rectangular-shaped base with the width a and length 2a and is intended also for use in both supporting and separating walls. This first derived block 4 contains maximum seven connecting holes, i.e. six external grooves 1 and one internal groove Shape of the first derived block 4 is formed by two first basic blocks 3 placed side-by-side but manufactured as a single unit. This determines also the locations of external grooves 1 and location of the internal groove V\_ in the body of the first derived block 4. In the centre of its base it has one internal groove created along the full height b and symmetrically around the symmetry plane protruding through the vertical axes of the shorter block sides. In the longer block sides are placed maximum two external grooves 1 in such a way that the vertical axis of the front side of the external groove 1, which is placed in the longer block side, is identical with the vertical line on the surface of this longer block side, which is parallel with the vertical side of the block and which is located from the vertical edge of this block side in the distance a/2, along the full height b of the block. In each shorter block side is located maximum one external groove 1 in such a way that the vertical axis of the front side of the external groove 1 is identical with the vertical axis of the shorter block side, in which the external groove 1 is located, and along the full height b of the block. Each derived block 4 contains minimum two external grooves 1 and one internal groove 1_1 . The second basic block 5, fig. 2,3, has a cuboid shape with the height b and rectangular-shaped base with length of the side a and width c shorter than the length a and it is intended for use in both separating and supporting walls. The second basic block 5 contains maximum four external grooves 1 located in such a way that each of them is placed on one side of the block. Vertical axis of the front side of the external groove 1, which is located on the block side, is identical with the vertical axis of the block side, in which the external groove 1 is created, along the full height b of the block. Each second basic block 5 contains minimum three external grooves 1, in one pair of the opposite block sides always one, and one in one and/or the other block side of the second pair of the opposite block sides.

The second derived block 6, fig. 8,9, is derived from the second basic block 5 and has a cuboid shape with the height b and the rectangular-shaped base with the side length 2a and the side width c shorter than the length a and it is intended for use in both separating and supporting walls. The second derived block 6 contains maximum seven connecting holes, i.e. six external grooves 1 and one internal groove Shape of the second derived block 6 is formed by two second basic blocks 5 placed lengthwise side-by-side but manufactured as a single unit. This determines also the locations of external grooves 1 and location of the internal groove JM . 'ⁿ t^ne centre of its base it has one internal groove J created along the full height b and symmetrically around the symmetry plane protruding through the vertical axes of the shorter block sides. In both longer sides of the block are located maximum two external grooves 1 in such a way that the vertical axis of the front side of the external groove 1, which is located on the longer side of the block, is identical with the vertical line on the surface of this longer side of the block, which is parallel with the vertical edge of the side of the block and which is located from the vertical edge of this block side in the distance a/2, along the full height b of the block. In each shorter side of the block is located maximum one external groove in such a way that the vertical axis of the front side of the external groove 1 is identical with the vertical axis of the shorter side of the block, in which the external groove 1 is located, in the full height b of the block. Each second derived block 6 contains minimum two external grooves 1 and one internal groove .

Other derived blocks are derived either from the first basic block 3 or from the second basic block 5 and have a cuboid shape with rectangular-shaped base. Shapes of other derived blocks are formed by three or more lengthwise laid first basic blocks 3, or second basic blocks 5 respectively, placed side-by-side but manufactured as a single unit. This determines also the locations of external grooves 1 and internal grooves H within each other derived block.

For each external groove 1, fig. 4,5, applies that it is characterized by the fact that in any of its cross-sections perpendicular to the block side of any block 3,4,5,6, in which the external groove is placed, and simultaneously perpendicular to the vertical symmetry plane protruding through such block side, the width d of this cross-section placed in the block 3,4,5,6 is shorter than width e of at least one internal connecting line between the sides of this cross-section of the external groove 1, which is parallel with the width d of this cross-section. Fig. 4 indicates basic possible shapes of the cross-section of the external groove 1 where the block sides of this cross-section form sinusoids, cosinusoids, concave or convex curves or the sides of this cross-section form line segments, which make obtuse angle towards the block 3,4,5,6 with the width d protruding in the plane of the surface of the side of the block 3,4,5,6. The cross-section can also be T-shaped or it can have the shape of regular isosceles trapezoid. Cross-section of each external groove 1 is axially symmetrical around the axis o dividing the width d in halves.

