CN101529741B - 利用波束成形器的用于多输入多输出的中继器技术 - Google Patents

利用波束成形器的用于多输入多输出的中继器技术 Download PDF

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CN101529741B
CN101529741B CN200780040079.9A CN200780040079A CN101529741B CN 101529741 B CN101529741 B CN 101529741B CN 200780040079 A CN200780040079 A CN 200780040079A CN 101529741 B CN101529741 B CN 101529741B
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signal
reception
repeater
antenna
weighting
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CN101529741A (zh
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J·A·普洛克特
J·C·奥拓
K·M·盖尼
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/155—Ground-based stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection

Abstract

一种用于无线通信网络的中继器，包括：第一接收天线，用于在第一路径上接收来自接入点、另一中继器或无线站设备之一的接收信号；第二接收天线，用于在第二路径上接收该接收信号；接收加权电路，用于将第一和第二权重施加到接收信号，以生成第一加权接收信号和第二加权接收信号；信号组合器，用于根据各种数学组合来组合第一和第二加权接收信号，以生成多个组合接收信号；以及发射天线，用于将与组合接收信号之一相对应的发射信号发射给接入点、另一中继器或无线站设备之一。

Description

利用波束成形器的用于多输入多输出的中继器技术
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请与其全部内容通过援引纳入于此的、2006年10月26日提交的待批美国临时申请60/854,424有关并要求其优先权。本申请是以下的延展申请(CIP)：Proctor等人的题为“WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORKREPEATER(无线局域网中继器)”的美国专利公布No.2005-0286448(美国申请No.10/516,327)；Proctor等人的题为“PHYSICAL LAYERREPEATERCONFIGURATION FOR INCREASING MIMO PERFORMANCE(用于提升MIMO性能的物理层中继器配置)”的美国专利公布No.2006-0193271(美国申请No.11/340,838)；以及Gainey等人的题为“DIRECTIONAL ANTENNACONFIGURATION FOR TDD REPEATER(用于TDD中继器的定向天线配置)”的美国专利公布No.2007-0117514(美国申请No.11/602,455)，这些专利公布的内容全部通过援引纳入于此。