WO2013119186A1 - Lubricant additive and lubricant containing such additive - Google Patents

Lubricant additive and lubricant containing such additive Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013119186A1
WO2013119186A1 PCT/SI2013/000004 SI2013000004W WO2013119186A1 WO 2013119186 A1 WO2013119186 A1 WO 2013119186A1 SI 2013000004 W SI2013000004 W SI 2013000004W WO 2013119186 A1 WO2013119186 A1 WO 2013119186A1
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Prior art keywords
additive
formula
atom
lubricant
fluorine
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PCT/SI2013/000004
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French (fr)
Inventor
Mitjan Kalin
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UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI, Fakulteta za strojnistvo
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Priority to EP13716868.8A priority Critical patent/EP2812419A1/en
Publication of WO2013119186A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013119186A1/en

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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/08Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium containing a sulfur-to-oxygen bond
    • C10M135/10Sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M131/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen
    • C10M131/08Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen and oxygen
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M131/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen
    • C10M131/08Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen and oxygen
    • C10M131/10Alcohols; Ethers; Aldehydes; Ketones
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    • C10M131/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen
    • C10M131/08Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen and oxygen
    • C10M131/12Acids; Salts or esters thereof
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    • C10M133/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/06Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M133/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/16Amides; Imides
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    • C10M135/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/08Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium containing a sulfur-to-oxygen bond
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    • C10M137/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04Phosphate esters
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M139/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00
    • C10M139/04Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00 having a silicon-to-carbon bond, e.g. silanes
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2211/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2211/04Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, and oxygen
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2211/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2211/04Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, and oxygen
    • C10M2211/042Alcohols; Ethers; Aldehydes; Ketones
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    • C10M2211/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2211/04Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, and oxygen
    • C10M2211/044Acids; Salts or esters thereof
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2211/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2211/06Perfluorinated compounds
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    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/08Amides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/042Sulfate esters
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2223/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04Phosphate esters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/04Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions having a silicon-to-carbon bond, e.g. organo-silanes
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/069Linear chain compounds
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/02Bearings
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    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25Internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to chemistry, namely on the one hand to lubricants on the basis of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and on the other hand to additives comprising halogen.
  • the purpose of the invention is to improve the ability of sliding of the lubricant and to reduce resistance of the lubricant during displacements along the surface of each lubricated machine part, in particular in conditions of hydrodynamic or elasto- hydrodynamic friction, by which however adhesiveness towards the surface layer of each machine part consisting substantially of iron oxides should be maintained. Accordingly, such cooperating machine parts should despite to maintaining each required lubricating performances become easily slidable relative to each other i.e. under essentially reduced resistance, when compared with lubricating by means of state of the art lubricants and additives.
  • Lubricants consist of aliphatic hydrocarbons consisting of relatively long linear molecules, in which carbon atoms are bound by means of a single or double or triple bond, and hydrogen atoms are bound to said carbon atoms, wherein such molecule comprises a polar end portion, by which a required adhesiveness is achieved towards a non-polar steel basis, which is substantially covered with iron oxides. Properties of such lubricants are e.g. described in
  • a polar group like e.g. S0 3 " can be bound to a chain C n H 2n+1 .
  • the invention provides that an additive in amount of 0,1 - 1,5%, per weight of the lubricant is added to the lubricant, namely an additive with a linear molecular structure on the basis of a substituted hydrocarbon with added polar functional group of the type
  • X-C n F 2n -Y (Formula 1) wherein n is 5 to 25, preferably 10 to 20, and wherein at least one of X and Y, preferably both of them, represent(s) a polar group, which is during the use i.e. during the lubrication of each machine part, which is made of steel and is covered with iron oxides on its surface, capable to adhere to said oxidized surface layer, and wherein optionally each residual terminal end portion X or Y represents a hydrogen or fluorine atom.
  • X is optionally a hydrogen or fluorine atom.
  • the polar group is during the use, i.e. by lubricating of each steel machine part, adhered to the iron oxides on the surface, while the residual part of the molecule is oleophobic and prevents the lubricant to access said surface.
  • Said compound according to Formula 1 is for example realized such that in a molecule of a hydrocarbon, which belongs to the group of alkanes C n H 2n+ i with at least 10 carbon atoms, either all disposable hydrogen atoms or all hydrogen atoms except of the terminal one are substituted with fluorine atoms, and that simultaneously at least one polar group X and/or Y is bound to at least one of terminal carbon atoms.
  • said linear molecule of a hydrocarbon in accordance with Formula 1, in which all hydrogen atoms, optionally except of one terminal hydrogen atom, are substituted with fluorine, is completed either with
  • polar functional group X which is bound to one terminal carbon atom, wherein a hydrogen atom H or fluorine atom F is bound to each residual terminal carbon atom, and wherein said polar functional group is optionally a carboxy or amid or amino or hydroxy group or an alcohol, in particular methanol CH 2 OH, under the condition 10 ⁇ n ⁇ 18, and wherein Y is hydrogen or fluorine; or with - a combination of two identical or different polar functional groups, which are in the molecule of additive bound to each corresponding terminal carbon atom, either in accordance with combinations pursuant to Formula 1, wherein optionally
  • the basis for a compound according to Formula 2 represents a molecule of alkane C 12 H 25 , in which hydrogen atoms except of that, which is bound to one of terminal carbon atoms, are substituted with fluorine atoms, and in which amino group is bound on the residual carbon atom.
  • Molecules of such obtained compound which are present within a lubricant as an additive, are by means of the polar end portion NH 2 adhered to iron oxides on the surface of each lubricated steel part, while the residual end portion of the molecule is oleophobic and prevents molecules of the lubricant from contacting said surface.
  • a carboxyl group is used as a functional group, which is bound to one of both terminal carbon atoms of a molecule, in which hydrogen atoms are substituted with fluorine atoms
  • Amine group is used as a polar functional group, wherein the molecule of additive is presented by means of Formula 4. The residual part of the molecule is oleophobic.
  • a hydroxyl i.e. hydroxy group is used as a polar functional group, wherein the molecule of additive is presented by means of Formula 5.
  • n-alkane molecule (10 ⁇ n ⁇ 18) according to Formula 1 is used, wherein each desired polar functional group is bound to one of both terminal carbon atoms.
  • both functional groups are carboxyl groups
  • n-alkane molecule 13 ⁇ n ⁇ 14
  • each desired polar functional group is bound to one of both terminal carbon atoms
  • the first functional group X of the additive molecule according to Formula 7 is a carboxyl group
  • the other polar functional group is an alcohol group, namely methanol.
  • a molecule in accordance with Formula 10 is used, where the polar functional group is glycerol monooleate (GMO)
  • a molecule is used in accordance with Formula 1, in which the polar functional group is sulphonate in accordance with Formula 12, wherein the sulphonate cations and anions, which may be different, are separately shown in Formulas 12a and 12b.
  • the invention relates both to the lubricant additive in accordance with Formula 1 and with previously discussed examples, and also to the lubricant containing such additive, namely in amount between 0,5 and 1,5% per weight of the lubricant together with added additive.
  • each molecule of the additive according to Formula 1 comprises a polar end portion, which can be adhered to the oxidized surface of each lubricated steel machine part, as well as an oleophobic residual end portion, which prevents the lubricant to access said surface, shear forces within the lubricant layer are reduced, and consequently, the resistance against relative movement of both lubricated cooperating machine parts is also essentially reduced.

Abstract

The present invention refers to a lubricant additive, which is intended for lubricating of at least two steel machine parts, which are engaged with each other by means of sliding or rolling relative to each other, and moreover also to a lubricant containing such additive. A chemical structure of such additive is based on a linear molecule of alkane with preferably 10 to 20 carbon atoms, in which all hydrogen atoms, or all hydrogen atoms except of the terminal one, which is bound to the terminal carbon atom, are substituted with a fluorine atom or with such functional group on the basis of fluorine, which leads to oleophobicity of such substituted molecule, and wherein simultaneously at least one polar functional group is bound to at least one terminal carbon atom in order to assure adhesiveness of the additive towards the iron oxides on the surface of each lubricated machine part by simultaneously enabling sliding along the surface of the said machine part.

