WO2015168025A1

WO2015168025A1 - Systems and methods for organizing search results and targeting advertisements

Info

Publication number: WO2015168025A1
Application number: PCT/US2015/027807
Authority: WO
Inventors: Brandon Wirtz; William Irvine; Sarah AUSTIN
Original assignee: Stremor Corp.
Priority date: 2014-04-28
Filing date: 2015-04-27
Publication date: 2015-11-05

Abstract

Embodiments include a method for selling targeted web-based advertising. The method includes receiving an advertisement from a first user; receiving one or more targeted words from the first user; determining one or more contextual words from among the one or more targeted words, such that each of the one or more contextual words have two or more contextual senses; sending to the first user each of the two or more contextual senses for each of the one or more contextual words; receiving from the first user one or more contextual sense selections for each of the one or more contextual words; and receiving from the first user a payment or promise for payment based on one or more predetermined uses of the advertisement when the advertisement is displayed with one or more web pages. The advertisement is displayed with the one or more web pages based on a matching of the one or more web pages with the one or more targeted words and with the one or more contextual sense selections of each of the one or more contextual words. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Description

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ORGANIZING SEARCH RESULTS AND

TARGETING ADVERTISEMENTS

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] The present application claims priority to United States Provisional

Application No. 61/985,363, filed on April 28, 2014, and to United States Application No. 14/697,110, filed on April 27, 2015. The entirety of each of which is incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] This invention relates generally to computer aided searching of information, and relates more particularly to computer systems and methods for targeted web-based advertising.

BACKGROUND

[0003] People often search for documents on the Internet using search engines. Many search engines attempt to find the desired document from the multitude of information available on the web. Users often submit queries to the search system, and the search system returns relevant documents (i.e., search results) with respect to the queries.

[0004] Typical search results are ranked only by quantitative factors. That is, the search engines rank the search results based upon objective or easily quantifiable properties (e.g., number of times the search term appears in the document, and/or number of other web pages that link to the document). Ranking based solely on quantitative factors does not always produce optimal search results. Furthermore, displaying results based solely on quantitative factors does not always produce optimal search results for the user.

[0005] Accordingly, a need or potential for benefit exists for a method or system that uses both quantitative and qualitative factors to determine the best search results for a user query, and that improves the quantity and organization of search results.

[0006] Moreover, current web advertising technology is primarily based around keyword targeting. This method can work well for brand names that are unlikely to have an alternate meaning, such as "Kleenex." Many words, however, have multiple meanings, or contextual senses, and advertisers often do not wish to target the alternate meanings. For example, a company that makes a fish oil supplement would want to target people who are considering fish for health reasons, but not people who go fishing, nor people who are looking for fish in their aquarium. [0007] Accordingly, a need or potential for benefit exists for a method of system that targets advertisements based on the contextual sense of a word, and determines content that matches the contextual sense of the word.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] To facilitate further description of the embodiments, the following drawings are provided in which:

[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates a box diagram of a computer system configured to generate search results according to a first embodiment;

[0010] FIG. 2 illustrates a flow chart for a method of generating search results according to the first embodiment;

[0011] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary interface, according to the first embodiment;

[0012] FIG. 4 illustrates a flow chart for an example of an activity of determining a classification of the potential search results, according to the first embodiment;

[0013] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a sample mark-up for a sentence, according to an embodiment;

[0014] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a word frequency table of a sample source, according to an embodiment;

[0015] FIG. 7 illustrates a flow chart for an example of an activity of communicating the search results to the user, according to the first embodiment;

[0016] FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary search results page, according to an embodiment;

[0017] FIG. 9 illustrates a computer that is suitable for implementing an embodiment of computer system of FIG. 1 ;

[0018] FIG. 10 illustrates a representative block diagram of an example of the elements included in the circuit boards inside chassis of the computer of FIG. 9;

[0019] FIG. 11 illustrates a box diagram of a computer system configured to generate search results, according to another embodiment;

[0020] FIG. 12 illustrates a flow chart for a method of generating search results according to the embodiment of FIG. 11 ;

[0021] FIG. 13 illustrates a flow chart for a method of communicating the search results to the user, according to another embodiment;

[0022] FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary search results page, according to an embodiment; [0023] FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary interface, according to the embodiment of

FIG. 11 ;

[0024] FIG. 16 illustrates a flow chart for a method of providing two or more search results, according to another embodiment;

[0025] FIG. 17 illustrates a box diagram of a computer system configured to sell targeted web-based advertising and/or determine that content matches targeted words and/or contextual senses, according to another embodiment;

[0026] FIG. 18 illustrates a flow chart of a method for selling targeted web-based advertising, according to another embodiment;

[0027] FIG. 19 illustrates an exemplary interface, according to the embodiment of

FIG. 17;

[0028] FIG. 20 illustrates an exemplary interface, according to the embodiment of

FIG. 17;

[0029] FIG. 21 illustrates an exemplary interface, according to the embodiment of

FIG. 17;

[0030] FIG. 22 illustrates an exemplary interface, according to the embodiment of

FIG. 17;

[0031] FIG. 23 illustrates an exemplary interface, according to the embodiment of

FIG. 17;

[0032] FIG. 24 illustrates an exemplary interface, according to the embodiment of

FIG. 17;

[0033] FIG. 25 illustrates an exemplary interface, according to the embodiment of

FIG. 17;

[0034] FIG. 26 illustrates a flow chart of a method for determining that a content web page uses a certain contextual sense of a contextual word, according to another embodiment;

[0035] FIG. 27 illustrates a flow chart of a method for determining a derived contextual sense of a contextual word in a content web page, according to another embodiment;

[0036] FIG. 28 illustrates a flow chart of a method for selling targeted search result advertising, according to another embodiment; and

[0037] FIG. 29 illustrates an exemplary interface for receiving target search result advertising, according to the embodiment of FIG. 28. [0038] For simplicity and clarity of illustration, the drawing figures illustrate the general manner of construction, and descriptions and details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the invention. Additionally, elements in the drawing figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help improve understanding of embodiments of the present invention. The same reference numerals in different figures denote the same elements.

[0039] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and in the claims, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments described herein are, for example, capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "include," and "have," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, device, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to those elements, but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, system, article, device, or apparatus.

[0040] The terms "left," "right," "front," "back," "top," "bottom," "over," "under," and the like in the description and in the claims, if any, are used for descriptive purposes and not necessarily for describing permanent relative positions. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are, for example, capable of operation in other orientations than those illustrated or otherwise described herein.

[0041] The terms "couple," "coupled," "couples," "coupling," and the like should be broadly understood and refer to connecting two or more elements or signals, electrically, mechanically and/or otherwise. Two or more electrical elements may be electrically coupled but not be mechanically or otherwise coupled; two or more mechanical elements may be mechanically coupled, but not be electrically or otherwise coupled; two or more electrical elements may be mechanically coupled, but not be electrically or otherwise coupled. Coupling may be for any length of time, e.g., permanent or semi-permanent or only for an instant.

[0042] "Electrical coupling" and the like should be broadly understood and include coupling involving any electrical signal, whether a power signal, a data signal, and/or other types or combinations of electrical signals. "Mechanical coupling" and the like should be broadly understood and include mechanical coupling of all types.

[0043] The absence of the word "removably," "removable," and the like near the word "coupled," and the like does not mean that the coupling, etc. in question is or is not removable.

DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLES OF EMBODIMENTS

[0044] Some embodiments concern a method for organizing two or more search results. The method includes: receiving at least one search parameter from a user; using at least one computer processor to determine a search type based upon the at least one search parameter; using the at least one computer processor to determine potential search results based upon the at least one search parameter; using the at least one computer processor to determine one or more qualitative traits of the potential search results; using the at least one computer processor to organize the two or more search results based upon the search type and the one or more qualitative traits of the potential search results; and displaying the two or more search results to the user.

[0045] Various embodiments concern a system configured to generate search results from three or more sources based upon one or more trigger words received from a user. The system generates the search results using at least one computer processor. The system can include: a communications module configured to be executed using the at least one computer processor and further configured to receive the one or more trigger words from the user and to communicate the search results to the user; a preliminary results module configured to be executed using the at least one computer processor and further configured to determine potential search results based upon the one or more trigger words, the potential search results comprises at least two potential sources from the three or more sources; an analysis module to determine a search type based upon the one or more trigger words; a classification module configured to classify the potential search results into two or more predetermined qualitative categories based on a content of the at least two potential sources; a mix module configured to determine an editorial mix of the search results based upon the search type and the potential search results, the editorial mix comprises two or more types of sources; a scoring module configured to determine a score for each source in the potential search results at least partially based upon the editorial mix of the search results; and a results determining module configured to create the search results at least partially based upon the potential search results, the editorial mix of the search results, and the score for each source in the potential search results.

[0046] Many embodiments can concern a method for displaying information to a user based upon one or more trigger words. The method can include: receiving the one or more trigger words from the user; using at least one computer processor to determine a search type based upon the one or more trigger words; using the at least one computer processor to determine an editorial mix based upon the search type, the editorial mix comprises two or more types of sources; using the at least one computer processor to determine potential search results based upon the one or more trigger words, the potential search results comprise at least two potential sources; using the at least one computer processor to determine one or more classifications of the potential search results into two or more qualitative categories based on a content of the potential search results; using the at least one computer processor to determine scores for the at least two potential sources at least partially based upon the editorial mix; using the at least one computer processor to determine search results at least partially based upon the potential search results, the editorial mix, and the scores for the at least two potential sources; and communicating the search results to the user.

[0047] Various embodiments include a method for providing two or more search results. The method can be implemented via execution of computer instructions configured to run at one or more processing modules and configured to be stored at one or more non- transitory memory storage modules. The method can include receiving at least one search parameter from a search query of a first user. The method also can include determining potential search results based upon the at least one search parameter. The method further can include determining one or more related searches from one or more second users. The method also can include determining two or more search results at least partially based upon the at least one search parameter and the one or more related searches. The method additionally can include determining that the two or more search results are related to a topic. The method further can include organizing the two or more search results based upon the topic. The method also can include displaying the two or more search results to the first user.

[0048] A number of embodiments include a method for providing two or more search results. The method can be implemented via execution of computer instructions configured to run at one or more processing modules and configured to be stored at one or more non- transitory memory storage modules. The method can include receiving one or more trigger words from a first user. The method also can include determining potential search results based upon the one or more trigger words. The method further can include determining one or more related searches from one or more second users. The method additionally can include determining environmental information related to the one or more trigger words. The method also can include determining two or more search results at least partially based upon the one or more trigger words, the one or more related searches, and the environmental information. The method further can include communicating the two or more search results to the first user.

[0049] Some embodiments include a system configured to generate search results from three or more sources based upon one or more trigger words received from a first user. The system can include one or more processing modules and one or more non-transitory memory storage modules storing computing modules configured to run on the one or more processing modules. The computing modules can include a communications module configured to receive the one or more trigger words from the first user and to communicate the search results to the first user. The computing modules also can include a related search module configured to determine one or more related searches from one or more second users. The computing modules further can include a results module configured to determine the search results based upon the one or more trigger words and the one or more related searches. The search results can include at least two sources from the three or more sources. The computing modules additional can include a topical module configured to determine that the two or more search results are related to a topic. The computing modules also can include an organization module configured to organize the two or more search results based on the topic. The computing modules further can include a display module configured to display the two or more search results to the first user.

[0050] Various embodiments include a method for selling targeted web-based advertising. The method can be implemented via execution of computer instructions configured to run at one or more processing modules and configured to be stored at one or more non-transitory memory storage modules. The method can include receiving an advertisement from a first user. The method also can include receiving one or more targeted words from the first user. The method further can include determining one or more contextual words from among the one or more targeted words. Each of the one or more contextual words can have two or more contextual senses. The method also can include sending to the first user each of the two or more contextual senses for each of the one or more contextual words. The method further can include receiving from the first user one or more contextual sense selections for each of the one or more contextual words. The method also can include receiving from the first user a payment or promise for payment based on one or more predetermined uses of the advertisement when the advertisement is displayed with one or more web pages. The advertisement can be displayed with the one or more web pages based on a matching of the one or more web pages with the one or more targeted words and with the one or more contextual sense selections of each of the one or more contextual words.

[0051] A number of embodiments include a method for determining that a content web page uses a first contextual sense of a contextual word. The method can be implemented via execution of computer instructions configured to run at one or more processing modules and configured to be stored at one or more non- transitory memory storage modules. The method can include determining one or more categories of corpus content that use the contextual word in the first contextual sense. The method also can include determining cluster words in the one or more categories of corpus content, wherein the cluster words exceed a frequency threshold. The method further can include determining that the content web page uses the contextual word. The method also can include determining that the content web page includes at least a portion of the cluster words and exceeds a cluster words score threshold.

[0052] Some embodiments include a method for determining a derived contextual sense of a contextual word in a content web page. The method can be implemented via execution of computer instructions configured to run at one or more processing modules and configured to be stored at one or more non- transitory memory storage modules. The method can include determining a first contextual sense of each first neighboring word having only a single contextual sense. The method also can include determining second contextual senses of each second neighboring word having two or more contextual senses. The method further can include determining the derived contextual sense of the contextual word based on a scoring of the first contextual senses of the first neighboring word or words and the second contextual senses of the second neighboring word or words.

[0053] Various embodiments include a method for selling targeted search result advertising. The method can be implemented via execution of computer instructions configured to run at one or more processing modules and configured to be stored at one or more non-transitory memory storage modules. The method can include receiving an advertisement for a first product or service from a first user. The method also can include receiving one or more descriptive words from the first user. The method further can include receiving from the first user a payment or promise for payment based on one or more predetermined uses of the advertisement when the advertisement is displayed with one or more search result web pages. The advertisement can be displayed with the one or more search result web pages based on a matching of at least one web page linked from each of the one or more search result web pages, the at least one web page having the one or more descriptive words.

[0054] A number of embodiments include a system configured to sell targeted web- based advertising. The system can include one or more processing modules. The system also can include one or more non-transitory memory storage modules storing computing modules configured to run on the one or more processing modules. The computing modules can include an advertisement module configured to receive an advertisement from a first user. The computing modules also can include a communications module configured to receive one or more targeted words from the first user. The computing modules further can include a context determination module configured to determine one or more contextual words from among the one or more targeted words. Each of the one or more contextual words can have two or more contextual senses. The computing modules also can include a context display module configured to send to the first user each of the two or more contextual senses for each of the one or more contextual words. The computing modules further can include a context receiving module configured to receive from the first user one or more contextual sense selections for each of the one or more contextual words. The computing modules also can include a commerce module configured to receive from the first user a payment or promise for payment based on one or more predetermined uses of the advertisement when the advertisement is displayed with one or more web pages. The advertisement can be displayed with the one or more web pages based on a matching of the one or more web pages with the one or more targeted words and with the one or more contextual sense selections of each of the one or more contextual words.