For each internal groove JM applies that it is characterized by the fact that its shape and cross-section is derived from the shape and cross-section of two external grooves Internal groove V\_ is formed by putting two external grooves 1 side-by-side in such a way that the cross-sections of the external grooves 1 beside each other have common widths d, while the size of widths d do not need to be equal. Cross-section of the internal groove H is symmetrical around the axis o dividing the width dd in halves, which is formed by the common widths d, fig. 14, 15.

Fig. 10, 1 1 and 13 show some possible shapes of the external groove 1. The external groove 1 in fig. 10 has a cross-section in the shape of regular isosceles trapezoid. Fig. 13 shows the external groove 1 with a cross-section in the shape of regular isosceles trapezoid with inserted external connecting bar 2 with a cross-section also with the shape of regular isosceles trapezoid. One of the possible shapes of the cross-sections of the internal groove 1_1 in fig. 12 can be obtained by rotating the cross-section of the external groove 1 around the axis protruding through the shorter parallel side of the regular isosceles trapezoid by 180 degrees. Fig. 14 shows specific shape of the internal groove H with inserted internal connecting bar 22. Cross-section of the internal connecting bar 22 is smaller than the cross-section of the internal groove V\_ and a self-locking condition applies here, which says that at a given cross-section on each side from the axis protruding through the width dd exists at least one width ff parallel with the width dd, which is greater than the width dd.

The system contains the external connecting bars 2 and internal connecting bars 22. For each external connecting bar 2, fig. 5, 13, applies that it is characterized by the fact that at any identical cross-section perpendicular to the vertical symmetry plane at least one internal width f of such cross-section of the external connecting bar 2 given by the connecting line of the block sides is longer than the width d of this cross-section of the external groove 1 in the side of the block 3,4,5,6 and at the same cross-section simultaneously for these widths f applies that they are parallel with the width d of the cross-section of the external groove Fig. 5 indicates basic possible shapes of the cross-section of the external groove 1 and respective basic possible shapes of cross-section of the external connecting bar 2 inserted in the external groove 1. Cross-section of the external connecting bar 2 must always be smaller than the cross-section of the external groove For each internal connecting bar 22 applies that its shape and cross-section is derived from the shape and cross-section of two external connecting bars 2 put side-by-side in such a way that cross-sections of both external connecting bars 2 made as one unit have common widths g, while the widths g do not need to be equal. Cross-section of the internal connecting bar 22 is symmetrical around the axis o dividing the width gg. formed by common widths g in halves, fig. 14, 15.

The height of external connecting bars 2 and internal connecting bars 22 is such that in no case the two neighbouring external connecting bars 2 or the two internal connecting bars 22 meet in the integer multiple of the block 3,4,5,6 height b, it means that the connecting bars do not end and start in the gap between two blocks 3,4,5,6 laid one on top of the other.

External connecting bars 2 and internal connecting bars 22 may be made of various materials, such that concrete, lightweight concrete, porous concrete, steel- fibre-reinforced concrete, iron, plastic, composite material, wood, hardened rubber, etc., while the only condition for selection of the material is its suitable strength and compatibility with the material used for making the blocks 3,4,5,6.

For the external connecting bars 2 and internal connecting bars 22 to function properly is substantial the outer shape of their cross-section and its dimensions. From the functional point of view is absolutely irrelevant whether and to which extent are these bars lightweighted, e.g. by one hole or a system of slots, or on the contrary reinforced by armouring.

Basic principle of the system of the external groove 1 in connection with inserted external connecting bar 2, or the internal groove H in connection with inserted internal connecting bar 22 respectively, is their self-locking connection.

