In an active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus, respective ones of the electrodes on a substrate are provided so that an electric field substantially parallel to the substrate can be supplied to a liquid crystal layer. Polarizers for changing the optical characteristics based on...http://www.google.de/patents/US5805247?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5805247 - Liquid crystal display apparatus in which plural common electrodes are parallel to the pixel electrodes on the same substrate and a black matrix on the opposing substrate 