[0055] Turning to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates a box diagram of a computer system 100 configured to generate search results from three or more sources based upon one or more trigger words, according to a first embodiment. In some examples, computer system 100 can also be considered a computer system for editorializing search results using qualitative traits of the content of the search results or a system for displaying information to a user based upon one or more trigger words. Computer system 100 also can be considered a system for efficient qualitative scoring of text or textually tagged content in various examples or a system for organizing search results. Computer system 100 is merely exemplary and is not limited to the embodiments presented herein. Computer system 100 can be employed in many different embodiments or examples not specifically depicted or described herein.

[0056] Not to be taken in a limiting sense, a simple example of the usage of computer system 100 and method 200 (FIG. 2) can involve a user searching for a review of a new car. In this example, the user is searching for an imaginary model of "Pygmy" manufactured by an imaginary manufacturer "Romerts."

[0057] When the user searches for "Romerts Pygmy Review" in a search window on a website, computer system 100 identifies that this search is a "comparison search" and determines an editorial mix and search results based on that type of search. In this example, system 100 returns to the user search results that include the manufacture's site as the top result (especially if the manufacturer's website has a page that links to reviews), an "Encyclopedic" result (e.g., a reference that expresses primarily quantitative information about the topic), two journalistic reviews of the topic (e.g., similar to the type of content found in Consumer Reports that expresses opinion, but it is based on facts, and provided by an expert), and a rant liking and a rant disliking the Romerts Pygmy car.

[0058] Referring to FIG. 1, in some embodiments, computer system 100 can be configured to receive search parameters or terms (i.e., trigger words) from users 106, 107, and/or 108, and search the information (e.g., web pages, documents, databases, etc.) stored by sources 102, 103, and/or 104.

[0059] In some examples, computer system 100 (e.g., a search engine, etc.) can include: (a) a communications module 110 configured to receive trigger words from user 106, 107, and/or 108 and to communicate the search results to the user; (b) a preliminary results module 111 configured to determine potential search results based upon the trigger words; (c) an analysis module 112 to determine a search type based upon the trigger words; (d) a classification module 113 configured to classify the potential search results; (e) a mix module 114 configured to determine an editorial mix of the search results based upon the search type and the potential search results; (f) a scoring module 115 configured to determine a score for each source in the potential search results at least partially based upon the editorial mix of the search results; (g) a results determining module 116 configured to create the search results at least partially based upon the potential search results; (h) a storage module 117; (i) a computer processor 118; and (j) an operating system 119. [0060] Communications module 110 can include: (a) an organization module 121 ; (b) display module 122; and (c) receiving module 123. Organization module 121 can be configured to organize the search results based upon the classification of the potential search results. Organization module 121 can be further configured to determine the information to display to the user (e.g., user 106, etc.) from a first source (e.g., source 102, etc.), where the first source has a particular classification.

[0061] Display module 122 can be configured to visually display information from or about the search results to the user (e.g., user 106, etc.) on a web page or other display mechanism. Receiving module 123 can be configured to receive the search parameters (i.e., trigger words) from users 106, 107, and/or 108.

[0062] In various embodiments, classification module 113 can be configured to classify the potential search results into two or more predetermined qualitative categories based on the content of the information of at least one of sources 102, 103, or 104. In some examples, the two or more predetermined qualitative categories or classifications can include writing style, point-of-view of the author, timeframe (e.g., past, recent, present, future, etc.), the level of formality of the content, whether the content is written from instructive purposes (e.g., "How To" work or instructions, etc.), and whether the content is a critique or a review. For example, classification module 113 can be configured to determine a writing style and/or a point-of-view of each potential search result.

[0063] Classification module 113 can be further configured to determine the classification by: (a) creating a meta-document based upon the content of a first source (e.g., source 102, etc.); (b) determining a frequency and parts-of-speech (e.g., nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc.) of each word in the meta-document; and (c) determining the classification of source 102 using the frequency and the parts-of-speech of each word in the meta-document.

[0064] Communications network 105 can be a combination of public and/or private computer networks. For example, communications network 108 can include one or more of the Internet, an Intranet, local wireless or wired computer networks (e.g. a 4G (fourth generation) cellular network, etc.), wide area network (WAN), local area network (LAN), cellular telephone networks, or the like. In many embodiments, computer system 100 communicates with users 106, 107, and 108 and sources 102, 103, and 104 using communications network 105. [0065] "Computer system 100," as used herein, can refer to a single computing device such as a computer or a server, and "computer system 100" also can refer to a cluster or collection of computers or servers. Typically, a cluster or collection of servers can be used when the demands by client computers (e.g., users 106, 107, and 108, etc.) are beyond the reasonable capability of a single server or computer. In many embodiments, the servers in the cluster or collection of servers are interchangeable from the perspective of the client computers.

[0066] In some examples, a single server can include communications module 110, preliminary results module 111, analysis module 112, classification module 113, mix module 114, scoring module 115, and results determining module 116. In other examples, a first server can include a first portion of these modules. One or more second servers can include a second, possibly overlapping, portion of these modules. In these examples, computer system 100 can comprise the combination of the first server and the one or more second servers.

[0067] In some examples, storage module 117 can include information or indexes used by computer system 100. The information can be stored on a structured collection of records or data, for instance, which is stored in storage module 117. For example, the indexes stored in storage module 117 can be an XML (Extensible Markup Language) database, MySQL, or an Oracle® database. In the same or different embodiments, the indexes could consist of a searchable group of individual data files stored in storage module 117.

[0068] In various embodiments, operating system 119 can be a software program that manages the hardware and software resources of a computer and/or a computer network. Operating system 119 performs basic tasks such as, for example, controlling and allocating memory, prioritizing the processing of instructions, controlling input and output devices, facilitating networking, and managing files. Examples of common operating systems for a computer include Microsoft® Windows, Mac® operating system (OS), UNIX® OS, and Linux® OS.

[0069] As used herein, "computer processor" means any type of computational circuit, such as but not limited to a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a controller, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) microprocessor, a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) microprocessor, a very long instruction word (VLIW) microprocessor, a graphics processor, a digital signal processor, or any other type of processor or processing circuit capable of performing the desired functions. [0070] FIG. 2 illustrates a flow chart of a method 200 of generating search results from three or more sources (e.g., source 102, 103, and 104 (FIG. 1), etc.) based upon one or more trigger words, according to the first embodiment. In some examples, method 200 also can be considered a method to editorialize results using qualitative traits of the content of search results or a method for displaying information to a user based upon one or more trigger words. Method 200 also can be considered a method for qualitatively scoring text or textually tagged content or a method of organizing search results.

[0071] Method 200 is merely exemplary and is not limited to the embodiments presented herein. Method 200 can be employed in many different embodiments or examples not specifically depicted or described herein. In some embodiments, the activities, the procedures, and/or the processes of method 200 can be performed in the order presented. In other embodiments, the activities, the procedures, and/or the processes of method 200 can be performed in any other suitable order. In still other embodiments, one or more of the activities, the procedures, and/or the processes in method 200 can be combined or skipped.

[0072] Referring to FIG. 2, method 200 includes an activity 251 of receiving one or more trigger words (e.g., "Romerts Pygmy Review", etc.) from the user. Referring back to FIG. 1, in some examples, one of users 106, 107, or 108 can use a computing device to enter and/or transmit the trigger words to computer system 100. In many examples, the trigger words are transmitted to computer system 100 from user 106, 107, or 108 over communications network 105 (i.e., the Internet or another computer network).

[0073] In various embodiments, computer system 100 can generate and/or display one or more web pages and/or other interfaces that user 106, 107, or 108 can use to submit or send the one or more to computer system 100. For example, FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary interface 300 where the trigger words can be entered by a user, according to the first embodiment. In the example of FIG. 3, one of users 106, 107, or 108 (FIG. 1) can enter the trigger word(s) (e.g., "Romerts Pygmy Review", etc.) into a text box 341 on interface 300 (e.g., a web page, etc.). When the user clicks submit button 342, the user's computing device can transmit the trigger words to receiving module 123 (FIG. 1) via communications network 105 (FIG. 1).

[0074] Referring back to FIG. 2, method 200 in FIG. 2 continues with an activity 252 of determining a search type. In some examples, activity 252 can include using at least one computer processor to determining a search type. In various examples, analysis module 112 (FIG. 1) can determine the search type. The search type is used to determine the mix of information to display to the user as part of the search results. Depending on the type of search, computer system 100 (FIG. 1) can display different mixes and orders of search results.

[0075] In some examples, activity 252 can include using at least one computer processor to determine a search type based upon the trigger words. In many embodiments, analysis module 112 (FIG. 1) can determine the search type based upon the one or more trigger words. In many embodiments, analysis module 112 (FIG. 1) can identify the search type based on the meaning of the one or more trigger words. For example, if the trigger words were "Romerts Pygmy review," analysis module 112 (FIG. 1) can determine that the user is performing a comparison-type search. In another example, if the trigger word is only "Romerts," analysis module 112 (FIG. 1) could determine that the user is performing an informational-type search. In still another example, if the trigger words include "Romerts Pygmy horse power," analysis module 112 (FIG. 1) could determine that the user is performing a statistics-type search. In still another example, if the trigger words include "Romerts Pygmy recall," analysis module 112 (FIG. 1) could determine that the user is performing a government notice-type search. In still other examples, if the trigger words include "How To Fix a Romerts Pygmy ..." or "Instructions to repair a Romerts Pygmy," analysis module 112 (FIG. 1) could determine that the user is performing an instructive- type search.

[0076] Subsequently, method 200 of FIG. 2 includes an activity 253 of determining an editorial mix. In some examples, activity 253 can include using at least one computer processor to determine an editorial mix based upon the search type. In some examples, analysis module 112 (FIG. 1) can determine the editorial mix. In various embodiments, the editorial mix for search-types (comparison- type searches, informational-type searches, statistics-type searches, notice-type searches, etc.) can be stored in a database of storage module 117 (FIG. 1). The editorial mix can be a parameter set by an administrator of computer system 100 (FIG. 1) or can be derived or evolve over time based upon a machine learning algorithm based on the type of results to which a user responds (e.g., the type of search results that the user clicks on a search results web page that can be customized to the user by user account, internet protocol (IP) address, device, identification, etc.).

[0077] The editorial mix can be a list or group of two or more types of sources or references (e.g., web pages, etc.) that will be shown to the user as the search results. For example, for comparison-type searches, the editorial mix can include the manufacturer's web page(s), an "Encyclopedic" reference (i.e., a reference that expresses primarily quantitative information about the search product), two or more journalistic review of the product (e.g., references that express an opinion but based on facts and provided by an expert, etc.), and at least one favorable rant (i.e., a positive product review, etc.), and at least one unfavorable rant (i.e., a negative review of the product, etc.). These rants can be non-journalist, non-expert user reviews of the product or service.

[0078] In another example, the editorial mix for informational-type search can include trusted source(s) written at the high school reading level, trusted sources written at the 6th grade reading level, encyclopedia-type sources (e.g., an online encyclopedia or dictionary, a Wiki), and other non-trusted sources with related information. In still another example, the editorial mix for statistics-type search can include trusted source(s) that includes the statistic (e.g., source from a .gov domain, the website of a manufacturer of the producer, online academic journals, etc.), trusted new sources (e.g., Reuters news service, Associated Press news service, Arizona Republic newspaper website, etc.), other news source that includes the statistic (e.g., blogs, etc.), and sources that have a different number for the same statistic. The different numbers for the same statistic could be because the sources are possibly dated differently or reported from different sources.

[0079] In these examples, a trusted source can be a source that has proven creditability. In one example, a list of trusted sources can be stored in storage module 117 (FIG. 1). In some examples, an administrator of computer system 100 (FIG. 1) can enter the list of trusted sources into computer system 100. In the same or different example, computer system 100 can determine if a source is trusted based on a number of factors (e.g., domain type (i.e., .edu, .gov, etc.), links from other trusted sources, number of incoming links, context of links to source on other web pages).

[0080] Next, method 200 of FIG. 2 includes an activity 254 of determining potential or preliminary search results. In some examples, activity 254 can include using the at least one computer processor to determine potential search results based upon the one or more trigger words. In various embodiments, preliminary results module 111 (FIG. 1) can determine potential search results based upon the one or more trigger words.

[0081] In some examples, preliminary results module 111 (FIG. 1) can use the trigger words ranked by quantitative scoring. That is, preliminary results module 111 (FIG. 1) can rank the search results based upon objective or easily quantifiable properties (e.g., number of times the search term appears in the document, number of other web pages that link to the document, etc.). In many examples, preliminary results module 111 (FIG. 1) can create potential search results that include at least two potential sources (e.g., source 102 and 103 (FIG. 1), etc.). In various examples, preliminary results module 111 (FIG. 1) can assign a preliminary score to each of the potential search results based upon its relevance to the search.

[0082] In other examples, preliminary results module 111 (FIG. 1) can use other methods to determine the preliminary search results. For example, preliminary results module 111 (FIG. 1) can use the editorial mix for a specific search to search for results that fit into the specific categories of the editorial mix.

[0083] Method 200 in FIG. 2 continues with an activity 255 of determining a classification of the potential search results. In some examples, activity 255 can include using the at least one computer processor to sort, arrange, or otherwise determine a classification of the potential search results into two or more qualitative categories based on the content of the potential sources. In some examples, classification module 113 (FIG. 1) can classify the potential search results.

[0084] In various examples, classification module 113 (FIG. 1) can classify into two or more qualitative categories or classifications such as writing style (e.g., encyclopedic, journalistic, rant, etc.), point-of-view (e.g., for, against, neutral, etc.), bias (e.g., pro- republican, anti-republican, pro-democrat, anti-democrat, etc.), intent, sentiment, and other qualitative traits. When writing, the intent of the author typically dictates the vocabulary used. While different audiences and subjects change this approach slightly, classifying a type of source can be handled efficiently using a dictionary and comparing the word usage in a source against the dictionary. FIG. 4 illustrates a flow chart for an exemplary embodiment of activity 255 of determining a classification of the potential search results, according to the first embodiment.

[0085] Referring to FIG. 4, activity 255 includes a procedure 471 of creating a meta- document (e.g., a mark-up, etc.) for a source in the potential search results. In some examples, procedure 471 can include creating a meta-document based upon the content of a source (e.g., source 102, 103, or 104 (FIG. 1) , etc.). Most existing context classification systems use stop words and ignore adjectives. However, for the purpose of classifying a document in terms of its writing style, intent, bias, sentiment, and other qualitative traits, it is useful to identify how adjectives are used. [0086] Identifying and classifying adjectives can be typically very computationally intense. To reduce the computation requirements, classification module 113 (FIG. 1) can reduce sources to meta-documents. In many examples, classification module 113 (FIG. 1) can use a natural language analyzer to automatically generate the meta-document in real time. FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a sample mark-up for the sentence "This is a test" using a natural language analyzer. In this example, a Penn Tree method is applied to create the markup, but any sufficiently advanced natural language markup can be used instead. In the example mark-up shown in FIG. 5, the mark-up is arranged for each word or punctuation in the sentence as follows: the word, parts-of-speech (e.g., using the Penn parts-of-speech tags where "DT" stands for Determiner, "VBZ" stands for third person singular present verb, "NN" stands for a singular or mass noun), previous word, previous word, lowercase version of word (for efficient matching), original case (e.g., uppercase or lowercase/downcase), last letter/suffix, last two letter suffix, and last three letter suffix.

