Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Microscopic analysis of the compatible and incompatible interactions between Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans and cabbage

  • Published:
European Journal of Plant Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Fusarium oxysporum is a soil-borne fungus that causes vascular wilt and root rot. To compare infection and colonization by F. oxysporum f. sp conglutinans (Foc) on resistant and susceptible cabbage cultivars and to get more insights into interactions between Foc and cabbage, a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing strain of Foc was inoculated onto resistant and susceptible cabbage varieties and monitored by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Between 1 and 3 days post inoculation (dpi), conidia attached to root hairs and emergence sites of lateral roots, with hyphae penetrating into the epidermal tissues of roots. Few differences between susceptible and resistant cultivars were observed up to 1 to 3 dpi. From 4 to 6 dpi, hyphae progressed from the epidermis into cortical tissues and entered the xylem vessels in the susceptible cultivar, whereas such colonization was rarely observed in the resistant cultivar; these observations were further supported by statistical analysis. From 7 to 11 dpi, massive colonization and sporulation within infected xylem vessels were observed with hyphae extending into the upper hypocotyl of susceptible seedlings. Progressing symptoms of chlorosis, wilting, and death were observed on susceptible seedlings, whereas the resistant cultivar remained symptom-free. Foc was not reisolated from upper stems and petioles of the resistant cultivar, which confirmed our observations. This study provided a clear overview of the process of colonization of cabbage roots by Foc, and deepened our understandings on the details of compatible and incompatible interactions between Foc and cabbage cultivars.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Armstrong, G. (1981). Formae speciales and races of Fusarium oxysporum causing wilt diseases. Fusarium: diseases, biology, and taxonomy.

  • Beckman, C. H., & Roberts, E. (1995). On the nature and genetic basis for resistance and tolerance to fungal wilt diseases of plants. Advances in Botanical Research, 21, 36–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckman, C., Elgersma, D., & MacHardy, W. (1972). The localization of fusarial infections in the vascular tissue of single-dominant-gene resistant tomatoes. Phytopathology, 62, 1256–1260.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, C., & Cooper, R. M. (1983). An ultrastructural study of vascular colonization in three vascular wilt diseases I. Colonization of susceptible cultivars. Physiological Plant Pathology, 23, 323–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Czymmek, K. J., Fogg, M., Powell, D. H., Sweigard, J., Park, S. Y., & Kang, S. (2007). In vivo time-lapse documentation using confocal and multi-photon microscopy reveals the mechanisms of invasion into the Arabidopsis root vascular system by Fusarium oxysporum. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 44, 1011–1023.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Di Pietro, A., Huertas-González, M. D., Gutierrez Corona, J. F., Martínez Cadena, G., Méglecz, E., & Roncero, M. I. G. (2001). Molecular characterization of a subtilase from the vascular wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 14, 653–662.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Di Pietro, A., Madrid, M. P., Caracuel, Z., Delgado-Jarana, J., & Roncero, M. I. G. (2003). Fusarium oxysporum: exploring the molecular arsenal of a vascular wilt fungus. Molecular Plant Pathology, 4, 315–325.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, W. (2000). Cultivation techniques of Brassica vegetables for high yield and quality. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lagopodi, A. L., Ram, A. F., Lamers, G. E., Punt, P. J., Van den Hondel, C. A., Lugtenberg, B. J., & Bloemberg, G. V. (2002). Novel aspects of tomato root colonization and infection by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis using the green fluorescent protein as a marker. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 15, 172–179.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li, M., Zhang, T., Li, X., & Yan, H. (2003). Fusarium wilt on Cruciferous vegetables and identification of their pathogens. Plant Protection, 29, 44–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, E., Wang, D., Yang, Y., & Xie, B. (2011). Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of cabbage Fusarium wilt pathogen. China Vegetables, 14, 008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, C., Liang, H., Xia, Y., & Peng, M. (2012). Visualization the colonization of watermelon infected by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum labeled by GFP. Journal of Tropical Crops, 32, 1935–1939.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Y. (2012). The use of green fluorescent protein marker to study infection of three different banana varieties with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race4. Guangdong: Guangdong Ocean University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorang, J., Tuori, R., Martinez, J., Sawyer, T., Redman, R., Rollins, J., Wolpert, T., Johnson, K., Rodriguez, R., & Dickman, M. (2001). Green fluorescent protein is lighting up fungal biology. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67, 1987–1994.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lv, H., Fang, Z., Yang, L., Xie, B., Liu, Y., Zhuang, M., Zhang, Y., & Yang, Y. (2011). Research on screening of resistant resources to Fusarium wilt and inheritance of the resistant gene in cabbage. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 5, 011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma, L., Geiser, D. M., Proctor, R. H., Rooney, A. P., O’Donnell, K., Trail, F., Gardiner, D. M., Manners, J. M., & Kazan, K. (2013). Fusarium pathogenomics. Annual Review of Microbiology, 67, 399–416.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mace, M. & Veech, J. (1971). Fusarium wilt of susceptible and resistant tomato isolines: host colonization. Phytochemistry.

