A system operable to modulate a signal according to phase-shift keying (PSK) modulation includes one or more phase modulators that comprise one or more fractional phase modulators. A fractional phase modulator includes a splitter that splits a communication signal to yield a first communication signal...http://www.google.de/patents/US7912378?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7912378 - Modulating a signal using a fractional phase modulator