[0087] Classification module 113 (FIG. 1) can apply a natural language mark-up method (e.g., the Penn Tree method) to create a mark-up for the complete source (i.e., the whole document). In other examples, classification module 113 (FIG. 1) can use other methods or procedures to mark-up and/or create a meta-document for the source.

[0088] In some examples, as part of creating the mark-up for the source, classification module 113 can be configured to not include quotations from the source in the meta- document. When determining if a source has a positive or negative sentiment about a subject, separation of quotes from the author's sentiment can be useful to ensure accurate results. In some examples, classification module 113 (FIG. 1) can use natural language processing to first identify the portions of text that are quotes, and then remove them from the classification results to help to differentiate the speaker's sentiment from the author's sentiment.

[0089] For example, a source might say "According to a speech given by imaginary politician Bob Falseteller, 'The Elbonian government is entirely made up of thieves and commies.' This lead to outrage by the Elbonian people." The sentiment of the author of this source is neutral. The sentiment of Bob Falseteller, who is quoted in the source, is highly negative towards the Elbionian government. When classifying this content (in procedure 473 (FIG. 4) below), the source could be classified as "encyclopedic" or "journalistic," despite the quote which is more rant-like in nature. If the quoted text were included in the mark-up, this source could possibly be misclassified as a "rant." [0090] In the same or different examples, classification module 113 (FIG. 1) can separate and store the quotations. In the context of searching for "encyclopedic" or "journalistic" sources, rarely does the searcher care what a journalist said. Instead, the searcher is usually more interested in what the person, who the journalist is reporting about, said. Separating the writings of an author and the quotes from the person being quoted by the author allows for the ability to find relevant information from an authoritative source.

[0091] In some examples, classification module 113 (FIG. 1) can use natural language processing to first identify the portions of text that are quotes, index them, and store the quotes differentially (e.g., separately) from the body of the content in storage device 117 (FIG. 1). This differentiation and storage allows for quote-only searching, or searching of quotes by specific individuals.

[0092] Activity 255 in FIG. 4 continues with a procedure 472 of determining a frequency and parts-of-speech of each word in the meta-document. In some examples, classification module 113 (FIG. 1) can analyze the meta-document to determine the frequency of each word in the source and the parts-of-speech of each word in the source.

[0093] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a word frequency table of a sample source, according to an embodiment. In the example shown in FIG. 6, the words are sorted by word and parts-of-speech (e.g., using the Penn parts-of-speech tags where "NNP" stands for singular proper noun, "VBZ" stands for third person singular present verb, "NN" stands for a singular or mass noun, and "JJ" stands for an adjective).

[0094] Referring back to FIG. 4, activity 255 of FIG. 4 continues with a procedure

473 of determining the classification of the source. In some examples, procedure 473 can include determining the classification of the source using the frequency and the parts-of- speech of each word in the meta-document.

[0095] In various examples, classification module 113 (FIG. 1) can use various predetermined rubrics to determine how to classify a document based upon the words and the parts-of-speech of each word. For example, classification module 113 (FIG. 1) can identify the source of the word frequency table in FIG. 6 as a rant (e.g., a non-journalist, non-expert opinion writing). Classification module 113 (FIG. 1) also can identify this source as a rant based upon the multiple uses of the adjectives "crappy" and "sucks." That is, classification module 113 (FIG. 1) can apply a predetermined weight to each of those words for determining if this source meets the definition of a rant, without having to parse the entire source. On the other hand, classification module 113 (FIG. 1) could look at the nouns and verbs in the source to determine this source is about computers and computation.

[0096] By storing parts-of-speech and frequency along with the keyword data, not only is efficiency greatly increased, but accuracy is increased as well. For example, the sentence "I don't want to truck this gravel to Nevada." uses "truck" as a verb, not the more common usage as a noun. This usage greatly changes the way classification module 113 (FIG. 1) determines if this source is a piece of content about vehicles, or about shipping, as a vehicle classifier might give the noun truck a larger score than the verb truck if the parts-of- speech were unknown.

[0097] Next, activity 255 of FIG. 4 includes a procedure 474 of determining whether any additional sources need to be classified. If additional sources need classification, the next procedure in activity 255 is procedure 471. If no additional sources need classification, activity 255 is complete, and the next activity is an activity 256 (FIG. 2).

[0098] Referring again to FIG. 2, method 200 of FIG. 2 includes activity 256 of determining a score for the potential sources results. In some examples, activity 256 can include using a computer processor to determine a score for the potential search results at least partially based upon the editorial mix of the potential search results. In some examples, scoring module 115 (FIG. 1) can assign the score to the potential search results based upon the editorial mix and the classification of the potential search results.

[0099] For example, scoring module 115 (FIG. 1) can sort the potential search results by type and then apply bonus points to each of the sources in the potential search results based on the editorial mix for the search. In the example of a search for "Romerts Pygmy Review" where the search type was a comparison- type search, the bonus points could be manufacturer: +1000 points, encyclopedic: +500 points, journalistic review: +400 points, positive rant: +300 points, and negative rant: +300 points.

[00100] In another example, scoring module 115 (FIG. 1) can apply bonus points to a source if that source links a relevant asset based on the search type. For searches that are detected as document searches (e.g., search for PDF (portable document format) or non- HTML (hypertext markup language) files, etc.) or that are detected that the best answer is likely contained in a PDF or other non-HTML document or file, a bonus is awarded to the source that links to the non-HTML document or file. Scoring module 115 (FIG. 1) also can apply bonus point to a source where the ideal result is a non-text item that does not "display" in a browser (e.g., executable files or archive/compressed files, etc.). That is, executable files (e.g., .exe files, etc.) and archive/compressed files (e.g., Zip and DMG, etc.) cannot be rendered in a browser, but are often what the user is searching for (e.g., search for "download XYZ application", etc.). Awarding bonuses (e.g., +200 points, etc.) to the source(s) that links to the non-displayable ideal result provides a safer, more user friendly way to present access to the relevant result.

[00101] Next, method 200 of FIG. 2 includes an activity 257 of determining the search results. In some examples, activity 257 can include using the at least one computer processor to create the search results at least partially based upon the potential search results, the editorial mix, and the score for the potential sources results. In some examples, mix module 114 (FIG. 1) can create the list of top results based upon the scores for the potential search results.

[00102] In some cases a "slot" would be reserved for a specific type of result. A car manufacture or "brand" would likely occupy the top place for a search for that brand, regardless of the authority, popularity, or number of links for that source. A search for something with the word "sucks" might create two slots for negative results and a slot for a positive review, even if the positive review does not include the word "sucks."

[00103] Method 200 in FIG. 2 continues with an activity 258 of communicating the search results to the user. FIG. 7 illustrates a flow chart for an exemplary embodiment of activity 258 of communicating the search results to the user, according to the first embodiment.

[00104] Referring to FIG. 7, activity 258 includes a procedure 771 of organizing one or more sources in the search results. In some examples, procedure 771 can include organizing one or more elements of the search results based upon the classification of the potential search results. In many examples, organization module 121 (FIG. 1) can organize the results based upon the editorial mix for the specific search and the score for the potential search results. The search results can include sources within at least two different classifications.

[00105] In various embodiments, organization module 121 (FIG. 1) can include the predetermined mix of source types by picking the highest scoring references of each type to fill the available positions in the search results. Additional slots of the search results pages can be filled in by the highest scoring reference, not already included in the search results.

[00106] FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary search results web page 800 for the "Romerts Pygmy Review" search, according to an embodiment. In this example, organization module 121 (FIG. 1) has included two sources 881 from the manufacturer as the top results (one with information about the vehicle and the other with pictures of the vehicle), two journalistic review sources 882, an encyclopedic source 883, a positive rant source 884, and a negative rant source 885.

[00107] Activity 258 in FIG. 7 continues with a procedure 772 of displaying the search results to the user. In some examples, procedure 772 can include visually displaying the search results to the user on a web page (e.g., web page 800 of FIG. 8, etc.). In some examples, display module 122 (FIG. 1) can communicate the search results in a predetermined format (e.g., a web page, etc.) to user 106, 107, or 108 (FIG. 1) via communications network 105. In many examples, the search results can be visually displayed by display module 122 (FIG. 1) using a display on a computing device of user 106, 107, or 108 (FIG. 1). After procedure 772, activity 258 and method 200 (FIG. 2) can be complete.

[00108] FIG. 9 illustrates a computer 900 that is suitable for implementing an embodiment of at least a portion of computer system 100 (FIG. 1), computer system 1100 (FIG. 11) and/or computer system 1700 (FIG. 17). Computer 900 includes a chassis 902 containing one or more circuit boards (not shown), a USB (universal serial bus) port 912, a Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) and/or Digital Video Disc (DVD) drive 916, and a hard drive 914. A representative block diagram of the elements included on the circuit boards inside chassis 902 is shown in FIG. 10. A central processing unit (CPU) 1010 in FIG. 10 is coupled to a system bus 1014 in FIG. 10. In various embodiments, the architecture of CPU 1010 can be compliant with any of a variety of commercially distributed architecture families.

[00109] System bus 1014 also is coupled to non- volatile memory 1008 that includes both read only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM). Non-volatile portions of memory 1008 or the ROM can be encoded with a boot code sequence suitable for restoring computer 900 (FIG. 9) to a functional state after a system reset. In addition, memory 1008 can include microcode such as a Basic Input-Output System (BIOS). In some examples, storage module 117 (FIG. 1) can include a USB drive in USB port 912, on a CD-ROM or DVD in CD-ROM and/or DVD drive 916, hard drive 914, or non-volatile memory 1008

[00110] In the depicted embodiment of FIG. 10, various I/O devices such as a disk controller 1004, a graphics adapter 1024, a video controller 1002, a keyboard adapter 1026, a mouse adapter 1006, a network adapter 1020, and other I/O devices 1022 can be coupled to system bus 1014. Keyboard adapter 1026 and mouse adapter 1006 are coupled to a keyboard 904 (FIGs. 9 and 10) and a mouse 910 (FIGs. 9 and 10), respectively, of computer 900 (FIG. 9). While graphics adapter 1024 and video controller 1002 are indicated as distinct units in FIG. 10, video controller 1002 can be integrated into graphics adapter 1024, or vice versa in other embodiments. Video controller 1002 is suitable for refreshing a monitor 906 (FIGs. 9 and 10) to display images on a screen 908 (FIG. 9) of computer 900 (FIG. 9). Disk controller 1004 can control hard drive 914 (FIGs. 9 and 10), USB port 912 (FIGs. 9 and 10), and CD- ROM or DVD drive 916 (FIGs. 9 and 10). In other embodiments, distinct units can be used to control each of these devices separately.

[00111] Network adapters 1020 can be coupled to one or more antennas. In some embodiments, network adapter 1020 is part of a WNIC (wireless network interface controller) card (not shown) plugged or coupled to an expansion port (not shown) in computer 900. In other embodiments, the WNIC card can be a wireless network card built into internal computer 900. A wireless network adapter can be built into internal client computer 900 by having wireless Ethernet capabilities integrated into the motherboard chipset (not shown), or implemented via a dedicated wireless Ethernet chip (not shown), connected through the PCI (peripheral component interconnector) or a PCI express bus. In other embodiments, network adapter 1020 can be a wired network adapter.

[00112] Although many other components of computer 900 (FIG. 9) are not shown, such components and their interconnection are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Accordingly, further details concerning the construction and composition of computer 900 and the circuit boards inside chassis 902 (FIG. 9) need not be discussed herein.

[00113] When computer 900 in FIG. 9 is running, program instructions a USB drive in USB port 912, on a CD-ROM or DVD in CD-ROM and/or DVD drive 916, on hard drive 914, or in non-volatile memory 1008 (FIG. 10) are executed by CPU 1010 (FIG. 10). A portion of the program instructions, stored on these devices, can be suitable for carrying out method 200 (FIG. 2) as described previously with respect to FIGs. 1-8.

[00114] Turning ahead in the drawings, FIG. 11 illustrates a box diagram of a computer system 1100 configured to generate search results from three or more sources based upon one or more trigger words, according to an embodiment. Computer system 1100 can be similar to computer system 100 (FIG. 1), and/or one or more components of computer system 1100 can be identical or similar to one or more components of computer system 100 (FIG. 1). In some examples, computer system 1100 can be considered a computer system for organizing or providing search results or a system for displaying information to a user based upon one or more trigger words. Computer system 1100 is merely exemplary and is not limited to the embodiments presented herein. Computer system 1100 can be employed in many different embodiments or examples not specifically depicted or described herein.

[00115] Referring to FIG. 11, in some embodiments, computer system 1100 can be configured to receive search parameters or terms (i.e., trigger words) from users 1106, 1107, 1108, and/or 1109, and search the information (e.g., web pages, documents, databases) stored by sources 1102, 1103, and/or 1104.

[00116] In some examples, computer system 1100 (e.g., a search engine) can include: (a) a communications module 1110 configured to receive trigger words from one or more first users 1106 and/or 1107, and to communicate the search results to one or more first users 1106 and/or 1107; (b) a related search module 1111 configured to determine one or more related searches from one or more second users 1108 and/or 1109; (c) a topical module 1112 configured to determine that the search results are related to a topic; (d) an organization module 1113 configured to organize the two or more search results into a discussion format; (e) a results module 1114 configured to determine search results based upon the trigger words, environmental information, and/or one or more related searches; (f) a preliminary results module 1115 configured to determine potential search results based upon the trigger words; (g) an environment module 1116 configured to determine environmental information; (h) a storage module 1117; (i) a computer processor 1118; and/or (j) an operating system 1119.

[00117] Communications modules 1100 can be identical or similar to communications module 110 (FIG. 1). Communications module 1110 can include: (a) display module 1122; and (b) receiving module 1123. Display module 1122 can be identical or similar to display module 122 (FIG. 1). Display module 1122 can be configured to visually display information from or about the search results to the user (e.g., user 1106, etc.) on a web page or other display mechanism. Receiving module 1123 can be identical or similar to receiving module 123 (FIG. 1). Receiving module 1123 can be configured to receive the search parameters (i.e., trigger words) from users 1106, 1107, 1108, and/or 1109.

[00118] Organization module 1113 can be further configured to determine the information to display to the user (e.g., user 1106, etc.) information from a first source (e.g., source 1102, etc.), where the first source has a particular classification. In other examples, organization module 1113 can be part of communications module 1110. [00119] Communications network 1105 can be identical or similar to communications network 105 (FIG. 1). Communications network 1105 can be a combination of public and/or private computer networks. For example, communications network 1105 can include one or more of the Internet, an Intranet, local wireless or wired computer networks (e.g. a 4G (fourth generation) cellular network, etc.), wide area network (WAN), local area network (LAN), cellular telephone networks, or the like. In many embodiments, computer system 1100 communicates with users 1106, 1107, 1108, and 1109 and sources 1102, 1103, and 1104 using communications network 1105.

[00120] "Computer system 1100," as used herein, can refer to a single computing device such as a computer or server, and "computer system 1100" also can refer to a cluster or collection of computers or servers. Typically, a cluster or collection of servers can be used when the demands by client computers (e.g., users 1106, 1107, 1108, and 1109) are beyond the reasonable capability of a single server or computer. In many embodiments, the servers in the cluster or collection of servers are interchangeable from the perspective of the client computers.

[00121] In some examples, a single server can include communications module 1110, related search module 1111, topical module 1112, organization module 1113, results module 1114, preliminary results module 1115, and environment module 1116. In other examples, a first server can include a first portion of these modules. One or more second servers can include a second, possibly overlapping, portion of these modules. In these examples, computer system 1100 can comprise the combination of the first server and the one or more second servers.

[00122] In some examples, storage module 1117 can include information or indexes used by computer system 1100. The information can be stored on a structured collection of records or data, for instance, which is stored in storage module 1117. For example, the indexes stored in storage module 1117 can be an XML (Extensible Markup Language) database, a MySQL database, or an Oracle® database. In the same or different embodiments, the indexes could consist of a searchable group of individual data files stored in storage module 1117.

[00123] In various embodiments, operating system 1119 can be a software program that manages the hardware and software resources of a computer and/or a computer network. Operating system 1119 performs basic tasks such as, for example, controlling and allocating memory, prioritizing the processing of instructions, controlling input and output devices, facilitating networking, and managing files. Examples of common operating systems for a computer include Microsoft® Windows, Mac® operating system (OS), UNIX® OS, and Linux® OS.

[00124] FIG. 12 illustrates a flow chart of a method 1200 of generating search results from three or more sources (e.g., source 1102, 1103, and 1104 (FIG. 11), etc.) based upon one or more trigger words, according to an embodiment. Method 1200 is merely exemplary and is not limited to the embodiments presented herein. Method 1200 can be employed in many different embodiments or examples not specifically depicted or described herein. In some embodiments, the activities, the procedures, and/or the processes of method 1200 can be performed in the order presented. In other embodiments, the activities, the procedures, and/or the processes of method 1200 can be performed in any other suitable order. In still other embodiments, one or more of the activities, the procedures, and/or the processes in method 1200 can be combined or skipped.

[00125] In some examples, method 1200 also can be considered a method to editorialize results using qualitative traits of the content of search results or a method for displaying information to a user based upon one or more trigger words. Method 1200 also can be considered a method for qualitatively scoring text or textually tagged content or a method of organizing search results.

[00126] In some embodiments, method 1200 can apply a multiple step refinement process or feedback loop to determine search results and the organization of the search results based upon the user's purpose in performing the search results. Using additional information to clarify or better understand the user's purpose (e.g., the user's ideal results from the search, etc.) allows computer system 1100 (FIG. 11) to provide more relevant results than traditional search engines.

[00127] As a general, non- limiting example, computer system 1100 (FIG. 11) can first determine preliminary or potential search results based upon the search terms. These search results can be determined by many different conventional methods, such as by ranking search results based upon objective or quantifiable properties, such as the number of times the search term appears in the document, and/or the number of other web pages that link to the document.

[00128] Next, computer system 1100 (FIG. 11) can determine related queries or searches of other users to determine a purpose or topic of the user's search. For example, a user inputs the search terms "Soft Kitty," which is the name of a theme song from a popular television show. Other people have recently performed searches for "Soft Kitty lyrics" and "Soft Kitty MP3" and "Soft Kitty Song." Based on these recent related searches, computer system 1100 can presume that the user is most likely search for the "Soft Kitty" song, not pictures or information about cats. Using prior search results to refine or enlighten computer system 1100 as to the purpose of the search is not possible with traditional search engines. A traditional search engine would have to consult a database of all songs ever released (if such database even existed and if this song was in the database) to determine that a user was searching for a song title.

[00129] Similarly, search parameters starting with "who is" indicates that a search is for a person. If large numbers of people go searching for "who is severus snape" rather than consulting a database of people, computer system 1100 can determine that this is a person search. Combining this information with related searches "severus snape actor," "severus snape fan fiction" and "severus snape character" from other users tells computer system 1100 that Severus Snape is a fictional character. The necessity for having huge databases and keeping them up to date with a large staff or by purchasing data on an ongoing basis is eliminated by analyzing search trends from various users and applying natural language processing to determine what a "thing" is.

[00130] Furthermore, users rarely type all of the words of a search they are looking for because most search engines have a stop words list that ignores many words. For example, "how to make chili" is what a user searching for "make chili" is searching for. Using search trends, computer system 1100 can determine that many of the users who are searching for "make chili" are searching for "how to make chili" and that "make chili" is a subset of the longer search phrase. With this information, computer system 1100 can favor content that is detected as instructional.

[00131] The same technique can be used to identify "lord of the rings" as a movie, book, and reference topic because of searches for "lord of the rings books," "lord of the rings director" and other indicators from the searches of other users. Thus, the system can determine the intent or purpose of the search without having the complete search phrase.

[00132] Next, the search results can be further refined and/or the purpose of the search results can be further clarified by using environmental information related to current events or other information about what is trending to even further refine or clarify the search results. For example, a user can type in a search with a common name of a person. Computer system 1100 can use television guide data to determine that a popular show staring an actor with that name just ended on one of the major networks so computer system 1100 can use this environmental factor to bring to the top of the search results web page, information about that actor and the television show, even if that information would not have otherwise been at the top of the search results web page. In another example, computer system 1100 can use information about what is popular, hot, or trending on a social networking site to clarify or refine the purpose of a search.

[00133] Additionally, in some examples, the context or qualitative factors can be used to organize the search results in a manner or format that is best suited for the topic or type of search. For example, computer system 1100 can determine that the purpose of a user's search is to find information about a discussion of a topic. Computer system 1100 can organize the search results in a discussion format (e.g., a thread format, etc.) to allow the user to easily follow the discussion of the topic. This discussion of the topic does not have to take place in the comments of an article or in a thread on a single web page, but rather can be spread out over multiple independent web pages. Recognizing that conversations happen between authors on the web not only in the comments, but in actual posts on different websites, computer system 1100 can display content as "threads" even if those threads happen to be a different websites.

[00134] For example, a recent newspaper reported on its website about how a Tesla® automobile died during a test drive. The manufacturer of the automobile posted a response to the story on the manufacturer's website, not on the newspaper's website. The newspaper, then, wrote a second article on its website in response to the manufacturer's posting. Finally, several other media sources weighed in on the discussion between the newspaper and the automobile manufacturer. If a user performs a search for, for example, "tesla car controversy," computer system 1100 can group together the original newspaper story, the manufacturer's response, the second newspaper story, and the other articles about the controversy to show how they relate to each other, and the evolution of the story.

[00135] Referring to FIG. 12, method 1200 includes an activity 1251 of receiving one or more trigger words (e.g., "Soft Kitty", etc.) from the user. Referring back to FIG. 11, in some examples, one or more of users 1106 and/or 1107 can use a computing device to enter and/or transmit the trigger words to computer system 1100. In many examples, the trigger words are transmitted to computer system 1100 from user(s) 1106 and/or 1107 over communications network 1105 (e.g.., the Internet, or another computer network, etc.). [00136] In various embodiments, computer system 1100 can generate and/or display one or more web pages and/or other interfaces that user(s) 1106 and/or 1107 can use to submit or send the one or more to computer system 1100. For example, FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary interface 1500 where the trigger words can be entered by a user, according to the first embodiment. In the example of FIG. 15, one or more of users 1106 and/or 1107 (FIG. 11) can enter the trigger word(s) (e.g., "Soft Kitty", etc.) into a text box 1541 on interface 1500 (e.g., a web page, etc.). When the user clicks the submit button 1542, the user's computing device can transmit the trigger words to receiving module 1123 (FIG. 11) via communications network 1105 (FIG. 11).

[00137] Next, method 1200 of FIG. 12 includes an activity 1252 of determining potential or preliminary search results. In some examples, activity 1252 can include using the at least one computer processor to determine potential search results based upon the one or more trigger words. In various embodiments, preliminary results module 1115 (FIG. 11) can determine potential search results based upon the one or more trigger words.

[00138] In some examples, preliminary results module 1115 (FIG. 11) can use the trigger words ranked by quantitative scoring. That is, preliminary results module 1115 (FIG. 11) can rank the search results based upon objective or easily quantifiable properties (e.g., the number of times the search term appears in the document, the number of other web pages that link to the document, etc.). In many examples, preliminary results module 1115 (FIG. 11) can create potential search results that include at least two potential sources (e.g., source 1102 and 1103 (FIG. 11), etc.). In various examples, preliminary results module 1115 (FIG. 11) can assign a preliminary score to each of the potential search results based upon its relevance to the search. In other examples, preliminary results module 1115 (FIG. 11) can use other methods to determine the preliminary search results.

[00139] In a number of embodiments, the preliminary score assigned to each of the potential search results and/or the trigger words provided can be used by preliminary results module 1115 (FIG. 11) to determine a preliminary search type. For example, determining the preliminary search type can be identical or similar to activity 252 (FIG. 2) of determining a search type based upon trigger words. For example, if a user searches for "cupcake recipe," preliminary results module 1115 (FIG. 11) can determine that searches for a recipe are often a "how to" search type. As such, preliminary results module 1115 (FIG. 11) can determine that the search has a "how to" preliminary search type. [00140] As another example, a user, such as one or more of users 1006 or 1007, can search for "what is the president doing?" Preliminary results module 1115 (FIG. 11) can determine from the trigger words and/or the preliminary score assigned to each of the potential search results that the preliminary search type is a news search type. To determine whether a source is straight news or op-ed news, preliminary results module 1115 (FIG. 11) can analyze words used in the source for opinionated words. For example, describing a car as "small," is generally objective and not opinion. Describing a car as "puny," however, is generally an opinion.

[00141] As yet another example, a user can search for "what is the Xbox price?" Preliminary results module 1115 (FIG. 11) can determine from the trigger words and/or the preliminary score that the preliminary search type is a shopping search type.

[00142] Referring back to FIG. 12, method 1200 in FIG. 12 continues with an activity 1253 of determining related searches. In some examples, activity 1253 can include using the at least one computer processor to determine related searches. In various embodiments, related search module 1111 (FIG. 11) can determine potential search results based upon the one or more trigger words.

[00143] In some examples, computer system 1100 (FIG. 11) can store information about recent searches (e.g., search terms) in storage module 1117 (FIG. 11). As an example, the recent searches could have been performed within 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, or 240 minutes, 1 day, or 1 week of the current search. In many examples, natural language comparison algorithms can be used to compare the current search with recent searches. In various examples, related search module 1111 (FIG. 11) can access the information about recent searches and compare the recent search terms to the current search terms to determine to find related searches. In one embodiment, related search module 1111 (FIG. 11) can determine if the current search and any recent searches include one or more of the same trigger words. In the "who is severus snape" example, the current search has the common trigger words "severus snape" with several recent searches. In this case, the searches with trigger words: "severus snape actor," "severus snap fan fiction" and "severus snape character" would be considered related searches.

[00144] As another example, a user can search for "when was the president born?" Preliminary results module 1115 (FIG. 11) could determine in activity 1252 of determining potential search results that, based on the trigger words, "when" and "born," that the preliminary search type is encyclopedic. Similarly, a user can search for "when was strawberry shortcake born?" In this latter example, preliminary results module 1115 (FIG. 11) could likewise determine in activity of determining potential search results that, based on the trigger words, "when" and "born," that the preliminary search type is encyclopedic. In activity of determining related searches, however, related search module 1111 (FIG. 11) can determine that the common trigger words "strawberry shortcake" are often searched by users looking for fan sites, and by users looking for information on the brand or manufacturer. If preliminary scores for the information-based sites are higher than for fan sites, related search module 1111 (FIG. 11) can determine that instead of being an encyclopedic search type, the search type for "when was strawberry shortcake born?" should rather be a news search type.

[00145] In many embodiments, determination of the search type can be based on a score that is based not only the quantitative factors considered in activity 1252 of determining potential or preliminary search results, but is also based on related searches. For example, if a user searches for "cats and dogs," a quantitative approach can give greater points to sources that include both mentions of both "cats" and "dogs," than "cat" or "dogs" individually. In many embodiments, sources that have proven creditability or are otherwise determined to be trusted sources, can be assign greater points, as described above in relation to activity 253 (FIG. 2) of determining an editorial mix. For example, sources that are written by an author, have a table of contents, and/or have a social network, can be awarded greater points for having a greater likelihood of being a creditable source. Moreover, sources that include topics that are prevalent in related searches can be awarded greater points, as being more relevant. In many embodiments, determination of prevalence of a topic in related searches can be performed using conventional noun entity extraction and/or noun phrase extraction.

[00146] Method 1200 in FIG. 12 continues with an activity 1254 of determining environmental information related to the trigger words. In some examples, activity 1254 can include using the at least one computer processor to determine the environmental information related to the trigger words. In various embodiments, environment module 1116 (FIG. 11) can determine the environmental information.

[00147] In various embodiments, environmental information can include information regarding people, places, things, and events that are currently popular or trendy, newsworthy, or otherwise drawing interest of people. In some embodiments, environment module 1116 (FIG. 11) can determine if there is any environmental information that can help determine a purpose of the user's search. For example, many news articles in the last few hours could have been published about a formerly obscure politician name Wendy Smith, and the user does a search for "W. Smith." Environment module 1116 (FIG. 11) can determine that that this environmental information regarding Wendy Smith may be relevant to the purpose of the user's search. Traditional search engines do not make this connection, and consequently, when a user performs that search for "W. Smith," the search results would be improperly dominated with information about a famous actor named Will Smith.

[00148] In another example, if a movie will be released in a few days, environment module 1116 (FIG. 11) can determine that, if a user is searching for terms that include part of the movie title, the purpose of the search may be to find information about the movie.

[00149] In some examples, environment module 1116 (FIG. 11) can find the environmental information by searching commercial databases of information or various websites. The environmental information can include, for example information about movies, television shows, current events, politics, sports, theater, weather, trending or popular people or things, new products or services, and/or upcoming holidays or events.

[00150] In a number of embodiments, environment module 1116 (FIG. 11) can factor in the user's location, such as based on Geo-IP (Internet Protocol) address services. For example, if someone located in New York City enters a search that was determined, such as in activities 1252 and/or 1253 to have a search type of news, environment module 1116 (FIG. 11) can provide environment information, which can be used to favor results from news sources primarily serving the New York area.

[00151] In various embodiments, environment module 1116 (FIG. 11) can build a profile of the user's preferences and provide environment information as to those preferences. Exemplary preferences can include whether the user is politically right-leaning or left- leaning, the reading level of sources read by the user in the past, whether the user prefers encyclopedic sources over op-ed sources, the length of sources preferred by the user, and other suitable preferences.

[00152] In several embodiments, environment module 1116 (FIG. 11) can determine whether the user is using a computer or a mobile device. Many web pages have traditional and/or mobile formats. In various embodiments, environment module 1116 (FIG. 11) can provide environment information regarding the user's device type, which can be used to favor web page articles in formats corresponding the user' s device type.

[00153] Next, method 1200 of FIG. 12 includes an activity 1255 of determining the search results. In some examples, activity 1255 can include using the at least one computer processor to create the search results at least partially based upon one or more of the potential search results, the related searches information, and/or the environmental information. In some examples, results module 1114 (FIG. 11) can create a list of best results (i.e., the most relevant results for the user's purpose) based upon the scores for the potential search results.

[00154] In some examples, results module 1114 (FIG. 11) can use related search information and/or environmental information to determine potential purposes of the search. In the "Soft Kitty" example, results module 1114 (FIG. 11) can determine that the user is searching for the "Soft Kitty" song based on the related recent searches. In the "W. Smith" example, results module 1114 (FIG. 11) can determine the purpose of the search was to information about "Wendy Smith" using environmental information. In addition to determining the purpose of the search, results module 1114 (FIG. 11) also can determine the type of search using the related search information and/or environmental information.

[00155] As another example, the type of search can be used to create a list of best results. For example, for a search with a "how to" search type, the list of best results can predominantly include instructional, step-wise, and/or not opinionated sources. For a search with a news search type, the list of best results can predominantly include results that are a mix of straight news and op-ed news. As a further example, for a shopping search type, the list of best results can predominantly include sources for purchasing the product, such as an Xbox, along with the purchase price.

[00156] As yet another example, if someone located in New York City enters a search with a news search type, the environmental information can be used with the news search type to favor results from news sources primarily serving the New York City area. As a further example, environment information regarding the user's device type can be used to favor web page articles in formats corresponding the user's device type.

[00157] Results module 1114 (FIG. 11) can use the information regarding the purpose or search type to determine the best search results from the potential search results. In some examples, results module 1114 (FIG. 11) can choose potential search results related to the purpose or search type and rate this information as most relevant to the user's search.

[00158] Method 1200 in FIG. 12 continues with an activity 1256 of communicating the search results to the user. FIG. 13 illustrates a flow chart for an exemplary embodiment of activity 1256 of communicating the search results to the user, according to the first embodiment.

[00159] Referring to FIG. 13, activity 1256 includes a procedure 1371 of determining whether the search is related to a discussion topic. In some examples, topical module 1112 (FIG. 11) can determine if the search results are related to a specific discussion topic. For example, topical module 1112 (FIG. 11) can use the purpose of the search and search type, as determined in activity 1255 of FIG. 12, to determine whether the search is related to a discussion topic. A discussion topic can involve any subject matter. To be a discussion topic, an item should have two or more sources in which the authors of the sources have a conversation about an item. For example, a discussion topic could be a new product if two or more highly scored blogs are discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the new product. In a further example, a discussion topic could be based on back and forth articles about a political topic in two or more news web pages.

[00160] As yet another example, Samsung could release a press release regarding a new product. In response, the various authors could write articles about the Samsung press release and the new product. If a user searches for information regarding the newly announced product, topical module 1112 (FIG. 11) can determine that the search is related to the discussion topic of the Samsung press release.

[00161] Next, activity 1256 of FIG. 13 continues with a procedure 1372 of organizing one or more sources in the search results. In some examples, procedure 1372 can include organizing one or more elements of the search results based upon the discussion topic. In some examples, organization module 1113 (FIG. 11) can organize the search results in a discussion format. For example, organization module 1113 (FIG. 11) can group the two or more search results based upon a chronological order of the two or more search results in a discussion of the topic. In various examples, the grouping is performed independent of an authoritativeness of the two or more search results.

[00162] In some examples, organizing the sources in the search results can include determining an origin of the topic. For a discussion of a topic to take place, there should be an origin of the discussion topic (e.g., a first post on a website or blog about the topic, etc.). In the Tesla example, the origin is the original newspaper article about the test drive.

[00163] Next, organizing the sources in the search results can include determining one or more subsequent responses to the origin. In various examples, organization module 1113 (FIG. 11) can determine subsequent responses in the search results to the origin. In the Tesla example, the manufacturer's response, the second new article, and the stories by other media sources are the subsequent responses. In some examples, organization module 1113 (FIG. 11) can determine the chronological order of the subsequent responses. [00164] As another example, if Samsung released a press release regarding a new product, and various authors could wrote articles about the Samsung press release and the new product, including a New York Times article, and various authors wrote articles responding to and/or critiquing the New York Times article, the Samsung press release would be the origin, and all the other articles could be subsequent responses. Organization module 1113 (FIG. 11) can determine the ordering of responses by placing first the origin, followed by the New York Times article, followed by responses/critiques to the New York Times article, followed by other articles about the press release.

[00165] In other embodiments, for example when there is no discussion topic, organization module 1113 (FIG. 11) can include the predetermined mix of source types by picking the highest scoring references to fill the available positions in the search results. Additional slots of the search results pages can be filled in by the highest scoring reference, not already included in the search results.

[00166] Activity 1256 in FIG. 13 continues with a procedure 1373 of displaying the search results to the user. In some examples, procedure 1373 can include visually displaying the search results to the user on a web page. In some examples, display module 1122 (FIG. 11) can communicate the search results in a predetermined format (e.g., a web page) to one or more of users 1106 and/or 1107 (FIG. 11) via communications network 1105. In many examples, the search results can be visually displayed by display module 1122 (FIG. 11) using a display on a computing device of one or more of users 1106 or 1107.

[00167] In some examples, displaying the search results to the user can include displaying the origin of the topic to the user and, after displaying the origin of the topic, displaying the one or more subsequent responses. In some examples, procedure 1373 can include displaying a search results web page to the user with the origin of the topic and one or more subsequent responses, where the origin of the topic is displayed before displaying one or more subsequent responses on the search results web page. In many examples, the order of the two or more results in the discussion format are organized independent of a score for each of the two or more search results.

[00168] For the Samsung press release example, display module 1122 (FIG. 11) can order the responses by first displaying the origin at the top of a web page of search results, followed by the New York Times article, followed by responses/critiques to the New York Times article, followed by other articles about the press release. [00169] In some examples, displaying the results in a discussion format can include displaying the results in a tree format. In the tree format, a tall web page of content can be used, where subsequent responses are contain within indented blocks of text, with vertical lines drawn to indicate which block of text represents a subsequent response to another specific previous response or the origin. In other examples, a tree format and/or indents are not used, yet the organization, such as the topical organization, can be preserved and displayed.

[00170] In many embodiments, display module 1122 (FIG. 11) can display the source with a summary of the source. In many embodiments, the summary can be longer and/or more detailed than the snippets that are often displayed in conventional search results.

[00171] FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary search results web page 1400 for the "nokia rim patent" search, according to an embodiment. In this example, organization module 1113 (FIG. 11) has organized the search results in a discussion format using a tree format. Specifically, web page 1400, as depicted, includes a source 1401 , which is an origin, and sources 1402, which are subsequent responses to the origin.

[00172] In another example, displaying the results in a discussion format can include displaying the results using a quotation system. In the quotation system, a subsequent post (including all or portions of the original post or previous responses to which it is a reply) is presented within an indented (or otherwise differently styled) block of text and included in the reply posting. The intention of the quotation system is to alert the reader that the response was inspired by the reply of quoted text.

[00173] After procedure 1373, activity 1256 and method 1200 (FIG. 12) can be complete.

[00174] Turning ahead in the drawings, FIG. 16 illustrates a flow chart for a method 1600 of providing two or more search results, according to an embodiment. In some examples, method 1600 also can be considered a method to editorialize results using qualitative traits of the content of search results or a method for displaying information to a user based upon one or more trigger words. Method 1600 also can be considered a method for qualitatively scoring text or textually tagged content or a method of organizing search results.

[00175] In some embodiments, method 1600 can apply a multiple step refinement process or feedback loop to determine search results and the organization of the search results based upon the user's purpose in performing the search results. Method 1600 can be similar to method 1200 (FIG. 12) and/or method 1256 (FIG. 13), and various activities of method 1600 can be identical or similar to various activities of method 1200 (FIG. 12) and/or method 1256 (FIG. 13).

[00176] Method 1600 is merely exemplary and is not limited to the embodiments presented herein. Method 1600 can be employed in many different embodiments or examples not specifically depicted or described herein. In some embodiments, the activities, the procedures, and/or the processes of method 1600 can be performed in the order presented. In other embodiments, the activities, the procedures, and/or the processes of method 1600 can be performed in any other suitable order. In still other embodiments, one or more of the activities, the procedures, and/or the processes in method 1600 can be combined or skipped.

[00177] Referring to FIG. 16, method 1600 can include an activity 1601 of receiving at least one search parameter from a search query of a first user. Activity 1601 can be identical or similar to activity 1251 (FIG. 12) of receiving one or more trigger words. Referring back to FIG. 11, in some examples, one or more of users 1106 and/or 1107 can use a computing device to enter and/or transmit the one or more trigger words to computer system 1100. In many examples, the trigger words are transmitted to computer system 1100 from one or more of users 1106 and/or 1107 over communications network 1105 (e.g.., the Internet, or another computer network), as described above.

[00178] Method 1600 of FIG. 16 also can include an activity 1602 of determining potential search results based upon the at least one search parameter. In some examples, activity 1602 can be identical or similar to activity 1252 (FIG. 12) of determining potential search results. In various embodiments, preliminary results module 1115 (FIG. 11) can determine potential search results based upon the one or more trigger words. In some examples, preliminary results module 1115 (FIG. 11) can use the trigger words ranked by quantitative scoring, as described above.

[00179] Method 1600 also can include an activity 1603 of determining one or more related searches from one or more second users. Activity 1603 can be identical or similar to activity 1253 (FIG. 12). In some embodiments, related search module 1111 (FIG. 11) can be configured to determine one or more related searches from one or more second users 1108 and/or 1109. In various embodiments, activity 1603 can include comparing the at least one search parameter of one or more recent searches to determine the one or more related searches. [00180] Method 1600 also can include an activity 1604 of determining two or more search results at least partially based upon the at least one search parameter and the one or more related searches. Activity 1604 can be identical or similar to activity 1255 (FIG. 12) of determining the search results. In some examples, results module 1114 (FIG. 11) can create a list of best results (i.e., the most relevant results for the user's purpose, etc.) based upon the scores for the potential search results. In various embodiments, activity 1604 can include using the one or more related searches to determine a purpose of the search query of the first user. In several embodiments, activity 1604 can include using the purpose of the search query to determine the two or more search results from three or more potential search results. In some embodiments, using the one or more related searches to determine the purpose of the search query of the first user can include performing natural language processing to the search parameter and two or more search parameters of the one or more related searches to determine the purpose of the search query of the first user.

[00181] Method 1600 also can include an activity 1605 of determining that the two or more search results are related to a topic. Activity 1605 can be identical or similar to procedure 1371 (FIG. 13) of determining whether the search is related to a discussion topic. In some examples, topical module 1112 (FIG. 11) can determine if the search results are related to a specific discussion topic. A discussion topic can involve any subject matter. To be a discussion topic, an item can have two or more sources in which the authors of the sources have a conversation about an item, as described above.

[00182] Method 1600 also can include an activity 1606 of organizing the two or more search results based upon the topic. Activity 1606 can be identical or similar to procedure 1372 (FIG. 13) of organizing one or more sources in the search results. In some examples, activity 1606 can include organizing one or more elements of the search results based upon the discussion topic. In a number of examples, organization module 1113 (FIG. 11) can organize the search results in a discussion format. Activity 1606 can include organizing the two or more search results into a discussion format. In several embodiments, activity 1606 can include grouping the two or more search results based upon a chronological order of the two or more search results in a discussion of the topic. In certain embodiments, the grouping can be performed independent of an authoritativeness of the two or more search results.

[00183] In many embodiments, activity 1606 can include determining an origin of the topic, which can be among the two or more search results. Activity 1606 also can include determining one or more subsequent responses to the origin of the topic, in which the subsequent responses can be among the two or more search results. In a number of embodiments, activity 1606 also can include displaying the origin of the topic to the first user, and after displaying the origin of the topic, displaying the one or more subsequent responses to the first user. In certain embodiments, the origin of the topic and the subsequent responses can be displayed to the first user via a search results web page, such as search results web page 1400 (FIG. 14), such as by displaying the origin of the topic before the one or more subsequent responses, as shown in FIG. 14. Alternatively, or in addition to, activity 1606 in FIG. 16 can involve organization module 1113 (FIG. 11) grouping the two or more search result based upon a chronological order of the two or more search results in a discussion of the topic.

[00184] Method 1600 also can include an activity 1607 of displaying the two or more search results to the first user. Activity 1607 can be identical or similar to procedure 1373 (FIG. 13) of displaying the search results to the user. In some examples, activity 1607 can include visually displaying the search results to the user on a web page. In some examples, display module 1122 (FIG. 11) can communicate the search results in a predetermined format (e.g., a web page) to one or more of users 1106 and/or 1107 (FIG. 11) via communications network 1105. In many examples, the search results can be visually displayed by display module 1122 (FIG. 11) using a display on a computing device of one or more of users 1106 and/or 1107.

[00185] In some examples, activity 1607 can include displaying the two or more search results to the first user in the discussion format. In a number of embodiments, a presentation order of the two or more results in the discussion format can be organized independent of a score for each of the two or more search results. In several embodiments, the score for each of the two or more search results can be based upon a relevance of a search results to the at least one search parameter.

[00186] Turning ahead in the drawings, FIG. 17 illustrates a box diagram of a computer system 1700 configured to sell targeted web-based advertising and/or determine that content matches targeted words and/or contextual senses, according to an embodiment. Computer system 1700 can be similar to computer system 100 (FIG. 1) and/or computer system 1100 (FIG. 11), and/or one or more components of computer system 1700 can be identical or similar to one or more components of computer system 100 (FIG. 1) and/or computer system 1700 (FIG. 17). Computer system 1700 is merely exemplary and is not limited to the embodiments presented herein. Computer system 1700 can be employed in many different embodiments or examples not specifically depicted or described herein.

[00187] Referring to FIG. 17, in some embodiments, computer system 1700 can be configured to sell targeted web-based advertising and/or determine that content matches targeting words and/or contextual senses specified from users 1706 and/or 1709, in response to searches performed by users 1707 and/or 1708 for information (e.g., web pages, documents, databases) stored by sources 1702, 1703, and/or 1704.

[00188] In some examples, computer system 1700 (e.g., a search engine) can include:

(a) a communications module 1710 configured to receive search words from one or more users 1707 and/or 1708, to communicate the search results to one or more users 1707 and/or 1708, and receive targeted advertising campaigns from one or more users 1706 and/or 1709;

(b) an advertisement module 1711 configured to receive advertising from one or more users 1706 and/or 1709; (c) a context determination module 1712 configured to determine that the contextual senses of contextual words; (d) a commerce module 1713 configured to receive payment or a promise for payment from user 1706 or 1709; (e) a target matching module 1714 configured to determine a matching of content with a targeted advertising campaign; (f) a category module 1715 configured to determine categories of corpus content from among sources 1702, 1703, and 1704; (g) a cluster module 1716 configured to determine cluster words from categories of cluster content and score cluster words in unknown content; (h) a storage module 1717; (i) a computer processor 1718; and/or (j) an operating system 1719.

[00189] Communications modules 1710 can be similar to communications module 110 (FIG. 1) and/or communications module 1100 (FIG. 11). Communications module 1710 can include: (a) context display module 1722; (b) receiving module 1723; and (c) context receiving module 1724. Context display module 1722 can be similar to display module 122 (FIG. 1) and/or display module 1122 (FIG. 11). Receiving module 1723 can be similar to receiving module 123 (FIG. 1) and/or receiving module 1123 (FIG. 11).

[00190] Communications network 1705 can be identical or similar to communications network 105 (FIG. 1) and/or communications network 1105 (FIG. 11). Communications network 1705 can be a combination of public and/or private computer networks. For example, communications network 1705 can include one or more of the Internet, an Intranet, local wireless or wired computer networks (e.g. a 4G (fourth generation) cellular network, etc.), wide area network (WAN), local area network (LAN), cellular telephone networks, or the like. In many embodiments, computer system 1700 communicates with users 1706, 1707, 1708, and 1709 and sources 1702, 1703, and 1704 using communications network 1705.

[00191] "Computer system 1700," as used herein, can refer to a single computing device such as a computer or server, and "computer system 1700" also can refer to a cluster or collection of computers or servers. Typically, a cluster or collection of servers can be used when the demands by client computers (e.g., users 1706, 1707, 1708, and 1709) are beyond the reasonable capability of a single server or computer. In many embodiments, the servers in the cluster or collection of servers are interchangeable from the perspective of the client computers. Computer system 1700 can be identical or similar to computer 900 (FIG. 9)

[00192] In some examples, a single server can include communications module 1710, advertisement module 1711, context determination module 1712, commerce module 1713, target matching module 1714, category module 1715, and cluster module 1716. In other examples, a first server can include a first portion of these modules. One or more second servers can include a second, possibly overlapping, portion of these modules. In these examples, computer system 1700 can comprise the combination of the first server and the one or more second servers.

[00193] In some examples, storage module 1717 can include information or indexes used by computer system 1700. The information can be stored on a structured collection of records or data, for instance, which is stored in storage module 1717. For example, the indexes stored in storage module 1717 can be an XML (Extensible Markup Language) database, a MySQL database, or an Oracle® database. In the same or different embodiments, the indexes could consist of a searchable group of individual data files stored in storage module 1717.

[00194] In various embodiments, operating system 1719 can be a software program that manages the hardware and software resources of a computer and/or a computer network. Operating system 1719 performs basic tasks such as, for example, controlling and allocating memory, prioritizing the processing of instructions, controlling input and output devices, facilitating networking, and managing files. Examples of common operating systems for a computer include Microsoft® Windows, Mac® operating system (OS), UNFX® OS, and Linux® OS.

[00195] FIG. 18 illustrates a flow chart of a method 1800 for selling targeted web- based advertising, according to an embodiment. Method 1800 is merely exemplary and is not limited to the embodiments presented herein. Method 1800 can be employed in many different embodiments or examples not specifically depicted or described herein. In some embodiments, the activities, the procedures, and/or the processes of method 1800 can be performed in the order presented. In other embodiments, the activities, the procedures, and/or the processes of method 1800 can be performed in any other suitable order. In still other embodiments, one or more of the activities, the procedures, and/or the processes in method 1800 can be combined or skipped.

[00196] Referring to FIG. 18, method 1800 can include an activity 1801 of receiving an advertisement from a user. In various embodiments, advertisement module 1711 (FIG. 17) can receive the advertisement from a user, such as user 1706 (FIG. 17) or user 1709 (FIG. 17). The advertisement can be a text-based advertisement, a URL link, a graphical display, or any combination thereof.

[00197] Next, method 1800 can include an activity 1802 of receiving one or more targeted words from the user. In several embodiments, communications module 1710 (FIG. 17) can receive, such as through receiving module 1723 (FIG. 17), one or more targeted words from a user, such as user 1706 (FIG. 17) or user 1709 (FIG. 17). In some examples, user 1706 (FIG. 17) or user 1709 (FIG. 17) can use a computing device to enter and/or transmit the targeted words to computer system 1700 (FIG. 17). In many examples, the targeted words are transmitted to computer system 1700 (FIG. 17) from user 1706 (FIG. 17) or user 1709 (FIG. 17) over communications network 1705 (FIG. 17), such as the Internet or another computer network.

[00198] In various embodiments, computer system 1700 can generate and/or display one or more web pages and/or other interfaces that user 1706 (FIG. 17) and/or user 1709 (FIG. 17) can use to submit or send the one or more to computer system 1700 (FIG. 17). For example, FIGs. 19-25 illustrates an exemplary interface in which user can submit various information to computer system 1700 (FIG. 17). Specifically, FIG. 21 illustrates an exemplary interface 2100 in which users can submit targeted words to computer system 1700 (FIG. 17).

[00199] As an example, a user can represent a company that makes a fish oil supplement in a capsule that wants to target people who are considering fish for health reasons, instead of those who are interested in fish for their aquariums or who are interested in fishing. The user can enter the word "fish" as a targeted word.

[00200] Next, method 1800 of FIG. 18 can include an activity 1803 of determining one or more contextual words from among the one or more targeted words. Each of the one or more contextual words have two or more contextual senses. In a number of embodiments, context determination module 1712 (FIG. 17) can perform activity 1803 of determining one or more contextual words from among the one or more targeted words. For example, context determination module 1712 (FIG. 17) can determine that "fish" has multiple contextual senses, and can determine that fish is a contextual word. Specifically, fish can have five contextual senses, including three nouns and two verbs:

Noun

(n) fish (any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills) "the shark is a large fish"; "in the living room there was a tank of colorful fish."

(n) fish (the flesh of fish used as food) "in Japan most fish is eaten raw"; "after the scare about foot-and-mouth disease a lot of people started eating fish instead of meat"; "they have a chef who specializes in fish."

(n) Pisces, Fish ((astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Pisces).

Verb

(v) fish, angle (seek indirectly) "fish for compliments."

(v) fish (catch or try to catch fish or shellfish) "I like to go fishing on weekends."

[00201] In many embodiments, context module determination 1712 (FIG. 17) can use a dictionary to determine words with multiple word senses that are contextual words. In various embodiments, context determination module 1712 (FIG. 17) can identify over 350,000 contextual word senses based on dictionary word senses. In a number of embodiments, context determination module 1712 (FIG. 17) can determine that two or more adjacent target words are a noun phrase with a specific meaning. For example, as shown in exemplary interface 2100 in FIG. 21, described below, context determination module 1712 (FIG. 17) can determine that "stock market performance" include the noun phrase "stock market," which has a certain predefined meaning. Context determination module 1712 (FIG. 17) can also determine that the target words "stock market performance" includes the contextual word, "performance," which has multiple contextual senses.

[00202] Referring back to FIG. 18, method 1800 in FIG. 18 can continues with an activity 1804 of sending to the user each of the two or more contextual senses for each of the one or more contextual words. In many embodiments, context display module 1722 (FIG. 17) can display the contextual senses for each of the contextual words to user 1706 (FIG. 17) and/or user 1709 (FIG. 17). An exemplary interface for displaying the contextual senses for each of the contextual words is shown in FIG. 21, described below.

[00203] For example, as shown in FIG. 21, upon context determination module 1712 (FIG. 17) determining in activity 1803 that "performance" is a contextual word with multiple contextual senses, context display module 1722 (FIG. 17) can display the contextual senses for the contextual word "performance," such as (1) "a dramatic or musical entertainment"; (2) "the act of presenting a play or piece of music or other entertainment"; (3) "the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it"; (4) "any recognized accomplishment"; (5) "process or manner of functioning or operating"; and (6) "the measure of success of a person, action, or thing."

[00204] As another example, for the contextual word "fish," context display module 1722 (FIG. 17) can display (1) "an aquatic vertebrate"; (2) "the flesh of fish as food"; (3) "a Pisces"; (4) "to seek indirectly"; and (5) "to catch or try to catch fish."

[00205] Method 1800 can continue with an activity 1805 of receiving from the user one or more contextual sense selections for each of the one or more contextual words. In a number of embodiments, context receiving module 1724 (FIG. 17) can receive the one or more contextual sense selections from the user, such as user 1706 (FIG. 17) and/or user 1709. In several embodiments, the user, such as user 1706 (FIG. 17) and/or user 1709 (FIG. 17) can select from among the two or more contextual senses displayed by context display module 1722 (FIG. 17) in activity 1804. For example, as shown in FIG. 21, described below, the user can select one or more of the six contextual senses displayed by context display module 1722 (FIG. 17). The user can thus select one or more of the meanings of the contextual word "performance" to target with the advertisement received in activity 1801.

[00206] For the company seeking to advertise fish oil pills to those interested in fish for health reasons, the user can select the "flesh of fish as food" contextual sense of the contextual word "fish." Computer system 1700 (FIG. 17) can thus advantageously target the word "fish" only in that single contextual sense rather than including the other four irrelevant senses in the targeted advertising.

[00207] Method 1800 of FIG. 18 can continue with an activity 1806 of receiving from the user a payment or promise for payment based on one or more predetermined uses of the advertisement when the advertisement is displayed with one or more web pages. In a number of embodiments, commerce module 1713 (FIG. 17) can receive the payment or promise for payment from the user, such as user 1706 (FIG. 17) and/or user 1709 (FIG. 17). The payment or promise for payment can be based on one or more predetermined uses of the advertisement, such as whenever the advertisement is displayed with a web page, whenever the advertisement is displayed a certain number of times (impressions) with various web pages, whenever a user, such as user 1707 (FIG. 17) and/or user 1708 (FIG. 17), clicks on the advertisement when it is displayed with a web page, or whenever users, such as user 1707 (FIG. 17) and/or user 1708 (FIG. 17), click a certain number of times on the advertisement when it is displayed with web pages. The predetermined uses described are merely exemplary, and other predetermined uses of the advertisement can be the basis for the advertising payment or promise for payment.

[00208] In a number of embodiments, the advertisement is displayed with one or more web pages based on a matching of the one or more web pages with the one or more targeted words and the one or more contextual sense selections of each of the one or more contextual words. In other words, the advertisement can be displayed with a web page that matches the targeting specified by the user through the targeted words in activity 1802 and the contextual sense selections in activity 1805. In some embodiments, the one or more web pages with which the advertisement is displayed can be a search result web page, a content web page, an automated content programming web page, or any combination thereof.

[00209] For example, a search result web page can include search results with links to content web pages based on a user's web search, such as a search performed through interface 300 (FIG. 3) or interface 1500 (FIG. 15), and the search result web page can be similar to search results web page 800 (FIG. 8) and/or search results web page 1400 (FIG. 14). The advertisement can be displayed as part of the search results web page, such as search results web page 800 (FIG. 8) and/or search results web page 1400 (FIG. 14).

[00210] In certain embodiments, the advertisement can be displayed with the search results web page when the search query that produced the search results web page matches the targeted words and the contextual sense selections. In other embodiments, the advertisement can be displayed with the search results web page when the targeted words and the contextual sense selections of each of the contextual words matches at least one of the search results listed on the search results web page, such that content from at least one web page linked from the search result web page matches the targeted words and the contextual sense selections of each of the contextual words.

[00211] A content web page can be displayed with the advertisement based on the content of the web page matching the targeted words and the contextual sense selections of each of the contextual words. An automated content programming web page can include links to content that is targeted to a web user based on the user's web profile. For example, Yahoo.com can include links to various articles that are provided to a user based on the user's preferences. The automated content programming web page can include advertisements based on the content of the articles matching the targeted words and the contextual sense selections of each of the contextual words.

[00212] In a number of embodiments, the matching of the web pages with the targeted words and the contextual sense selections of each of the contextual words can be performed by target matching module 1714 (FIG. 17). In a number of embodiments, target matching module 1714 can determine the contextual sense in which a contextual word in used in a content web page to determine whether or not to match the advertisement to the content web page, a search result web page including a link to the content web page, or an automated content programming web page including a link to the content web page. For example, target matching module 1714 (FIG. 17) can utilize method 2600 (FIG. 26) and/or method 2700 (FIG. 27), both described below. Content web pages can be included in sources of information 1702 (FIG. 17), 1703 (FIG. 17), and/or 1704 (FIG. 17).

[00213] In additional embodiments, method 1800 can include various other activities. For example, method 1800 can include an activity of receiving from the user one or more content type selections, such as whether the user targets content on blogs, journals, news, oped pieces, encyclopedic articles, reviews, forums, social media, etc., or a combination thereof. In a number of embodiments, the web pages displayed with the advertisement can match the one or more content type selections. In certain embodiments, target matching module 1714 (FIG. 17) can determine whether the web pages match the content type selection, and can use the techniques described above in connection with classification module 113 (FIG. 1) and/or preliminary results module 1115 (FIG. 11). In a number of embodiments, the content type selections can be received through an interface, such as exemplary interface 1900, shown in FIG. 19, described below.

[00214] Method 1800 also can include an activity of receiving from the user one or more content authority selections. For example, the user, such as user 1706 (FIG. 17) and/or user 1709 (FIG. 17), may wish to target the advertisement only on blogs and news sources with medium to high creditability. In a number of embodiments, the user can select a range of content authority selections, such as the range from medium authority to high authority. In a number of embodiments, the web pages displayed with the advertisement can match the one or more content authority selections. In certain embodiments, target matching module 1714 (FIG. 17) can determine whether the web pages match the content authority selection, such as by using the techniques described above in connection with activity 253 (FIG. 2) of determining an editorial mix and/or activity 1253 (FIG. 12) of determining related searches. In a number of embodiments, the content authority selections can be received through an interface, such as exemplary interface 2000, shown in FIG. 20, described below.

[00215] Method 1800 also can include an activity of receiving from the user one or more sentiment selections. For example, the user, such as user 1706 (FIG. 17) and/or user 1709 (FIG. 17) may wish to target the advertisement only on positive sources. In a number of embodiments, the user can select a range of sentiment selections, such as the range from slightly positive to very positive. In a number of embodiments, the web pages displayed with the advertisement can match the one or more sentiment selections. In certain embodiments, target matching module 1714 (FIG. 17) can determine whether the web pages match the sentiment selection, such as by using the techniques described above in connection with classification module 113 (FIG. 1). In a number of embodiments, the content authority selections can be received through an interface, such as exemplary interface 2200, shown in FIG. 22, and exemplary interface 2400, shown in FIG. 24, both described below.

[00216] Method 1800 also can include an activity of receiving from the user one or more reading level selections. For example, the user, such as user 1706 (FIG. 17) and/or user 1709 (FIG. 17) may wish to target the advertisement only on sources with at least a sixth- grade reading level . In a number of embodiments, the user can select a range of reading level selections, such as the range from sixth-grade to college reading level. In a number of embodiments, the web pages displayed with the advertisement can match the one or more reading level selections. In certain embodiments, target matching module 1714 (FIG. 17) can determine whether the web pages match the reading level selection, such as by using the techniques described above in connection with classification module 113 (FIG. 1).

