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US007051945B2

(12) United States Patent

Empedocles et al.

(io) Patent No.: (45) Date of Patent:

US 7,051,945 B2 May 30, 2006

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5,962,863 A 10/1999 Russell et al.

6,256,767 Bl 7/2001 Kuekes et al.

6,274,007 Bl 8/2001 Smirnov et al.

6,438,025 Bl 8/2002 Skarapo

6,447,663 Bl 9/2002 Lee et al.

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FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

WO WO 2004/040671 * 5/2004

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

Chung, S.-W. et al., "Silicon nanowire devices," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 76, No. 15, pp. 2068-2070 (Apr. 10, 2000).

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Primary Examiner—Daniel Stcyr

Assistant Examiner—Daniel A. Hess

(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein &

Fox PLLC; Andrew L. Filler

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Macroelectronic substrate materials incorporating nanowires are described. These are used to provide underlying electronic elements (e.g., transistors and the like) for a variety of different applications. Methods for making the macroelectronic substrate materials are disclosed. One application is for transmission an reception of RF signals in small, lightweight sensors. Such sensors can be configured in a distributed sensor network to provide security monitoring. Furthermore, a method and apparatus for a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is described. The RFID tag includes an antenna and a beam-steering array. The beamsteering array includes a plurality of tunable elements. A method and apparatus for an acoustic cancellation device and for an adjustable phase shifter that are enabled by nanowires are also described.

20 Claims, 50 Drawing Sheets

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