  • Michielse, C. B., & Rep, M. (2009). Pathogen profile update: Fusarium oxysporum. Molecular Plant Pathology, 10, 311–324.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olivain, C., & Alabouvette, C. (1999). Process of tomato root colonization by a pathogenic strain of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in comparison with a non-pathogenic strain. New Phytologist, 141, 497–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olivain, C., Trouvelot, S., Binet, M. N., Cordier, C., Pugin, A., & Alabouvette, C. (2003). Colonization of flax roots and early physiological responses of flax cells inoculated with pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of Fusarium oxysporum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69, 5453–5462.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perry, J. W., & Evert, R. F. (1983). Histopathology of Verticillium dahliae within mature roots of Russet Burbank potatoes. Canadian Journal of Botany, 61, 3405–3421.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qiao, H. P., Huang, L. L. & Kang, Z. S. (2006). Inhibiting effect of endophytic bacteria of wheat on the main pathogenic fungi of root and stem. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 17.

  • Rodríguez-Molina, M., Medina, I., Torres-Vila, L., & Cuartero, J. (2003). Vascular colonization patterns in susceptible and resistant tomato cultivars inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici races 0 and 1. Plant Pathology, 52, 199–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takken, F., & Rep, M. (2010). The arms race between tomato and Fusarium oxysporum. Molecular Plant Pathology, 11, 309–314.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tian, R. (2009). Integrative research on pathogen of Fusarium wilts and population structure of resistant germplasm in cabbage. Gansu: Gansu Agriculturial University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tjamos, E. & Beckman, C. H. (1989). Vascular wilt diseases of plants. Basic studies and control: Springer-Verlag.

  • Vallad, G., & Subbarao, K. (2008). Colonization of resistant and susceptible lettuce cultivars by a green fluorescent protein-tagged isolate of Verticillium dahliae. Phytopathology, 98, 871–885.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Does, H. C., Duyvesteijn, R. G. E., Goltstein, P. M., Van Schie, C. C. N., Manders, E. M. M., Cornelissen, B. J. C., & Rep, M. (2008). Expression of effector gene SIX1 of Fusarium oxysporum requires living plant cells. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 45, 1257–1264.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zvirin, T., Herman, R., Brotman, Y., Denisov, Y., Belausov, E., Freeman, S., & Perl-Treves, R. (2010). Differential colonization and defence responses of resistant and susceptible melon lines infected by Fusarium oxysporum race 1.2. Plant Pathology, 59, 576–585.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of genetic improvement of horticultural crops, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31272003), the National Key Technology R&D Program (No.2012BAD19B06), the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (No.200903049-04) and the National Staple Vegetable Industry Technology System Construction Project (No.CARS-25-B-01). The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Beijing, 100081, China

    Erfeng Li, Gang Wang, Yuhong Yang, Jiling Xiao, Zhenchuan Mao & Bingyan Xie

Authors
  1. Erfeng Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gang Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yuhong Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jiling Xiao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zhenchuan Mao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Bingyan Xie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bingyan Xie.

Additional information

The authors Erfeng Li and Gang Wang contributed equally to this work.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, E., Wang, G., Yang, Y. et al. Microscopic analysis of the compatible and incompatible interactions between Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans and cabbage. Eur J Plant Pathol 141, 597–609 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-014-0567-6

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-014-0567-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation