A method for manufacturing a thin-film crystalline solar cell includes the steps of (i) forming a porous layer including a large number of fine pores in a surface portion of a crystalline substrate, (ii) transforming a part of the porous layer including the surface thereof into a smooth layer which does...http://www.google.de/patents/US6211038?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6211038 - Semiconductor device, and method for manufacturing the same