WO2017153167A1

WO2017153167A1 - Method for producing wedge-shaped, thermoplastic films and use thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2017153167A1
Application number: PCT/EP2017/054029
Authority: WO
Inventors: Wojciech KLUCZEWSKI; Stephan GIER; Stefan Lücke
Original assignee: Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority date: 2016-03-11
Filing date: 2017-02-22
Publication date: 2017-09-14
Also published as: CN107614233A

Abstract

The invention relates to a continuous method for producing a wedge-shaped, thermoplastic film (1), comprising the method steps of (A) unwinding a flat, thermoplastic film (2) from a supply roll (3) and transporting same onwards to a heating drum (4), (B) heating the plastics film (2) with a heating drum (4) and transporting same onwards to compression rollers (5), (C) pressing the plastics film (2) in the nip (5.1) between two heated compression rollers (5), wherein the nip (5.1) has a clear width (5.2) which corresponds to the cross-sectional profile (1.1) of the plastics film (1) to be produced, and transporting same onwards to a stretching apparatus (6), (D) stretching the plastics film (1) with a wedge-shaped cross-sectional profile (1.1) in the stretching apparatus and transporting the plastics film (1) onwards to a cooling apparatus (7), (E) cooling the plastics film (1) in the cooling apparatus (7) and transporting same onwards to a cutting apparatus (8), and (F) cutting the plastics film (1) to the desired dimensions in the cutting apparatus (8), and also relates to a method for producing a composite (9) of two panes (10) with a plastics film (1) or at least two plastics films (1a) as intermediate layer, and to a transparent composite (9) produced in such a way and the use thereof.

Description

Process for producing wedge-shaped, thermoplastic plastic films and their

use

The present invention relates to a process for producing wedge-shaped, thermoplastic plastic films.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to composites of at least two discs with a connecting intermediate layer of at least one wedge-shaped, thermoplastic film.

Last but not least, the present invention relates to the use of the composites.

Laminated glass (VGS) are nowadays used in many places, especially in vehicle construction. The term vehicle includes, inter alia, road vehicles, aircraft, ships, agricultural machinery or implements.

Laminated glass panels are also used in other areas. These include, for example, building glazings or information displays, e.g. in museums or as advertising displays.

In this case, a laminated glass pane generally has two glass surfaces or disks, which are laminated to an intermediate layer. The discs themselves may have a curvature and are usually of constant thickness. The intermediate layer typically comprises a thermoplastic material, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), of a predetermined thickness, e.g. 0.76 mm, on.

Since the laminated glass panels are often inclined with respect to a viewer, there are double images. These double images are due to the fact that incident light usually does not completely pass through both discs, but that at least part of the light is reflected and only then passes through the second disc.

These double images are particularly noticeable in the dark, especially in strongly irradiating light sources, such as the headlights of an oncoming vehicle. These double images are extremely disturbing and a security problem.

Often laminated glass is also used as a head-up display (HUD) to display information. In this case, an image is projected onto the laminated glass panes by means of a projection device in order to show the viewer information in the field of view. In the vehicle sector, the projection device is e.g. arranged on the dashboard, so that the projected image is reflected on the nearest glass surface of the inclined towards the viewer laminated glass in the direction of the viewer (see, for example, the European patent EP 0 420 228 B1 or the German patent application DE 10 2012 21 1 729 A1) ,

Here again some of the light enters the laminated glass and is now e.g. at the inner boundary layer of the glass surface lying further outward from the viewer and the intermediate layer reflects and then exits offset from the laminated glass. Again, there is a similar effect, the effect of the ghosting, on the image to be displayed.

A pure classical compensation of ghost images leads to overcompensation for double images in transmission. This leads to irritating the respective observer or, in the worst case, receiving misinformation. So far, an attempt is made to solve this problem by the fact that the surfaces of the discs are no longer parallel, but arranged at a fixed angle. This is achieved, for example, in that the intermediate layer is wedge-shaped with a continuously linear and / or non-linearly increasing and / or decreasing thickness. In the automotive industry, the thickness is typically varied so that the smallest thickness is provided at the lower end of the laminated glass pane toward the engine compartment, while the thickness increases toward the roof.