Description

LUBRICANT ADDITIVE AND LUBRICANT CONTAINING SUCH
ADDITIVE
The invention belongs to chemistry, namely on the one hand to lubricants on the basis of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and on the other hand to additives comprising halogen.
The purpose of the invention is to improve the ability of sliding of the lubricant and to reduce resistance of the lubricant during displacements along the surface of each lubricated machine part, in particular in conditions of hydrodynamic or elasto- hydrodynamic friction, by which however adhesiveness towards the surface layer of each machine part consisting substantially of iron oxides should be maintained. Accordingly, such cooperating machine parts should despite to maintaining each required lubricating performances become easily slidable relative to each other i.e. under essentially reduced resistance, when compared with lubricating by means of state of the art lubricants and additives.
Lubricants are known, which consist of aliphatic hydrocarbons consisting of relatively long linear molecules, in which carbon atoms are bound by means of a single or double or triple bond, and hydrogen atoms are bound to said carbon atoms, wherein such molecule comprises a polar end portion, by which a required adhesiveness is achieved towards a non-polar steel basis, which is substantially covered with iron oxides. Properties of such lubricants are e.g. described in
A. E. Jimenez, M. D. Bermudez, P. Iglesias, J. Carrion, G. Martinez-Nicolas: Wear, 260 (7-8). 766-782 (2006);
I. Minami, M. Kita, T. ubo, H. Nanao, S. Mori: Tribology Letters, 30(3), 215-223 (2008);
T. Itoh, N-Watanabe, K-Inada, A. Ishioka, S. Hayase, M. Kawatsura, I. Minami, S. Mori: Chemistry Letters, 38(1), 64-65 (2009).
In such cases, excellent adhesiveness of molecules of the lubricant against each disposable surface is obtained, by which a layer of the lubricant is present between each two mutually engaged machine parts, and molecules of the lubricant are adhered to the material on the surface of each machine part. To this aim, a polar group like e.g. S03 " can be bound to a chain CnH2n+1. However, in such case adhesive forces are acting between molecules of the lubricant and molecules of the surface layer of each lubricated machine part, and relative movements between both lubricated and cooperating machine parts are hindered, so that consequently and under provision that each desired lubricating performances and thickness of the layer of the lubricant shall be maintained, the resistance against each movement of said machine part relative to each other is relatively high.
The invention provides that an additive in amount of 0,1 - 1,5%, per weight of the lubricant is added to the lubricant, namely an additive with a linear molecular structure on the basis of a substituted hydrocarbon with added polar functional group of the type
X-CnF2n-Y (Formula 1) wherein n is 5 to 25, preferably 10 to 20, and wherein at least one of X and Y, preferably both of them, represent(s) a polar group, which is during the use i.e. during the lubrication of each machine part, which is made of steel and is covered with iron oxides on its surface, capable to adhere to said oxidized surface layer, and wherein optionally each residual terminal end portion X or Y represents a hydrogen or fluorine atom.
When each desired functional group Y is bound to just one of two terminal carbon atoms of the molecule of the additive, then X is optionally a hydrogen or fluorine atom. In such case, the polar group is during the use, i.e. by lubricating of each steel machine part, adhered to the iron oxides on the surface, while the residual part of the molecule is oleophobic and prevents the lubricant to access said surface.
Said compound according to Formula 1 is for example realized such that in a molecule of a hydrocarbon, which belongs to the group of alkanes CnH2n+i with at least 10 carbon atoms, either all disposable hydrogen atoms or all hydrogen atoms except of the terminal one are substituted with fluorine atoms, and that simultaneously at least one polar group X and/or Y is bound to at least one of terminal carbon atoms. Consequently, a linear molecule is obtained with a base portion, which is due to substitution of hydrogen atoms with fluorine atoms oleophobic and is repelled from fat, but the same time at least one end portion of said molecule in the area of one terminal carbon atom remains polar and shows tendency of adhesion towards the surface layer consisting of iron oxides, which is present on each machine part lubricated by means of the lubricant containing the additive according to the invention.