[00217] Method 1800 also can include an activity of receiving from the user one or more objectivity selections. For example, the user, such as user 1706 (FIG. 17) and/or user 1709 (FIG. 17) may wish to target the advertisement only on reviews that are objective. In a number of embodiments, the user can select a range of objectivity selections, such as the range from subjective to opinion. In a number of embodiments, the web pages displayed with the advertisement can match the one or more objectivity selections. In certain embodiments, target matching module 1714 (FIG. 17) can determine whether the web pages match the objectivity selection, such as by using the techniques described above in connection with classification module 113 (FIG. 1) and/or preliminary results module 1115 (FIG. 11).

[00218] Method 1800 also can include an activity of receiving from the user one or more demographic selections. For example, the user, such as user 1706 (FIG. 17) and/or user 1709 (FIG. 17) may wish to target the advertisement only to users of a certain age range and of a certain sex. In a number of embodiments, the user can select a range of demographic selections, such as a male in the range from age 18— '54. In a number of embodiments, advertisement can be displayed with web pages viewed only by those matching the one or more demographic selections. In certain embodiments, target matching module 1714 (FIG. 17) can determine whether user, such as user 1707 (FIG. 17) or user 1708 (FIG. 17) viewing the web page meets the demographic criteria selected, such as by using stored profiles of web users, such as user 1707 (FIG. 17) or user 1708 (FIG. 17). In a number of embodiments, the demographic selections can be received through an interface, such as exemplary interface 2500, shown in FIG. 25, described below.

[00219] With the targeted words, contextual senses of the contextual words, as well as other targeted selections, such as content type selections, content authority selections, sentiment selections, reading level selections, objectivity selection, and demographic selections, computer system 1700 (FIG. 17) can beneficially target the advertisement with great specificity and granularity. For example, as user can target advertisements to "positive fish reviews of restaurants in Seattle written at a college level," or "encyclopedic/scientific documents about the fish of North America."

[00220] In certain embodiments, method 1800 also can include an activity of generating for the user a performance report for the targeted web-based advertising. In many embodiments, the performance report can describe for the user the number of impressions and/or clicks based on the targeted selections. In a number of embodiments, the performance reports can display how the number of impressions and/or clicks would have been different based on different targeted selections.

[00221] Turning ahead in the drawings, FIGs. 19-25 illustrate progressive exemplary interfaces 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, and 2500, respectively, for a user to enter a targeted advertising campaign. In a number of embodiments, the interface described can replace simple keyword targeting/matching in existing ad campaign platforms. The interface can be a natural language ad-targeting technology. For example, a user who is an advertising manager for a precious metals broker can want to take advantage of negative news and commentary about recent poor performance of the stock market. The user can first specify or upload their advertisement and/or other creative assets within the host ad targeting platform, such as in activity 1801 (FIG. 18). For this example, the user would like to target content that is news, op-ed, or blogs, with medium to high authority, that discusses "stock market performance" in a negative to neutral way, "stock alternatives" in a neutral to positive way, and "precious metals" in a positive way, to males ages 18-54.

[00222] As shown in FIG. 19, exemplary interface 1900 can include a target sites list 1910, which can allow the user to select content type selections. The user can select one or more types of content, including but not limited to blogs, journals, news, op-eds, encyclopedic, reviews, forums, social media, etc.

[00223] As shown in FIG. 20, after selecting the content type to target in target sites list 1910, exemplary interface 2000 can include site authority selector 2020, which can allow the user to select content authority selections. The user can thus fine-tune the relative authority of content and content domains used for targeting the ads. A sliding scale from "LOW" to "HIGH" can be presented, allowing the user to move arrows to define a range of authority from medium to high.

[00224] As shown in FIG. 21 , after selecting the content authority selections, exemplary interface 2100 can include a targeted object form field 2130, which can allow the user to enter one or more targeted words. For example, the user can enter "stock market performance," such as in activity 1802 (FIG. 18). In activity 1803 (FIG. 18), context determination module 1712 (FIG. 17) can use conventional noun phrase extraction to recognize that "stock market" is a noun phrase with only one sense. Context determination module 1712 (FIG. 17) can also determine that "performance" is a contextual word that may have several contextual senses. Proceeding to activity 1804 (FIG. 18), interface 2100 can present the user with a drop-down list of noun sense options to allow the user to select one or more contextual sense selections for each contextual word. For example, a contextual word can be displayed in field 2131 , and drop down list 2132 can display the contextual senses of the contextual word selected in field 2131.

[00225] Specifically, drop-down list 2132 can include noun senses of the contextual word "performance" displayed in field 2131, including noun senses such as (1) "a dramatic or musical entertainment"; (2) "the act of presenting a play or piece of music or other entertainment"; (3) "the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it"; (4) "any recognized accomplishment"; (5) "process or manner of functioning or operating"; and (6) "the measure of success of a person, action, or thing."

[00226] As shown in FIG. 22, after selecting a targeted object through the targeted words and/or the contextual sense selections, exemplary interface 2200 can include a sentiment selector 2240, which can allow the user to refine the content targeting for the object. A sliding scale from "NEGATIVE" to "POSITIVE" can be presented, which can allow the user to move arrows to define a range of authority from negative to neutral.

[00227] After a sentiment selection is chosen, the user can add additional targeted objects for more refined targeting, such as by selecting add object button 2250. For example, by selecting the add object button 2250, as shown in FIG. 22, a new targeted object form field 2351 can appear on exemplary interface 2300, as shown in FIG. 23, which can allow the user to enter additional targeted words. For example, the user can enter "stock alternatives," such as in activity 1802 (FIG. 18). In activity 1803 (FIG. 18), context determination module 1712 (FIG. 17) can determine that "stock" can be a contextual word with multiple contextual senses, and display the word in field 2352, and can determine that "alternatives" is not a contextual word. Proceeding to activity 1804 (FIG. 18), a drop-down list 2353 of noun-sense contextual sense options can be presented for the word "stock," allowing the user to select one or more contextual sense selection for the contextual word.

[00228] Specifically, drop-down list 2353 can include noun senses of the contextual word "stock" displayed in field 2352, including noun senses such as (1) "the capital raised by a corporation through the issue of shares entitling holders to an ownership interest"; (2) the merchandise that a shop has on hand"; (3) "the handle of a handgun or the butt end of a rifle or shotgun"; (4) "a certificate documenting the shareholder's ownership in the corporation"; (5) "a supply of something available for future use"; (6) "the descendants of one individual"; (7) "a special variety of domesticated animals within a species"; (8) "liquid in which meat and vegetables are simmered"; (9) "the reputation and popularity a person has"; (10) "persistent thickened stem of a herbaceous perennial plant a plant or stem onto which a graft is made"; (11) "any of several Old World plants cultivated for their brightly colored flowers"; (12) "any of various ornamental flowering plants of the genus Malcolmia"; (13) "lumber used in the construction of something"; (14) "the handle end of some implements or tools"; and (15) "any animals kept for use or profit."

[00229] As shown in FIG. 24, after selecting another targeted object through the targeted words and/or the contextual sense selections in FIG. 23, exemplary interface 2400 can include a sentiment selector 2440, which can be identical or similar to sentiment selector 2240, and which can allow the user to refine the content targeting for the new object. A sliding scale from "NEGATIVE" to "POSITIVE" can be presented, which can allow the user to move the arrows to define a range of authority from neutral to positive.

[00230] After a sentiment selection is chosen, the user can add additional targeted objects for more refined targeting, such as by selecting add object button 2250, as described above. For example, by selecting the add object button 2250, a new targeted object form field 2460 can appear on exemplary interface 2400, as shown in FIG. 24, which can allow the user to enter additional targeted words. For example, the user can enter "precious metals," such as in activity 1802 (FIG. 18). In activity 1803 (FIG. 18), context determination module 1712 (FIG. 17) can determine that "precious metals" is a noun phrase and that there are no contextual words that need to be resolved.

[00231] As shown in FIG. 24, after selecting the targeted object for "precious metals," exemplary interface 2400 can include a sentiment selector 2441, which can be identical or similar to sentiment selector 2240 and/or sentiment selector 2440, and which can allow the user to refine the content targeting for the new object. A sliding scale from "NEGATIVE" to "POSITIVE" can be presented, which can allow the user to move the arrows to define a range of authority from neutral to positive. After a sentiment selection is chosen, the user can add additional targeted objects for more refined targeting. In this example, the user is finished with defining targeted objects and associated sentiment targeting.

[00232] As shown in FIG. 25, exemplary interface 2500 can include a demographics selector 2570, which can allow the user to select one or more demographic selections. For example, as shown in FIG. 25, the user can target males ages 18-54. As shown in FIG. 25, exemplary interface 2500 also can include a bid selector 2580, which can allow the user to bid for cost-per-click bidding or cost-per-thousand impressions bidding, for example.

[00233] In other embodiments, advanced users can input the targeting campaign illustrated in FIGs. 19-25 by use of natural language processing, which can advantageously speed up the process of creating a targeted campaign. For example, the user can type in "target content that is news, op-ed, or blogs with medium to high authority, that discusses stock market performance in a negative to neutral way, stock alternatives in a neutral to positive way, and precious metals in a positive way." Computer system 1700 (FIG. 17) can generate the form fields in interfaces 1900 (FIG. 19), 2000 (FIG. 20), and 2100 (FIG. 21) with the appropriate input. The user can then select the appropriate noun senses and/or other additional information for the ad targeting campaign.

[00234] Turning head in the drawings, FIG. 26 illustrates a flow chart of a method 2600 for determining that a content web page uses a certain contextual sense of a contextual word, according to an embodiment. Method 2600 is merely exemplary and is not limited to the embodiments presented herein. Method 2600 can be employed in many different embodiments or examples not specifically depicted or described herein. In some embodiments, the activities, the procedures, and/or the processes of method 2600 can be performed in the order presented. In other embodiments, the activities, the procedures, and/or the processes of method 2600 can be performed in any other suitable order. In still other embodiments, one or more of the activities, the procedures, and/or the processes in method 2600 can be combined or skipped.

[00235] Referring to FIG. 26, method 2600 can include an activity 2601 of determining one or more categories of corpus content that use the contextual word in the given contextual sense. In various embodiments, category module 1715 (FIG. 17) can determine the categories of corpus content using the contextual word in the given contextual sense. Of content on the Internet, such as from sources of information 1702 (FIG. 17), 1703 (FIG. 17), and 1704 (FIG. 17), many web pages are known to be in predetermined categories. For example, web directory services, such as Yahoo's web directory service, as well as ad services categories, classify millions of documents from the Internet. These documents are corpus content, and categories of the corpus content can be used to determine other words that are commonly found in documents that use a contextual word in a certain contextual sense. For example, all of the articles on http://sushiday.com/ are about the "flesh of fish" contextual sense of the contextual word "fish." On the other hand, all of the articles on http://www.bassmaster.com/ are about the "aquatic vertebrate" contextual sense of the contextual word "fish."

[00236] Next, method 2600 can include an activity 2602 of determining cluster words in the one or more categories of corpus content. In many embodiments, cluster module 1716 (FIG. 17) can determine cluster words in the categories of corpus content by building frequency tables to track how often certain other words accompany the contextual word, as used in the given contextual sense. For example, "fish" in the verb sense of "catch or try to catch fish" is often used with words such as pole, water, boat, dock, and weeds. The other verb sense offish,", however, is not often used with those cluster words, and is more commonly used with words such as compliments and praise. For the noun contextual senses of "fish" when used as "a Pisces," "fish" is often accompanied by cluster words, such as Pisces, star, and sign. For the noun contextual sense of "fish" when used as "the flesh of fish," cluster words can include rice, broil, fry, sear, soy, and glaze. For the noun contextual sense of "fish" when used as "aquatic vertebrate," cluster words can include pole, dock, boat, and aquarium. In many embodiments, cluster words can be located within the same document as the contextual word. In some embodiments, cluster words can be located within the same paragraph as the contextual word. In several embodiments, cluster words can be located within the same sentence as the contextual word. In a number of embodiments, cluster words can receive additional points in the frequency table based on the proximity of the cluster word to the contextual word. For example, the frequency score can increase for being in the same sentence or the same paragraph. In many embodiments, in order to be categorized as a contextual word, a neighboring word must exceed a frequency threshold. The frequency threshold can be different for different contextual words, based on the relative frequencies of neighboring words in corpus content.

[00237] Next, method 2600 can include an activity 2603 of determining that the content web page uses the contextual word. If the content web page does not use the contextual word, it is not a match. In many embodiments, determining that the content web page uses of the contextual word includes determining that the content web page uses the contextual word in the same lexical category (e.g., noun, verb, adjective, adverb, etc.) as the given contextual sense of the contextual word. For example, any of several conventional natural language processing systems can be used to determine if a word is used as a noun, verb, adjective, adverb, etc. The contextual word would likely be one of the four main lexical categories of noun, verb, adjective, and adverb. It would be rare that one would want to advertise based on a preposition, conjunction, etc. Matching the lexical category of the word can increase the effectiveness of determining if the content web page is a match with the given contextual sense of the contextual word.

[00238] Next, method 2600 can include an activity 2604 of determining that the content web page includes at least a portion of the cluster words and exceeds a cluster words score threshold. In a number of embodiments, cluster module 1716 (FIG. 17) can determine that the content web page includes at least some of the cluster words associated with the contextual word, as determined in activity 2602. In some cases, the frequency of the cluster words in the content web page, and/or the proximity of the cluster words to the contextual word, can increase the cluster words score. If the cluster words score exceeds a certain threshold, cluster module 1716 (FIG. 17) can determine that the content web page uses the contextual word in the given contextual sense. In a number of embodiments, the cluster word score for the given contextual sense of the contextual word can be compared against the cluster word score for other contextual senses of the contextual word to determine in which contextual sense the contextual word is used.

[00239] Turning head in the drawings, FIG. 27 illustrates a flow chart of a method 2700 for determining a derived contextual sense of a contextual word in a content web page, according to an embodiment. Method 2700 is merely exemplary and is not limited to the embodiments presented herein. Method 2700 can be employed in many different embodiments or examples not specifically depicted or described herein. In some embodiments, the activities, the procedures, and/or the processes of method 2700 can be performed in the order presented. In other embodiments, the activities, the procedures, and/or the processes of method 2700 can be performed in any other suitable order. In still other embodiments, one or more of the activities, the procedures, and/or the processes in method 2700 can be combined or skipped.

[00240] Referring to FIG. 27, method 2700 can include an activity 2701 of determining a first contextual sense of each first neighboring word that has only a single contextual sense. In many embodiments, context determination module 1712 (FIG. 17) can determine which words neighboring the contextual word have only a single contextual sense. A neighboring word can be a word within the same sentence, within the same paragraph, or within the same document.

[00241] Many words only have a single contextual sense. But some words have multiple senses, but can be readily narrowed down to having been used in a single contextual sense. For example, the noun fish can be used as a creature or food. The food could be cooked in water, and the creature can live in water, so water is a common neighboring word in both contextual senses. Some neighboring words are rarely used in both contexts. Eggs, for example, are something the creature lays, and the food could be prepared with. But eggs (the food) and eggs (the method of reproduction) will be associated differently. As such, a first activity in method 2700 is identifying the neighboring words having only a single contextual sense, or in which the contextual sense is easily determined.