Laminated glass panes of this type having a wedge-shaped intermediate layer and the optical laws on which they are based are known per se and are described, for example, in International Patent Applications WO 2015/086234 A1 and WO 2015/086233 A1, US Pat. Nos. 8,451,541 B2, 7,060,343 B2, US Pat. No. 6,881,472 B2, US Pat. No. 6,636,370 B2 and US Pat. No. 5,013,134 or German Offenlegungsschriften DE 10 2007 095 323 A1, DE 196 1 1 483 A1 and DE 195 35 053 A1.

The required wedge angle profile and the resulting thickness profile of the intermediate layer must be calculated separately for each disk shape. So far, that will Thickness profile according to the invention achieved by using a corresponding slot nozzle in the extrusion of the film, or by targeted stretching of the heated film with a corresponding temperature profile. But it is also possible to produce by subsequent removal of the film, the desired thickness profile. These methods can also be combined by, for example, producing the thickness profile in one direction through a corresponding slot die during extrusion and in the other direction by subsequently correspondingly stretching the film.

In this type of production, however, problems arise.

When the produced film webs are wound into rolls for storage and shipping, the rolls assume an increasingly conical shape, which leads to difficulties in handling and transporting the rolls. In order to avoid these difficulties, it is known from European patent EP 0 647 329 B1 to produce film webs which have a uniform thickness profile and a subsequent wedge-shaped thickness profile at both edges over a width of at least 20% of the belt width Center of the film web extends. These film webs, which are wedge-shaped only in the midfield, can then be wound onto conventional cylindrical cores up to a length of about 300 m. The webs are severed for further processing in the middle, cut to the desired shape and so merged with the individual glass panes, that the wedge-shaped part of the web lies in the lower area of the windshield by the HU D-view window is located. In this method, but the outstanding parts of the films must be removed with a uniform thickness profile and disposed of as unusable waste.

From the translation of European patents EP 1 063 205 B1, DE 699 05 020 T2, a method for producing an interlayer film for laminated glass is known, in which the starting composition for the interlayer film is fed to a production line comprising an extruder, an extrusion die, a first cooling pressure roller and a second cooling pressure roller, wherein the two cooling pressure rollers each have a clear width, which is corrected according to the desired cross-sectional profile of the intermediate layer film to be produced. In this method, however, there is a risk that the thermoplastic in the cooling pressure rollers cools too much, whereby unsatisfactory results are achieved. In addition, there are problems when wedge-shaped thermoplastic films with comparatively large wedge angles in the order of, for example, 0.6 mrad to be produced.

International patent application WO 2006/122305 discloses a continuous process for producing a wedge-shaped, thermoplastic plastic film of PVB. The plastic film can also be constructed of several superimposed films. The plastic film is fed to a heated calender where it is spread and stretched to the desired thickness. The gap of the calender may have a clear width that corresponds to the cross-sectional profile of the wedge-shaped thermoplastic film. As a result, the wedge-shaped thermoplastic resin film is stretched, cooled and cut. Information on the temperature at which the known method is to be carried out, however, missing.

A similar process is disclosed in Japanese Published Patent Application JP 2000-044296A. It is described herein that the PVB film is heated to 100 to 130 ° C by a plurality of heating rollers which zigzag the PVB film. The heated film is further guided through the gap between two unheated rollers, giving it a wedge-shaped cross-section. Whether the wedge-shaped PVB film is stretched is not apparent from Japanese patent application. Before cutting, the warm PVB film is cooled to -2 ° C.

US Pat. No. 2,933,759 discloses an apparatus for stretching plastic films for the intermediate layers of laminated glass panes for automobiles. Whether these plastic films are wedge-shaped, is not specified.

European Patent Application EP 2 905 127 A1 discloses a process for the production of laminated glass laminates from a laminated body comprising a plasticizer-containing and a low-plasticizer polyvinyl acetal film. The two films can each have a wedge-shaped thickness profile and be used in car windshields for head-up displays. Again, there is no information on the temperature at which the known method is to be performed.

German Patent Application DE 101 12 935 A1 discloses a disk arrangement, in particular for a motor vehicle side window, which has at least one flat, optically transparent element curved in at least one plane. The planar element has a wedge shape in its surface plane, wherein a wedge angle in the direction of extends through a normal of the element and a line of sight of a vehicle occupant plane. Details of the production of the wedge-shaped element are not apparent from the German patent application.

In contrast, the object of the present invention is to find a novel process for producing wedge-shaped plastic films as intermediate layers for laminated glass, which is precise, flexible in terms of shaping and material saving and provides wedge-shaped plastic films, which also in horizontally and vertically curved laminated glass panes, such. Panoramic slices, double images and ghosting effectively suppressed.

These and other objects are achieved according to the proposal of the invention by the method having the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are given by the features of the subclaims.

The production process according to the invention is based on flat, thermoplastic plastic films.

The flat property also includes the substantially flat property. Here and below, the term "substantially" means that the quantity in question deviates from the exact value to an extent that does not affect the application-technical profile.

Preferably, the flat, thermoplastic plastic films are transparent. Transparent in the sense of the invention is then understood to be a plastic film which has a transmission in the visible spectral range> 70%. For plastic films for the vehicle sector, which are not in the traffic-relevant field of view of a driver, for example for roof windows, but the transmission can also be much lower, for example> 5%.

Preferably, the flat, thermoplastic plastic films are colorless. In particular, they are clear.

Preferably, the flat, thermoplastic plastic films are made of thermoplastics selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP), polyacrylate, polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetal resins, casting resins, polyacrylates, fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers, polyvinyl fluoride, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymers and copolymers and mixtures. In particular, PVB is used.

The thickness of the flat, thermoplastic plastic films can vary widely and depends primarily on the intended use. The flat, thermoplastic plastic films can be formed by one or by a plurality of flat, thermoplastic plastic films arranged one above the other, the thickness of the flat, thermoplastic plastic films preferably being from 100 μm to 2000 μm, and typically from 380 mm to 760 μm.

The width of the flat, thermoplastic plastic films can vary widely and are perfectly adapted to the respective intended use. Preferably, the flat thermoplastic films are 0.25 to 4 meters wide. However, they can also be wider than 4 m for custom-made products.

The flat, thermoplastic plastic films are unwound from a supply roll and transported to a heating drum on.

The heating drum preferably has a stainless steel surface which is anti-adhesive. The heating drum heats the unwound, flat, thermoplastic plastic films to a temperature which is above the glass transition temperature and below the melting temperature of the respective thermoplastic material to be processed. In the case of PVB, this is preferably heated to a temperature of 70 to 100 ° C.

The heated, flat, thermoplastic films are transported to the nip between two heated platens. The pressure rollers preferably have a stainless steel surface and are non-sticky. In addition, they may have an embossed pattern which serves to preserve the surface roughness of the wedge-shaped thermoplastic resin films. The length of the pressure rollers corresponds at least to the width of the respective processed, heated, flat, thermoplastic plastic films. The heated pressure rollers have a temperature which is also above the glass transition temperature and below the melting temperature of each to be processed, flat, thermoplastic film. The gap of the heated pressure rollers has a clear width which corresponds to the cross-sectional profile of the produced, wedge-shaped, thermoplastic plastic film. Preferably, the clear width corresponds to a cross-sectional profile of the wedge-shaped, thermoplastic plastic films with a wedge angle of 0.01 mrad to 0.7 mrad, preferably from 0.1 mrad to 0.3 mrad.

The resulting nip-pressed, warm, thermoplastic, wedge-shaped cross-sectional plastic films are conveyed to a stretching apparatus where they are stretched. Preferably, a stretching cone is used as a stretching device with which the wedge film is brought into shape. For the purposes of the invention, the expression that a film is stretched also means that the wedge film is shaped.

The stretched, warm, wedge-shaped, thermoplastic films are transported to a cooler where they are cooled to a temperature of 0 ° C to 20 ° C. As cooling devices, cooling rolls, cooling tables or cold air blowers can be used.

The cooled, wedge-shaped, thermoplastic films are fed to a cutting device where they are cut to the appropriate sizes. The cutting device may be a mechanical device with cutting knives or a laser cutting device.

