Optical sensors and methods are disclosed. The resonance energy transfer between a donor and acceptor pair on a surface is monitored. The change in resonance energy transfer as a function of the change in refractive index of a sensing area disposed between the donor and acceptor pair is utilized to provide...http://www.google.de/patents/US6542229?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6542229 - Sensors, methods of manufacture and sensing methods