[00242] For example, a snippet of the content web page can state: "The platypus lays eggs. Being a carnivore, its diet consist of crabs, insects, worms, clams, fish, and frogs." Platypus has only one sense (aquatic species). Carnivore has two senses, but both are related to eating meat (one being a classification of mammal, and the other being a dietary classification). The use of carnivore and a list of animals tells us that the current context is that of animals, and thus that egg is in that context.

[00243] Another technique looks can be quicker, but not as accurate. For example, consider the snippet, "Being a carnivore, its diet consists of crabs, insects, clams, fish, and frogs." Detecting the list "crabs, insects, words, clams, fish, and frogs," indicates that the list is made up of alike things. Only the word senses for animals makes all of these things alike, so the sense of each word can be determined.

[00244] Next, method 2700 of FIG. 27 can include an activity 2072 of determining second contextual senses of each second neighboring word that has two or more contextual senses. In many embodiments, context determination module 1712 (FIG. 17) can determine which words neighboring the contextual word have multiple contextual senses.

[00245] Next method 2700 of FIG. 27 can include an activity 2703 of determining the derived contextual sense of the contextual word based on a scoring of the first contextual senses of the first neighboring words and the second contextual senses of the second neighboring words. In many embodiments, context determination module 1712 (FIG. 17) can determine the derived contextual sense of the contextual word.

[00246] With as many words being identified as possible, it is often possible to determine the likely sense of the remaining words based on probability of exclusion. For example, consider the snippet having the word contextual senses shown in angle brackets, "Platypus <creature> eat <verb: food, consume, worry, corrode> fish <food or creature> such as salmon <food, creature, or color>." In this case, even though it is likely that platypus will eat the fleshy meat of the fish, the sense in which fish is used is in the creature sense, as platypus do not prepare their food. For scoring, there are three votes for creature, based on the only contextual sense of platypus, one of the contextual senses of eat, and one of the contextual senses of fish. There are also three votes for food, based on one of the contextual senses of eat, one of the contextual senses of fish, and one of the contextual senses of salmon. But platypus and the contextual sense of creature begins sentence, which gives the context of the sentence, thus resolving the contextual words fish and salmon to be the used in the contextual sense of creature.

[00247] As another example, consider the snippet, "Attendees <person> eat <verb: food, consume, worry, corrode> fish <food or creature> such as salmon <food, creature, or colorx" For scoring, there are three votes for the contextual sense of food, and two votes for the contextual sense of food, thus resolving the contextual word "fish" as having a contextual sense of "food."

[00248] In many embodiments, scoring can consider neighboring words in the same document, in the same paragraph, or in the same sentence. In some embodiments, neighboring words can receive higher scoring based on the proximity of the neighboring word to the contextual word. In a number of embodiments, a higher score can be assigned based on the neighboring words being in the same sentence as the contextual word.

[00249] Turning head in the drawings, FIG. 28 illustrates a flow chart of a method 2800 for selling targeted search result advertising, according to an embodiment. Method 2800 is merely exemplary and is not limited to the embodiments presented herein. Method 2800 can be employed in many different embodiments or examples not specifically depicted or described herein. In some embodiments, the activities, the procedures, and/or the processes of method 2800 can be performed in the order presented. In other embodiments, the activities, the procedures, and/or the processes of method 2800 can be performed in any other suitable order. In still other embodiments, one or more of the activities, the procedures, and/or the processes in method 2800 can be combined or skipped.

[00250] Referring to FIG. 28, method 2800 can include an activity 2801 of receiving an advertisement for a product or service from a user. Activity 2801 can be similar to activity 1801 (FIG. 18). In some embodiments, advertisement module 1711 (FIG. 17) can receive the advertisement for the product or service from the user, such as user 1706 (FIG. 17) and/or user 1709 (FIG. 17). FIG. 29 illustrates an exemplary interface 2900 for receiving target search result advertising, according to an embodiment. Interface 2900 can include an advertisement field 2910, which can allow the user to enter the name of the product or service, an advertisement for the product or service, and/or a link to an advertising web page. For example, a user might want to sell PetAg Pet Lac Puppy Milk Replacement, and can enter that product name in advertisement field 2910.

[00251] Next, method 2800 of FIG. 28 can include an activity 2802 of receiving one or more descriptive words from the user. In a number of embodiments, the descriptive words can include one or more noun phrases. In a number of embodiments, communications module 1710 (FIG. 17) can receive the descriptive words from the user, such as through receiving module 1723 (FIG. 17). In some embodiments, the user, such as user 1706 (FIG. 17) and/or user 1709 (FIG. 17), can enter the descriptive words through descriptive word fields in interface 2900 (FIG. 29). For example, descriptions of the PetAg Pet Lac Puppy Milk Replacement can include (1) "Puppy Milk Replacemet"; (2) "Puppy Formula"; (3) "Newborn Puppy Nutrition"; (4) "milk replacement powder"; (5) "puppy weaning"; and (6) "weaning nutrition."

[00252] Next, method 2800 of FIG. 28 can include an activity 2803 of receiving from the user a payment or promise for payment based on one or more predetermined uses of the advertisement when the advertisement is displayed with one or more search result web pages. Activity 2803 can be similar to activity 1806. In a number of embodiments, commerce module 1713 (FIG. 17) can receive the payment or promise for payment from the user, such as user 1706 (FIG. 17) and/or user 1709 (FIG. 17). The payment or promise for payment can be based on one or more predetermined uses of the advertisement, such as whenever the advertisement is displayed with a web page, whenever the advertisement is displayed a certain number of times (impressions) with various web pages, whenever a user, such as user 1707 (FIG. 17) and/or user 1708 (FIG. 17), clicks on the advertisement when it is displayed with a web page, or whenever users, such as user 1707 (FIG. 17) and/or user 1708 (FIG. 17), click a certain number of times on the advertisement when it is displayed with web pages. The predetermined uses described are merely exemplary, and other predetermined uses of the advertisement can be the basis for the advertising payment or promise for payment. For example, the bid entered in a bid field 2930 of interface 2900 in FIG. 29 can be used as a promise for payment based on a cost-per-click.

[00253] In many embodiments, the advertisement can be displayed with the search results web pages based on a matching of at least one web page linked from each of the one or more search result web pages and having the one or more descriptive words. Many web search companies sell keyword advertising for search results based on the words in the search query. Method 2800, by contrast, allows advertisers to purchase targeted advertising based on words in the search results, i.e., the web pages linked from the search result web page.

[00254] For example, a user could search the web for "What do you feed newborn puppies?" Under conventional advertising systems, the advertiser would need to select keywords such as "newborn puppies feed" in order to target this search result web page. Many search queries are esoteric, such as "how to feed pup with dead mother" or "bitch died what do I feed babies," and deriving a list of keywords to cover all such situations would require a list of hundreds or thousands of keywords. Furthermore, this exhaustive list of keywords would likely target queries covering more than merely puppy milk replacement. As such, it is advantageously simpler, more efficient, and more accurate for the advertiser to target the known phrases, such as noun phrases, and a few synonyms, that are contained in the common search results. For example, the advertiser can instead target "milk replacer" or "puppy formula" in the search results.

[00255] In a number of embodiments, the matching of the web page search results with the targeted words and the contextual sense selections of each of the contextual words can be performed by target matching module 1714 (FIG. 17). In a number of embodiments, target matching module 1714 can determine the contextual sense in which a contextual word in used in a content web page to determine whether or not to match the advertisement to the web page. For example, target matching module 1714 (FIG. 17) can utilize method 2600 (FIG. 26) and/or method 2700 (FIG. 27). Content web pages can be included in sources of information 1702 (FIG. 17), 1703 (FIG. 17), and/or 1704 (FIG. 17).

[00256] Method 2800 also can include activities, such as receiving one or more content type selections, content authority selections, sentiment selections, reading level selections, objectivity selection, demographic selection, etc., similarly as explained in method 1800 (FIG. 18).

[00257] Although the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Accordingly, the disclosure of embodiments of the invention is intended to be illustrative of the scope of the invention and is not intended to be limiting. It is intended that the scope of the invention shall be limited only to the extent required by the appended claims. For example, to one of ordinary skill in the art, it will be readily apparent that activities 251-258 of FIG. 2, procedures 471- 474 of FIG. 4, procedures 771-772 of FIG. 7, activities 1251-1256 of FIG. 12, procedures 1371- 1373 of FIG. 13, activities 1601-1607 of FIG. 16, activities 1801-1806 of FIG. 18, activities 2601-2604 of FIG. 26, activities 2701-2703 of FIG. 27, and activities 2801-2803 of FIG. 28 may be comprised of many different activities, procedures and be performed by many different modules, in many different orders, that any element of FIGs. 1-29 may be modified, and that the foregoing discussion of certain of these embodiments does not necessarily represent a complete description of all possible embodiments.

[00258] All elements claimed in any particular claim are essential to the embodiment claimed in that particular claim. Consequently, replacement of one or more claimed elements constitutes reconstruction and not repair. Additionally, benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described with regard to specific embodiments. The benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any element or elements that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced, however, are not to be construed as critical, required, or essential features or elements of any or all of the claims, unless such benefits, advantages, solutions, or elements are stated in such claim.

[00259] Moreover, embodiments and limitations disclosed herein are not dedicated to the public under the doctrine of dedication if the embodiments and/or limitations: (1) are not expressly claimed in the claims; and (2) are or are potentially equivalents of express elements and/or limitations in the claims under the doctrine of equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for selling targeted web-based advertising, the method being implemented via execution of computer instructions configured to run at one or more processing modules and configured to be stored at one or more non-transitory memory storage modules, the method comprising:

receiving an advertisement from a first user;

receiving one or more targeted words from the first user;

determining one or more contextual words from among the one or more targeted words, wherein each of the one or more contextual words has two or more contextual senses; sending to the first user each of the two or more contextual senses for each of the one or more contextual words;

receiving from the first user one or more contextual sense selections for each of the one or more contextual words; and

receiving from the first user a payment or promise for payment based on one or more predetermined uses of the advertisement when the advertisement is displayed with one or more web pages, the advertisement being displayed with the one or more web pages based on a matching of the one or more web pages with the one or more targeted words and with the one or more contextual sense selections of each of the one or more contextual words.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the one or more web pages comprise at least one of: a search result web page, a content web page, or an automated content programming web page.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the one or more web pages comprise one or more search result web pages, wherein:

the matching of the one or more search result web pages with the one or more targeted words and with the one or more contextual sense selections of each of the one or more contextual words comprises matching at least one web page linked from each of the one or more search result web pages with the one or more targeted words and with the one or more contextual sense selections of each of the one or more contextual words.

4. The method of claim 1 further comprising: receiving from the first user one or more content type selections, wherein:

the one or more web pages displayed with the advertisement match the one or more content type selections.

5. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

receiving from the first user one or more content authority selections, wherein:

the one or more web pages displayed with the advertisement match the one or more content authority selections.

6. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

receiving from the first user one or more sentiment selections, wherein:

the one or more web pages displayed with the advertisement match the one or more sentiment selections.

7. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

receiving from the first user one or more reading level selections, wherein:

the one or more web pages displayed with the advertisement match the one or more reading level selections.

8. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

receiving from the first user one or more objectivity selections, wherein:

the one or more web pages displayed with the advertisement match the one or more objectivity selections.

9. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

receiving from the first user one or more demographic selections, wherein:

the advertisement is displayed to one or more second users matching the one or more demographic selections.

10. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

generating for the first user a performance report for the targeted web-based advertising.

11. A method for determining that a content web page uses a first contextual sense of a contextual word, the method being implemented via execution of computer instructions configured to run at one or more processing modules and configured to be stored at one or more non-transitory memory storage modules, the method comprising:

determining one or more categories of corpus content that use the contextual word in the first contextual sense;

determining cluster words in the one or more categories of corpus content, wherein the cluster words exceed a frequency threshold;

determining that the content web page uses the contextual word; and

determining that the content web page includes at least a portion of the cluster words and exceeds a cluster words score threshold.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein:

determining that the content web page uses the contextual word comprises determining that the content web page uses the contextual word in the same lexical category as the first contextual sense of the contextual word.

13. A method for determining a derived contextual sense of a contextual word in a content web page, the method being implemented via execution of computer instructions configured to run at one or more processing modules and configured to be stored at one or more non-transitory memory storage modules, the method comprising:

determining a first contextual sense of each first neighboring word having only a single contextual sense;

determining second contextual senses of each second neighboring word having two or more contextual senses; and

determining the derived contextual sense of the contextual word based on a scoring of the first contextual senses of the first neighboring word or words and the second contextual senses of the second neighboring word or words.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein:

determining the derived contextual sense of the contextual word comprises assigning higher scores in the scoring based on the first neighboring word or words or the second neighboring word or words being in the same sentence as the contextual word.

15. A method for selling targeted search result advertising, the method being implemented via execution of computer instructions configured to run at one or more processing modules and configured to be stored at one or more non-transitory memory storage modules, the method comprising:

receiving an advertisement for a first product or service from a first user;

receiving one or more descriptive words from the first user; and

receiving from the first user a payment or promise for payment based on one or more predetermined uses of the advertisement when the advertisement is displayed with one or more search result web pages, the advertisement being displayed with the one or more search result web pages based on a matching of at least one web page linked from each of the one or more search result web pages, the at least one web page having the one or more descriptive words.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein:

the one or more descriptive words include one or more noun phrases.

17. The method of claim 15 further comprising:

receiving from the first user one or more content type selections, wherein:

the at least one web page linked from each of the one or more search result web pages matches the one or more content type selections.

18. The method of claim 15 further comprising:

the at least one web page linked from each of the one or more search result web pages matches the one or more content authority selections.

19. The method of claim 15 further comprising:

receiving from the first user one or more sentiment selections, wherein:

the at least one web page linked from each of the one or more search result web pages matches the one or more sentiment selections.

20. The method of claim 15 further comprising: receiving from the first user one or more reading level selections, wherein:

the at least one web page linked from each of the one or more search result web pages matches the one or more reading level selections.

21. The method of claim 15 further comprising:

receiving from the first user one or more objectivity selections, wherein:

the at least one web page linked from each of the one or more search result web pages matches the one or more objectivity selections.

22. A system configured to sell targeted web-based advertising, the system comprising:

one or more processing modules; and one or more non-transitory memory storage modules storing computing modules configured to run on the one or more processing modules, the computing modules comprising:

an advertisement module configured to receive an advertisement from a first user; a communications module configured to receive one or more targeted words from the first user;

a context determination module configured to determine one or more contextual words from among the one or more targeted words, wherein each of the one or more contextual words has two or more contextual senses;

a context display module configured to send to the first user each of the two or more contextual senses for each of the one or more contextual words;

a context receiving module configured to receive from the first user one or more contextual sense selections for each of the one or more contextual words; and

a commerce module configured to receive from the first user a payment or promise for payment based on one or more predetermined uses of the advertisement when the advertisement is displayed with one or more web pages, the advertisement being displayed with the one or more web pages based on a matching of the one or more web pages with the one or more targeted words and with the one or more contextual sense selections of each of the one or more contextual words.