The cut, wedge-shaped, thermoplastic plastic films can be easily stored until further processing.

The cut, wedge-shaped, thermoplastic plastic films can be used in many ways. Preferably, they are used to produce re-releasable or permanent composites of at least two transparent and / or opaque discs having at least one intermediate layer of at least one wedge-shaped, thermoplastic plastic film.

For this purpose, in a first alternative, a cut, wedge-shaped, thermoplastic plastic film is placed between two opaque or transparent panes, which have one or no non-stick surface, after which the resulting assembly is hot-pressed. If the surface is not anti-adhesive, the result is a permanent connection between the two panes, ie a composite. If the Surface is non-sticky equipped, the composite is again soluble, which may be advantageous for specific uses.

In a second alternative, at least two congruent, wedge-shaped, thermoplastic plastic films are precisely superposed and placed between two opaque or transparent panes, which have one or no non-sticky surface. Subsequently, the assembly is hot pressed, resulting in a re-releasable or permanent composite with a wedge-shaped, thermoplastic plastic film. The wedge angle of this wedge-shaped thermoplastic film is equal to or substantially equal to the sum of the two wedge angles of the original wedge-shaped thermoplastic films.

In the case of the releasable composite, the two discs can be detached from the wedge-shaped, thermoplastic plastic film, so that it can be used elsewhere. In this way it is possible to produce wedge-shaped, thermoplastic plastic films with a wedge angle> 0.3 mrad.

With this method, permanent composites can be produced whose wedge-shaped, thermoplastic plastic film likewise has a wedge angle of> 0.3 mrad, for example 0.6 mrad.

For the production of the composites by hot pressing advantageously a Vorverbundverfahren (Kalanderwalzen-, snake or vacuum bag method) is used. The method can be supported by an autoclave method.

The discs themselves may be opaque or transparent depending on their function. They may be constructed of materials selected from the group consisting of wood, paper, metal, plastic and glass, and mixtures and composites of these materials. Particular preference is given to using glass and / or plastic as the transparent material.

The first pane and / or the second pane of the transparent composite pane preferably contains glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass or soda-lime glass, or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, Polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and / or mixtures thereof. The thickness of the transparent panes can vary widely and thus be perfectly adapted to the requirements of the individual case. Preferably, panes with the standard thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 25 mm, preferably from 1.4 mm to 3 mm for vehicle glass and preferably from 4 mm to 25 mm are used for furniture, devices and buildings, in particular for electric radiators. The size of the discs can vary widely and depends on the size of the device according to the invention. The first pane and optionally the second pane have, for example, in vehicle construction and in the architectural field, conventional areas of 200 cm ² to 20 m ² .

The transparent pane may have any three-dimensional shape. Preferably, the three-dimensional shape has no shadow zones, so that it can be coated, for example, by sputtering. Preferably, the substrates are planar or slightly or strongly bent in one direction or in several directions of the space. In particular, planar substrates are used. The transparent discs may be colorless or colored.

The composites are particularly preferred in the form of laminated safety glass (VSG) as window panes in water, land and air transport, in particular as windshields for motor vehicles, especially cars, as architectural components in the construction sector, in particular for overhead glazing for roofs, glass walls, facades , Windows, glass doors, balustrades, parapet glazing, skylights or walk-glass, and used as components in furniture and appliances, especially in refrigerators, freezer cabinets or electric radiators.

Most preferably, the laminated safety glass panes are used as windshields in motor vehicles with head-up displays (HUD),

It is understood that the features mentioned above and explained in more detail below can be used not only in the specified combinations and configurations, but also in other combinations and configurations or alone, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Brief description of the figures

The invention will now be explained in more detail by means of embodiments, reference being made to the accompanying figures. It show in a schematic representation Figure 1 is the flow diagram I of the production of the wedge-shaped thermoplastic film 1;

Figure 2 is the flow chart II of the preparation of the transparent composite 9 as

Laminated safety glass (VSG);

3 shows the flowchart III of the preparation of the transparent composite 9 as

Laminated safety glass (VSG) for a windscreen with a head-up display (HUD) and

Figure 4 is the flow diagram IV of the production of wedge-shaped, thermoplastic

Plastic film 1 a with the wedge angle 1 a.2.

In FIGS. 1 to 4, the reference signs have the following meaning:

1 wedge-shaped, thermoplastic plastic film

1 a wedge-shaped, thermoplastic plastic film of at least two wedge-shaped thermoplastic films 1

1 .1 wedge-shaped cross-sectional profile

1 .2 wedge angle

1 a.2 Wedge angle as the sum of at least two wedge angles 1.2

2 flat, thermoplastic plastic films

3 supply roll

4 heating drum

5 heated pressure rollers

5.1 gap between the heated pressure rollers 5

5.2 clear width of the gap 5.1

6 stretching device

7 cooling device

8 cutting device

9 composite

10 slice Detailed description of the figures

FIG. 1 shows the flowchart I which schematically illustrates the production of wedge-shaped thermoplastic films 1 of a desired size.

For the preparation, a flat, transparent, clear PVB film 2 of a width of 1 m and a thickness of 760 μηη was unwound from a supply roll 3 and transported to a heating drum 4 made of steel and heated there to a temperature of 90 ° C. From the heating drum 4, the heated PVB film 2 was transported to the gap 5.1 of two heatable pressure rollers 5 a length of 1 m. The gap 5.1 had a clear width 5.2 which corresponded to the cross-sectional profile 1 .1 of the wedge-shaped, thermoplastic PVB film 1 to be produced. The discharged, wedge-shaped, thermoplastic PVB film 1 had the desired wedge angle 1.2 of 0.3 mrad and was fed to a stretching cone as a stretching device 6. The stretched PVB film 1 was cooled by means of a cold air blower and cooling table as the cooling device 7 and further transported to a mechanical cutting device 8, where it was cut to the desired sizes.

FIG. 2 shows flow chart II of the production of a transparent composite 9 as a laminated safety glass pane (VSG) for use as a windscreen with head-up display (HUD) for motor vehicles.

For their production, a cut, wedge-shaped, thermoplastic PVB film 1 1 m wide and 1, 8 m length with a wedge angle 1 .2 of 0.3 mrad fit on a congruent, transparent float glass 10, which was not anti-adhesive Surface had, placed. Subsequently, another congruent, transparent float glass pane 10 was placed on the free side of the PVB film 1. After that the arrangement became:

Float glass pane 10 / PVB film 1 / Floatglasscheibe 10 using a Vorverbundverfahrens (calender roll, snake or vacuum bag method) and here with an autoclave permanently bonded together permanently. The resulting composite 9 was eminently suitable as a laminated safety glass (VSG) for use as a windshield for motor vehicles. FIG. 3 shows the flow diagram III of the production of a transparent composite 9 as a laminated safety glass pane (VSG) for use as a windscreen with head-up display (HUD) for motor vehicles.

For the production, two congruent, wedge-shaped, thermoplastic PVB films 1, each with a wedge angle 1.2 of 0.3 mrad, were precisely superimposed. Subsequently, the superimposed PVB films 1 were placed accurately on a congruent, transparent float glass 10, which had no non-stick surface. Thereafter, another congruent, transparent float glass 10 was placed accurately on the free side of the superimposed PVB films 1.

After that the arrangement became:

Float glass pane 10 / PVB film 1 / PVB film 1 / float glass pane 10 by means of a precompounding process (calender roll, quench or vacuum bag method) and in this case permanently bonded together using an autoclave process. The resulting composite 9 with a welded PVB film 1 a with the wedge angle 1 a.2 of 0.6 mrad was outstandingly suitable as a laminated safety glass (VSG) for use as a windshield with head-up display (HUD) for motor vehicles.

FIG. 4 shows the flow chart IV of the production of a transparent, clear PVB film 1 a.

For their production, two congruent, wedge-shaped, thermoplastic PVB films 1, each with a wedge angle 1 .2 of 0.3 mrad, were precisely superimposed. Subsequently, the superimposed PVB films 1 were placed accurately on a congruent metal plate 10, which had a non-sticky surface. Thereafter, another metal disk 10 was placed accurately on the free side of the superimposed PVB films 1.