In accordance with the invention, said linear molecule of a hydrocarbon in accordance with Formula 1, in which all hydrogen atoms, optionally except of one terminal hydrogen atom, are substituted with fluorine, is completed either with
- one polar functional group X, which is bound to one terminal carbon atom, wherein a hydrogen atom H or fluorine atom F is bound to each residual terminal carbon atom, and wherein said polar functional group is optionally a carboxy or amid or amino or hydroxy group or an alcohol, in particular methanol CH2OH, under the condition 10 < n < 18, and wherein Y is hydrogen or fluorine; or with - a combination of two identical or different polar functional groups, which are in the molecule of additive bound to each corresponding terminal carbon atom, either in accordance with combinations pursuant to Formula 1, wherein optionally
X = carboxy and Y = carboxy, wherein 10 < n < 20;
X = carboxy and Y = alcohol, in particular methanol, wherein 13 < n < 14; X = alcohol and Y = alcohol, in particular methanol, wherein n is preferably 16; - or with at least one complex polar functional group X, which is optionally
- glycerol monoleat;
- oleamid;
- sulphonate SO3;
- sulphate SO4,
- phosphate PO4, or
- n-alkyltrihydroxy silan Si(OH)3, wherein 10 < n < 18 and wherein Y is a hydrogen or a fluorine atom.
Example 1
The basis for a compound according to Formula 2 represents a molecule of alkane C12H25, in which hydrogen atoms except of that, which is bound to one of terminal carbon atoms, are substituted with fluorine atoms, and in which amino group is bound on the residual carbon atom.
F F F F F F F F F F F F
H - C - C - C - C - C - C - C - C - C - C - C - C — NH2
F F F F F F F F F F F F
(Formula 2)
Molecules of such obtained compound, which are present within a lubricant as an additive, are by means of the polar end portion NH2 adhered to iron oxides on the surface of each lubricated steel part, while the residual end portion of the molecule is oleophobic and prevents molecules of the lubricant from contacting said surface.
Example 2
In accordance with Formula 3, a carboxyl group is used as a functional group, which is bound to one of both terminal carbon atoms of a molecule, in which hydrogen atoms are substituted with fluorine atoms
F F F F F F F F F F F
F-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C=O
F F F F F F F F F F F O-H
(Formula 3)
In such case, polar end portions of molecules are adhered to iron oxides on the surface of each lubricated machine part of steel on the side of said carboxyl group, while the residual part of the molecule is oleophobic.
Example 3
Amine group is used as a polar functional group, wherein the molecule of additive is presented by means of Formula 4. The residual part of the molecule is oleophobic.
F F
Figure imgf000006_0001
F F
(Formula 4) Example 4
A hydroxyl i.e. hydroxy group is used as a polar functional group, wherein the molecule of additive is presented by means of Formula 5.
F F F F
H - C - C C - C - C - OH
F F F F
(Formula 5)
In such case, polar end portions of molecules are adhered to iron oxides on the surface of each lubricated machine part of steel on the side of said carboxyl group, while the residual part of the molecule is oleophobic.
Example 5
In such case, a n-alkane molecule (10 < n < 18) according to Formula 1 is used, wherein each desired polar functional group is bound to one of both terminal carbon atoms. In the Formula 6 below, both functional groups are carboxyl groups
F F F F
Figure imgf000007_0001
F F F F
(Formula 6) Example 6
In such case, a n-alkane molecule (13 < n < 14) according to Formula 1 is used, wherein each desired polar functional group is bound to one of both terminal carbon atoms, wherein the first functional group X of the additive molecule according to Formula 7 is a carboxyl group, while the other polar functional group is an alcohol group, namely methanol.
F F F F
Figure imgf000008_0001
F F F F
(Formula 7)
Example 7
In such case, a hexadecane (n = 16) is used in accordance with Formula 1, in which each desired polar functional group is bound to each of both terminal carbon atoms, wherein both polar functional groups X and Y of the additive molecule according to Formula 8 are alcohol groups.
F F F F
HOH2C - C - C C - C - C - CH2OH
F F F F
(Formula 8) Example 8
In this case a molecule in accordance with Formula 9 is used, where the polar functional group is alkyl trihydroxy silane.