When blocks 3,4,5,6 are laid side-by-side in the place where two external grooves 1 are present, an internal groove M with relevant shape is created. Connection of blocks 3,4,5,6 laid side-by-side or one on top of the other is created by insertion of external connecting bars 2 into the external grooves 1 and by insertion of internal connecting bars 22 into the internal grooves H, fig. 16. Blocks 3,4,5,6 are positioned mutually in such a way that the external grooves 1 and the internal grooves H of neighbouring blocks follow each other dimensionally in vertical symmetry planes dividing the widths d, or widths dd respectively, of the grooves cross-sections into halves. This results in a firm spatial binding during construction. In addition, this automatically ensures perpendicularity and planeness of walls against the base and also the right angles formed by cornered walls are maintained.

External connecting bars 2 and internal connecting bars 22 used as the first ones in the two lowest rows and the two uppermost rows of the wall may have the height (x+1/2)b where x=0, 1 ,2, 3, ... , and the external connecting bars 2 and internal connecting bars 22 used in other rows of the wall may have the height yb where y= 1 ,2,3,4, ... , it means that the connecting bars, which are inserted into specific block in the row of blocks, extend to the lower and/or the upper rows of blocks. Such principle of construction ensures that the wall is firmly anchored in all three axes in the space. When building a wall the derived blocks 4,6 are gradually bound, it means that each horizontal row of blocks 4,6 is offset against the preceding one by a step joint with the width a. When building a wall with the width a the rows of the first derived blocks 4, or the second derived blocks 6 respectively, are offset in the wall against the preceding and subsequent rows by the distance corresponding to the width a. When building a wall with the width 2a the bottom row of the first derived blocks 4 is laid by their longer side in direction of building process and the upper row of the first derived blocks 4 is laid by their shorter side in direction of building process. Thus the first derived blocks 4 are mutually bound in the wall body.

Within a block 3,4,5,6 all external grooves 1 do not have to have identical cross-sections in shape and dimensions. Sufficient condition for correct use is that the follow-up external grooves 1 as well as the internal grooves H within the wall have identical shape and dimensions of cross-sections.

Space formed between the sides of the external groove 1 and sides of the external connecting bar 2, or the sides of the internal groove 1_1 and sides of the internal connecting bar 22 respectively, can be preferably filled either in full or only partially with sealing material, such as polyurethane foam, cement mixture, chemical anchor, etc., or with any kind of glue.

When the blocks 3,4,5,6 are manufactured by casting the material to moulds or by vibrating and pressing the material into dies, it is preferable to use the external grooves 1 and internal grooves JM slanted regularly in full height b with standard bevel. Conically-shaped external grooves 1 and internal grooves H will allow for easier and non-destructive release and demoulding of blocks 3,4,5,6 from the form. Some external grooves 1 on the wall face may be used with advantage for connecting and anchoring of other perpendicular elements, such as another wall attached to the existing wall, by means of internal connecting bars 22. Similarly, the internal connecting bars 22 can be used in some external grooves 1 to fix the window frames and door frames in the construction openings, or they can be exploited for distribution of utility lines - water mains piping, heating system piping, electrical power supply cabling and also data networks cabling. In such cases no external connecting bar 2 is inserted into the external groove 1 Industrial Applicability

Modular system for precise construction may be used anywhere during building process both for residential as well as industrial objects instead of current walling and construction systems. In contrary to existing principles of building the presented system provides the option to build supporting walls and separating walls, including integration of the window and door frames immediately when a storey is being built, it also allows from the major part to integrate the utility lines networks including cabling without the need to mechanically break already built walls. From the outer side, it allows easy installation of insulation systems and surface finish decors. Owing to described characteristics the modular system for precise construction in contrary to existing building systems allows to achieve a significant savings of both the time and costs. During realization of the building the system for precise construction minimizes demands for using the jointing materials. When the connecting bars are made of suitable material and if the blocks are made with sufficient accuracy, it is possible to consider purely dry walling. Otherwise, it is suitable to seal the gaps with material either fully or partially filling the space between the sides of grooves and sides of the connecting bars. With the new technology of mutual binding the construction elements together during construction by means of several types of grooves and connecting bars it is possible to achieve higher strength and consistency of built objects.