After that the arrangement became:

Metal disk 10 / PVB film 1 / PVB film 1 / metal disk 10 using a Vorverbundverfahrens (Kalanderwalzen-, snake or vacuum bag method) and here with an autoclave method releasably interconnected. After cooling, the welded PVB film 1 a with the wedge angle 1 a.2 of 0.6 mrad was removed from the composite 9 and stored until further use.

Claims

A continuous process for the production of a wedge-shaped, thermoplastic plastic film (1), comprising the process steps

(A) unwinding of a flat thermoplastic film (2) from a supply roll (3) and further transport to a heating drum (4),

(B) heating the unwound, flat, thermoplastic plastic film (2) with a heating drum (4) to a temperature which is above the glass transition temperature and below the melting temperature of the respective thermoplastic to be processed, and further transport to pressure rollers (5),

(C) pressing the unwound, warm, flat, thermoplastic plastic film (2) in the gap (5.1) between two heated pressure rollers (5), which have a temperature which is above the glass transition temperature and below the melting temperature of the respective thermoplastic to be processed wherein the gap (5.1) has a clear width (5.2) corresponding to the cross-sectional profile (1 .1) of the wedge-shaped thermoplastic film (1) to be produced, and further transport to a stretching device (6),

(D) stretching the resulting warm, thermoplastic film (1) with a wedge-shaped cross-sectional profile (1 .1) in the stretching device and further transporting the warm, wedge-shaped thermoplastic film (1) to a cooling device (7),

(E) cooling the warm, wedge-shaped thermoplastic film (1) in the cooling device (7) to a temperature of 0 ° C to 20 ° C and further transport to a cutting device (8) and

(F) Cutting the cooled, wedge-shaped thermoplastic film (1) to the desired sizes in the cutting device (8).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flat thermoplastic plastic film (2) has a width of 0.25 m to 4.0 m and a thickness

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the flat thermoplastic plastic film (2) is transparent.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the flat, thermoplastic plastic film (2) made of plastics, selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethane ( PU), polypropylene (PP), polyacrylate, polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetal resins, casting resins, polyacrylates, fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers, polyvinyl fluoride, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymers and copolymers and mixtures thereof, is constructed.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the flat, thermoplastic plastic film (2) consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB).

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the gap (5.1) between the heated pressure rollers (5) has a clear width (5.2) corresponding to the cross-sectional profile (1 .1) of the wedge-shaped thermoplastic film (1). with a wedge angle (1 .2) from 0.01 mrad to 0.7 mrad, preferably from 0.1 mrad to 0.3 mrad.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the heated pressure rollers (5) has an anti-adhesive surface and / or an embossing pattern, which serves to obtain the surface roughness of the wedge-shaped thermoplastic film (1).

8. A process for producing detachable or permanent composites (9) of at least two transparent and / or opaque discs (10) having at least one intermediate layer of at least one wedge-shaped thermoplastic film produced by the process according to one of claims 1 to 7 (1 ) and / or a wedge-shaped, thermoplastic plastic film (1 a) of at least two wedge-shaped thermoplastic films (1) produced by the process according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that

(G) hot pressed, a cooled, cut, wedge-shaped, thermoplastic film (1) between two opaque or transparent sheets (10) having or not having a non-stick surface, or alternatively

(H) at least two congruent, wedge-shaped, thermoplastic plastic films (1) precisely superposed and between two opaque or transparent discs (10) having one or no non-stick surface, to a wedge-shaped thermoplastic film (1 a) with a wedge angle (1 a .2) which is equal to or substantially equal to the sum of the two wedge angles (1.2), are pressed.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that from the releasable composite (9) with the non-stick surface, the wedge-shaped thermoplastic film (1) or the resulting wedge-shaped thermoplastic film (1 a) are removed again or that the opaque or transparent discs (10) without adhesive surface of the plastic film (1) or the plastic film (1 a) adherent to a permanent composite (9) are connected.

10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the transparent panes (10) of a material selected from the group consisting of flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda lime glass, polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate , Polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and / or mixtures thereof.

1 1. Transparent composites (9) produced by the method according to one of claims 8 to 10.

12. Use of the transparent composites (9) according to claim 1 1 as laminated safety glass panes (VSG).