Figure imgf000009_0001
F F
(Formula 9)
Example 9
In this case a molecule in accordance with Formula 10 is used, where the polar functional group is glycerol monooleate (GMO)
Figure imgf000009_0002
F F F F
(Formula 10)
Example 10
In this case a molecule in accordance with Formula 11 is used, where the polar functional group is oleamid.
Figure imgf000009_0003
I I
F F F F
(Formula 1 1) Example 1 1
In such case, a molecule is used in accordance with Formula 1, in which the polar functional group is sulphonate in accordance with Formula 12, wherein the sulphonate cations and anions, which may be different, are separately shown in Formulas 12a and 12b.
F F F F
Figure imgf000010_0001
F F F F
(Formula 12)
Figure imgf000010_0002
(Formula 12a) (Formula 12b)
Example 12
In this case an additive molecule is used, where the polar functional group is a sulphate group according to Formula 13.
F F F F
Figure imgf000010_0003
F F F F
(Formula 13) Example 13
In this case an additive molecule is used, where the polar functional group is a phosphate group according to Formula 14.
Figure imgf000011_0001
cm F F F F
(Formula 14)
Those skilled in the art shall understand that the invention relates both to the lubricant additive in accordance with Formula 1 and with previously discussed examples, and also to the lubricant containing such additive, namely in amount between 0,5 and 1,5% per weight of the lubricant together with added additive.
Due to the fact that each molecule of the additive according to Formula 1 comprises a polar end portion, which can be adhered to the oxidized surface of each lubricated steel machine part, as well as an oleophobic residual end portion, which prevents the lubricant to access said surface, shear forces within the lubricant layer are reduced, and consequently, the resistance against relative movement of both lubricated cooperating machine parts is also essentially reduced.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS
1. Additive for a lubricant suitable for lubricating of at least two machine parts, which cooperate with each other in the sense of sliding or rolling along each other, wherein the basis for said additive represents a molecule of alkane, in which all hydrogen atoms, or all hydrogen atoms except of the terminal atom, which is bond to the terminal carbon atom, are substituted with a fluorine atom or such functional group on the basis of fluorine, which assures oleophobic properties of such group, characterized in that its chemical structure is defined with formula
X-CnF2n-Y (formula 1) wherein n is 5 to 25, preferably 10 to 20, and wherein at least one of X and Y, preferably both of them, represent(s) a polar group, which is during the use i.e. during the lubrication of each machine part, which is made of steel and is therefore covered with iron oxides on the surface, capable to adhere to said oxidized surface layer, and wherein optionally each residual terminal end portion X or Y represents a hydrogen or fluorine atom.
2. Additive according to Claim 1, characterized in that each compound according to Formula 1, in which all hydrogen atoms, optionally except of one terminal hydrogen atom, are substituted with fluorine, is completed either with
- one polar functional group X, which is bond to one terminal carbon atom, wherein a hydrogen H atom or F fluorine atom is bound to each residual terminal carbon atom, and wherein said polar functional group is optionally a carboxy or amid or amino or hydroxy group or an alcohol, in particular methanol CH2OH, under the condition 10 < n < 18, and wherein Y is hydrogen or fluorine; or with - combination of two identical or different polar functional groups, which are in the molecule of additive bound to each corresponding terminal carbon atom, either in accordance with combinations pursuant to Formula 1 , wherein optionally
X = carboxy and Y = carboxy, wherein 10 < n < 20;
X = carboxy and Y = alcohol, in particular methanol, wherein 13 < n < 14;
X = alcohol and Y = alcohol, in particular methanol, wherein n is preferably 16;
- or with at least one complex polar functional group X, which is optionally
- glycerol monoleat;
- oleamid;
- sulphonate SO3;
- sulphate SO4,
- phosphate PO4, or
- n-alkyltrihydroxy silan Si(OH)3, wherein 10 < n < 18 and wherein Y is a hydrogen or a fluorine atom.
3. Lubricant containing 0,1 - 1,5%, per weight of the lubricant, of additive according to anyone of Claims 1 or 2.
PCT/SI2013/000004 2012-02-10 2013-01-18 Lubricant additive and lubricant containing such additive WO2013119186A1 (en)

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