Claims

P A T E N T C L A I M S

1. Modular system for precise construction where this system contains two basic blocks (3,5) and two derived blocks (4,6) with a cuboid shape and identical height (b) where the first basic block (3) has in one pair of the opposite side faces always one external groove (1) and the second basic block (5) also has in its shorter side faces one external groove (1 ) where these external grooves (1 ) are made in the full height (b) of the given block (3,4,5,6) and they are created symmetrically around the symmetry plane protruding through the vertical axis of the given and opposite side face while for all blocks (3,4,5,6) applies that on the same cross-section at least one internal width (e) of each external groove (1 ) in plane parallel with the surface of the side, in which it is formed, is greater than its width (d) in the plane of the surface of this side face and where the derived blocks have in their centre an internal groove (1 1 ) for tight insertion of internal connecting bars (22) for the purpose of creating a self-locking connection created symmetrically around the symmetry plane protruding through vertical axes of the shorter side faces and corresponding by its shape and dimensions to the connection of two external grooves (1) of those two blocks, which are intended to be laid and bound side-by-side in a row characterized by the fact that the first basic block (3) has a square-shaped base with the width of its side (a) and is equipped on one and/or the other side face of the second pair of opposite side faces with one external groove (1 ) created in the full height (b) of the given block symmetrically around the symmetry plane protruding through the vertical axis of the given and opposite side face, the first derived block (4) is derived from the first basic block (3) and has a rectangular-shaped base with the width of its side (a) and length (2a) and the internal groove (1 1 ) in the centre of its base is created along the full height (b) and this first derived block (4) is equipped along the full height (b) with minimum two and maximum six external grooves (1 ) where in each shorter side face is symmetrically around the symmetry plane protruding through the vertical axis of the given and opposite shorter side face is created maximum one external groove (1) and in the longer side faces are maximum two external grooves (1) created symmetrically around the symmetry planes parallel with the shorter side faces and located in the distance (a/2) from the shorter side faces, while these symmetry planes are distanced from each other at the width (a), the second basic block (5) has a rectangular-shaped base with the length of its side (a) and width (c) shorter than (a) and is equipped on one and/or the other longer side face with one external groove (1 ) created along the full height (b) symmetrically around the symmetry plane protruding through the vertical axis of the given and opposite longer side face, and the second derived block (6) derived from the second basic block (5) has a rectangular-shaped base with the length of its side (2a) and width (c) shorter than (a) and the internal groove (1 1 ) in the centre of its base is created along the full height (b) and this second derived block (6) is equipped along the full height (b) with minimum two and maximum six external grooves (1) where in the shorter side faces and symmetrically around the symmetry plane protruding through the vertical axis of the given and opposite shorter side face is created maximum one external groove (1 ) and in the longer side faces are maximum two external grooves (1 ) created symmetrically around the symmetry planes parallel with the shorter side faces and located in the distance (a/2) from the shorter side faces, while these symmetry planes are distanced from each other at the width (a), and further the system contains external connecting bars (2).

2. Modular system according to claim 1 characterized by the fact that the external connecting bars (2) and the internal connecting bars (22) to be used in the two lowest rows and two highest rows of the wall have the height (x+1/2)b where x is an integer positive number including zero, and the external connecting bars (2) and the internal connecting bars (22) to be used in other rows have the height yb where y is an integer positive number.

3. Modular system according to claim 1 or 2 characterized by the fact that it further contains other derived blocks with the same height (b), these blocks have the width (a) and/or these blocks have the width (c), their length is an n-multiple of the width (a) of the first basic block (3) where n is an integer number equal or greater than 3, while the locations of external grooves (1) and the internal grooves (11) correspond to three or more first basic blocks (3), or second basic blocks (5) respectively, laid lengthwise side-by-side, and manufactured as a single unit.

4. Modular system according to any of claims 1 to 3 characterized by the fact that within a single block (3,4,5,6) at least one external groove (1) has different dimensions and/or different shape than remaining external grooves (1), while the external grooves (1) and the internal grooves (11) following up one another in one wall have the same shape and same dimensions.

5. Modular system according to claim 4 characterized by the fact that the internal connecting bar (22) is in each of its cross-sections symmetrical only around the longitudinal axis (o).