本申请涉及：Proctor等人的题为“WIRELESSAREANETWORK USING FREQUENCY TRANSLATION ANDRETRANSMISSION BASED ON MODIFIEDPROTOCOL MESSAGES FORENHANCING NETWORK COVERAGE(使用基于经修改的协议消息的频率变换和重传来增强网络覆盖的无线局域网)”的美国专利No.7,200,134；Proctor等人的题为“PHYSICAL LAYER REPEATER WITH DISCRETE TIME FILTERFOR ALL-DIGITALDETECTION AND DELAY GENERATION(具有用于全数字检测和延迟生成的离散时间滤波器的物理层中继器)”的美国专利公布No.2006-0195883(美国申请No.11/340,860)；以及Proctor等人于2007年8月31提交的题为“REPEATER HAVING DUAL RECEIVER ORTRANSMITTERANTENNA CONFIGURATION WITH ADAPTATION FOR INCREASEDISOLATION(具有带针对增大隔离的自适应的双接收机或发射机天线配置的中继器)”的PCT专利申请No.PCT/US07/19163，这些专利、专利公布及申请的全部内容通过援引纳入于此。
技术领域
本技术领域一般涉及无线通信，尤其涉及用于增强无线网络的覆盖的中继器。
背景
按照惯例，诸如基于时分双工(TDD)、频分双工(FDD)无线保真度(Wi-Fi)、微波接入全球互操性(Wi-max)、蜂窝、全球移动通信系统(GSM)、码分多址(CDMA)或3G的无线网络等无线通信网络的覆盖区可通过中继器而增大。示例性中继器包括例如在如由开放式系统互连基本参考模型(OSI模型)定义的物理层或数据链路层中操作的频率变换中继器或同频中继器。
设计成在诸如Wi-max等基于TDD的无线网络内操作的物理层中继器通常包括用于同时发射和接收TDD分组的天线模块和中继器电路。较佳地，用于接收和发射的天线以及中继器电路被包括在同一封装内以便达成制造成本缩减、安装便利等。当中继器意在供消费者用作基于住宅或小办公室的设备时尤其属于这种情形中，此时外形因素和安装便利是关键考量。在如此的设备中，一个天线或天线组通常面对例如基站、接入点、网关，而另一天线或天线组面向订户设备。
对于同时接收和发射的任何中继器，接收和发射天线之间的隔离在中继器的整体性能中是关键因素。有这样的问题：中继至相同频率还是中继至不同频率。即，如果接收机和发射机天线并未适当的隔离，则中继器的性能会显著恶化。通常，中继器的增益不能比隔离大，以防止中继器振荡或初始灵敏度降低。隔离通常是通过物理分开、天线方向图或偏振来达成的。对于频率变换中继器，可利用带通滤波来达成附加隔离，但是因在接收天线的带内频率范围内接收到非希望噪声和来自发射机的带外辐射，所以天线隔离一般在中继器性能中仍是限制因素。在中继器工作在相同频率上的情况下，接收机与发射机的天线隔离是更加关键的问题，并且带通滤波不提供附加隔离。
相同的问题涉及频率变换中继器，其中使用频率检测和变换方法隔离接收和发射信道，由此允许两个无线局域网(WLAN)IEEE 802.11单元通过将第一频率信道上与一个设备相关联的分组变换至由第二设备使用的第二频率信道来通信。频率变换中继器可被配置成监视用于传输的两个信道，并且当检测到传输时，将第一频率下收到的信号变换至以第二频率在其上传送的另一信道。当传入接收机前端的来自发射机的功率电平过高时会发生问题，由此导致互调失真，这导致所谓的“频谱再生长”。在一些情形中，互调失真会在带内落入合意收到信号中，由此导致接收机的干扰效应或灵敏度降低。这显著地降低因频率变换和滤波而达成的隔离。
此外，在利用提出的IEEE 802.11n标准协议的WLAN环境中，无线设备依赖于多径传输来增大数据率和射程。然而，在典型家庭WLAN环境中，多径传输能力和空间分集由于以上所讨论的许多相同缘由连同缺乏无线产品在家庭和室内环境中的性能而受限。
概要
考虑到以上问题，根据第一方面的中继器包括用于提升多径传输能力的分集技术和用于典型家庭WLAN环境的空间分集。中继器可包括耦合至第一和第二发射机的第一和第二偶极子天线，以及耦合至第一和第二接收机的第一和第二片状天线。发射机和接收机可基于在接收机中测得的诸如自生成信号的发射信号来自适应其间增大的隔离。
给定接收机分集选择的已知隔离发射或接收权重可被最优化以达成更高隔离。此外，发射或接收加权设备可施加多个权重以允许对以不同到达角(在此指代路径)接收到的多输入多输出(MIMO)信号流的最优化。可将加权信号相组合并发射以使得占优地接收自第一波束成形接收方向图的信号作为第一发射波束成形天线方向图被发送出，而在其它接收波束成形方向图上同时接收到的任何附加信号在其它发射机天线方向图上经由发射机波束成形被同时占优地发射出。
还可基于所计算出的在每个波形图上接收到的信号之间的正交程度和/或从发射站接收的MIMO信令来根据网络话务信号最优化接收机和/或发射机方向图。
根据第二方面的中继器包括双接收机/发射机配置，这种配置采用使用用于提升发射机与接收机之间的隔离的谱反转的复用技术。正交IF可被提供给两个接收机的每一个以将I信道求和并减去Q信道，以促成两个接收信号之一上的谱反转。复合I和Q信道可在随后经由涉及频移和滤波的数字处理被数字化并分离回其分量信号。
根据第一或第二方面的中继器还可包括用于控制施加到发射和接收天线的权重的合成器和数字频率发生器。
根据第三方面的中继器，该中继器可包括可供客户端设备使用的数据端口以准许连同客户专用应用对处理器的双重使用。
根据第四方面的中继器是使用宽带模数(ADC)和数模(DAC)转换的多信道射频(RF)中继器。
附图简述
各个附图用于进一步图解各实施例以及说明根据本发明的各原理和优点，这些附图中的附图标记贯穿各个视图指代相同或功能上类似的元件并连同以下详细描述一起结合到说明书中且构成其一部分。
图1是根据各示例性实施例的示例性中继器的内部组件的框图。
图2是示例性中继器的内部和外部组件的框图。
图3是图解示例性中继器的模数转换器(ADC)的示例性增益要求的表格。
图4是图解示例性中继器的数模转换器(DAC)的示例性增益要求的表格。
图5A是图解偶极子双片状天线配置的示例性外壳的图示。
图5B是图解图5A的外壳的内部视图的图示。
图5C是用于测试基于发射机的自适应天线配置的测试装置的框图。
图5D是图解示例性双偶极子双片状天线配置的图示。
图6A-6B是图解不带自适应和带自适应的天线的增益相对频率以及相移相对频率的曲线图。
图7是根据各示例性实施例的基于接收机的自适应天线配置的框图。
图8是示例性中继器的功能框图。
图9是双接收机/下变频器的框图。
图10是数字信号处理的框图。
图11是双发射机的框图。
图12-17是图解由中继器执行的各个信道上的信号处理的图示。
图18是自复合IF信号恢复基带信号的仿真结果的图解。
图19是示例性接收信号组合的图解。
图20是示例性信号组合器的框图。
图21是包括相关联组件延迟的中继器的组件的框图。
图22是中继器的示例性操作时序图的图解。
图23是在接收信号处理期间示例性频率规划的图解。
图24是相关技术低振荡合成器的框图。
图25是示例性中继器的低振荡(LO)合成器的框图。
图26是图25中所示LO频率合成器的模拟双复数乘法器的框图。
图27是低频合成器的框图。
图28-33是对应各种极点配置的低频合成器的频率扩展的图解。
图34是相关技术频率合成器的频率扩展的图解。
图35是频率合成器的频率扩展的图解。
图36是在限幅之前以及之后频率合成器的混频器输出的图解。
图37是示例性中继器的接收机的信号电平和噪声的图解。
图38是可调节增益控制(AFC)特性的图解。
图39是噪声基底电平的图解。
详细描述
参看图1的框图，将讨论根据各新颖性实施例的中继器10。中继器10可包括耦合至中频(IF)复用器25的双接收机/下变频器20、用于生成LO信号的合成器或线性振荡器(LO)30、双发射机/上变频器35、信号检测设备40、和解调过程调制设备45。中继器10可替换性地包括双接收机/下变频器20’，后者包括信道组合器并被耦合至数字滤波器和可调节增益控制(AGC)设备。如图2的框图中所示的，中继器10可包括作为发射天线的偶极子天线和作为接收天线的片状天线。
回顾图1，双接收机/下变频器20包括模数转换器(ADC)，而双发射机/上变频器35包括数模转换器(DAC)。图3和4中示出了ADC和DAC的示例性增益要求。
参看图5A-5B，中继器10可包括连同中继器电子有效地容纳在紧致外壳110中的偶极子双片状天线配置。片状天线114和115的每一个被布置成与接地平面113平行，并且可被印制在接线板等上，或者可由嵌入到塑料壳内的冲压金属部分构成。
参看图5C，中继器可包括示例性双偶极子双片状天线配置200，其包括由用于中继器电子的PCB 206隔开的第一和第二片状天线202、204。
本发明人执行了论证自适应天线配置所达成的高隔离的若干测试。图5D是用于测试与图5B中所示天线配置相类似的天线配置所达成的隔离的测试自适应天线配置的框图。参看图6-7，在具有若干物理上靠近天线阵列504的信号散射对象的位置处在2.36GHz(标记1)和2.40GHz(标记2)上对没有加权电路(不带自适应)的偶极子片状阵列以及对具有加权电路(自适应)的偶极子片状阵列测量路径损耗。结果证明：调节相位和增益设置达成对特定频率上的隔离的实质控制。具体而言，图6A中的标记1示出了在没有应用自适应时-45dB的S21路径损耗，而图6B中的标记1示出了在对可变相位和增益进行调谐之后-71dB的路径损耗。结果得到额外26dB的隔离受益。图6A中的标记2示出了在没有应用自适应时-47dB的S21路径损耗，而图6B中的标记2示出了在对可变相位和增益进行调谐之后-57dB的路径损耗。结果得到额外10dB的隔离受益。
参看图7，将简要讨论用于达成隔离的基于接收机的自适应天线配置400。配置400包括第一和第二片状天线402、404以及90°混合定向耦合器，该90°混合定向耦合器用于组合路径406、408上的信号A、B以使第一和第二接收机416、418接收信号A、B的不同代数组合。第一和第二接收机416、418的输出被耦合至基带处理模块420，后者用于组合信号以在数字基带中执行波束成形操作。第一接收机416和第二接收机418被调谐至不同频率，直至在两个频率之一上检测到信号，随后可将另一接收机调谐至测得频率。第一和第二接收机416、418随后可具有数字地施加到基带处理模块420上的权重并执行接收机天线自适应。对加权的决定可通过同时计算多种组合的“经波束成形”或经加权的组合信号并选择组合的集合中的最佳组合来达成。这可被实现为快速傅里叶变换、一组离散加权的butler矩阵、或用于产生一组经组合的输出并从这些输出之中选择“最佳”的任何其它技术。“最佳”可以是基于信号强度、信噪比(SNR)、延迟扩展、或其它质量度量。替换地，可顺序地执行对“经波束成形”或经加权的组合信号的计算。此外，可按任何加权比(增益和相位、均衡)来执行组合，以便使用来自第一和第二片状天线402、404的信号A、B的最佳组合。
参看图8，将讨论中继器800的各实施例。中继器800包括双接收机/下变频器802、数字信号处理模块804、双发射机806、以及LO和基准合成器808。
双接收机/下变频器802包括第一和第二接收天线，这些天线分别被耦合至用于放大接收信号的第一和第二低噪声放大器。第一和第二接收天线可以是例如片状天线。LNA的输出被耦合至混合耦合器，该混合耦合器可与图7中所示的混合耦合器410类似地配置。混合耦合器被耦合至第一和第二下变频器，该第一和第二下变频器的输出被耦合至IF复用器。
数字信号处理模块804包括接收IF复用器的输出的第一和第二ADC。第一和第二ADC的输出被耦合至下变频器和分用器，该下变频器和分用器的输出被耦合至组合器(组合信道)以便编组信道。数字滤波器将组合器的输出信号滤波，而可调节增益控制(AGC)调节信号增益。数字信号处理模块804还包括用于检测接收信道上信号的存在性的信号检测电路、用于确定增益调节的参数的AGC度量、和主控处理器。来自AGC的信号被输出到权重元件和解调器/调制器(解调过程调制)以执行任何所需的信号调制或解调。权重元件可以是模拟元件或数字元件。权重元件被耦合至上变频电路，后者的输出经由第一和第二DAC被耦合至双发射机806的第一和第二发射机。
双发射机806的第一和第二发射机经由第一和第二功率放大器耦合至第一和第二发射天线。第一和第二发射天线可以是例如偶极子天线。
LO和基准合成器808包括基准振荡器、固定基准和LO发生器、基带合成器和用于生成供接收机和发射机使用的LO信号的可变LO发生器。
图9中更详细地示出双接收机/下变频器。下变频器包括耦合至合成器808的数个混频器，并且输出通过带通滤波器(BPF)。
图10中更详细地示出了数字信号处理模块804。AGC和权重控制部分可控制耦合至向量调制器的复权重。
图11中更详细地示出双发射机/上变频器。上变频器包括耦合至合成器808的数个混频器，并且输出通过BPF。
在图12-17中示出对应其中在第一和第二信道上接收到信号的各种情况的IF复用器、ADC和数字下变频器的信号处理操作。参看图18，仿真结果论证自IF复用器所生成的复合IF信号恢复合意基带信号。
参看图19，其示出了由混合耦合器和组合器执行的示例性接收信号组合。混合耦合器(接收加权电路)可将第一和第二权重施加到在分别耦合至第一和第二接收天线的第一和第二接收路径上接收到的接收信号Ra、Rb，以生成第一加权接收信号和第二加权接收信号(Sa、Sb)。信号组合器根据各种数学组合来组合第一和第二加权接收信号，以生成多个组合接收信号(So1、So2、So3、So4)。输出组合接收信号中最佳的那一个(So)。
图20中更详细地示出了信号组合器。信号组合器可被配置成存储在第一接收天线上接收到的接收信号的第一样本和在第二接收天线上接收到的接收信号的第二样本，并根据开关将第一样本或第二样本之一加载到数字滤波器。开关可由信号检测设备基于第一接收天线和第二接收天线之中该信号检测设备在其之上检测到接收信号存在的那一个天线来控制。
诸如由中继器在正常操作期间传送的信标的度量可被用于确定权重值。例如，对于在两个频率信道上操作的频率变换中继器，接收机可测量一个信道上的收到信号强度，同时两个发射天线可发射诸如信标等自生成信号。可在自生成传输期间确定最初发射机与接收机相隔离的量。可使用诸如最速下降法、或比方LMS算法的基于统计梯度的算法的任何数目的已知最小化自适应算法来在后继传输之间调节权重，以藉此基于最初发射机与接收机的隔离来使发射机与接收机之间的耦合最小化(增大隔离)。也可使用其它将调节给定参数(在本文中称为权重)并使所得到的度量最小化的常规自适应算法。
参看图21，其示出了中继器的组件的每一个的延迟。延迟预算累计约达600ns。延迟明确受到滤波器的控制。如果将IF BPF假定为具有150ns延迟的(高损耗)SAW，则通过消除SAW可将整体延迟减少100ns。检测器滤波器是用于对检测器提供基本所有毗邻信道拒绝的长FIR滤波器。具有40MHz带宽的SAW在20MHz带宽下工作时不提供延迟。基带下的FIR滤波器还具有相当的延迟，因为其必须拒绝毗邻信道干扰并提供线性相位(或者校正在前滤波器的相位非线性性)。然而，可通过在检测到信号之后用所存储的样本预载此滤波器来减小此延迟。因此，其延迟没有被包括在延迟预算中。
参看图22，其示出了通过样本重复对样本进行定时操作。将t＝0的起始时间定义为(接收信号中的)分组前同步码的第一码元到达接收机A的第一IF的时间。在t＝250ns处，第一码元离开ADC并进入检测器滤波器和检测器。在t＝450ns处，检测到分组。在相同的时间，接收机B监听不同WIFI频率信道上的分组但是(在此示例中)没有接收任何东西。当接收机A检测到信号时，接收机B被切换至与接收机A相同的WIFI信道，以使得接收机经由不同路径接收相同信号。控制电路(未示出)可被耦合至信号检测设备、接收机或天线以根据信号检测设备的检测来切换频率。
在t＝700处，接收机B上的信号离开ADC。来自两个接收机的ADC输出被连接到组合器。来自接收机A的信号在t＝250ns到达而来自接收机B的信号在稍后的t＝700ns到达，这不是因为来自接收机B的信号迟到，而是因为接收机B先前被调谐至“错误”信道。组合器包含两个存储器，它们存储来自接收机A的信号的最后150ns和来自接收机B的信号的最后150n的样本。当发生检测击中时，组合器迅速用所存储的来自恰当接收机(在此情形中为接收机A)的样本加载数字滤波器。其随后在t＝450ns与t＝475ns期间开始从接收机A输出样本。
来自接收机B的信号在t＝700ns处到达。组合器开始选择若干输入信号组合中的最佳者的过程，并且在t＝900ns处选择最佳组合。组合信号的振幅被调节成与来自接收机A的信号的振幅相匹配。用组合信号替代来自接收机A的信号并将其输出到数字滤波器。
数字滤波器的输出在t＝475ns处开始(在检测之后不久)。其包括来自接收机A的信号的150ns的存储样本和其后跟随有组合信号样本的信号A的400ns的当前样本。由AGC调节数字滤波器输出以在发射天线处提供恒定输出——即约为数字滤波器的输出处信号的20dbm样本。对样本取平均以产生AGC控制电压。最初的平均始于对所存储样本的平均，并且随着更多样本被添加到平均上，过程继续进行。最后，发射天线处的信号是延迟达DAC和发射机延迟的数字滤波器输出。其在t＝575ns处开始。
通常，在t＝0，WIFI分组的第一码元到达Rx(接收)天线，而在t＜＝575ns，发射信号离开发射天线。尽管Tx(发射)信号最初并非Rx信号的完美副本，但是其接近地重复该信号。此外，Tx信号随时间推移而改善(信号组合改善SNR且AGC取平均时间更长)。
图23中示出了用于样本重复的示例性频率规划。对于线路上的一阶乘积和信号，频率规划没有自干扰。
参看图25，将讨论示例性中继器的示例性低振荡合成器。与图24中所示相关技术合成器相比，根据本实施例的合成器包括图26中更详细所示的模拟双复数乘法器。
合成器利用单个固定频率合成器以通过经由使用分频器将固定合成器分频而得到的两个或多个信号的乘积来产生可变LO。分频器是基于整数的，并且在多个经分频的信号之间执行乘法以产生额外频率。分频器可以是可调谐或可编程的，以使得所得到的乘积的频率是可调谐的。
合成器可得到不同频率下的数个LO。可利用其后跟随有带通滤波器的限幅器来抑制不合意乘法(混频)之积。通过对经分割频率的多次组合来得到LO以允许操纵最终LO中的残余寄生信号。
参看图27，其示出了低频合成器的示例性配置。图28-33和35中示出了对应各种极点配置的低频合成器的频率扩展。图34中示出对应相关技术低频合成器的频率扩展以供比较。图36示出了在限幅之前或之后合成器的频率扩展。
参看图37，其示出了接收机和发射机的信号电平、噪声和传输漏泄。图38中示出了AGC特性。图39中示出了噪声基底电平。
根据一些实施例，多个天线模块可被构造在相同中继器或设备内，诸如如以上所描述的多个定向天线或天线对以及用于例如MIMO环境或系统中的多个全向或准全向天线。这些相同的天线技术可用于多频中继器，诸如其中下行链路在一个频率上而上行链路存在于另一频率上的基于FDD的系统。
相应地，本公开涉及用于无线通信网络的中继器。作为示例在图8中示出的中继器包括耦合至用于接收不同路径上的多个多输入多输出(MIMO)信号流的第一和第二接收天线的第一和第二接收机，以及耦合至第一和第二发射天线的第一和第二发射机。中继器还包括：信号组合器，用于根据各个数学组合来组合多个MIMO信号流以生成多个组合MIMO信号流；加权电路，用于将权重施加到多个MIMO信号流的每一个以生成多个加权MIMO信号流；以及数字处理器，用于确定加权MIMO信号流中的占优信号流。占优信号流可在第一发射天线上发射，而其余MIMO加权信号流可在第二发射天线上发射。
数字处理器可基于信号强度、信噪比和延迟扩展中的至少之一来确定占优信号流。
本公开意在说明如何制作和使用根据本发明的各个实施例，而无意限制其真实预期且明确的范围和精神。在前描述并非旨在穷举或将本发明限于所公开的精确形式。鉴于以上教义，修改或变化是可能的。选择并描述各实施例是为了提供对本发明的原理及其实践应用的最佳例示，且为了使本领域技术人员能够按各个实施例利用本发明以及在作出适于具体预期使用的各个修改之下利用本发明。所有此类修改和变化皆落在本发明的范围内。以上所描述的各个电路可按实施的需要在分立电路或集成电路中实现。此外，本发明的各部分可在软件等中实现——这将为本领域技术人员所领会——并可被体现为与本文所描述的内容相关联的方法。

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1.一种用于无线通信网络的中继器，包括：
第一接收天线，用于在第一路径上接收来自接入点、另一中继器或无线站设备中一者的接收信号；
第二接收天线，用于在第二路径上接收来自所述接入点、所述另一中继器或所述无线站设备中所述一者的所述接收信号；
接收加权电路，用于将第一和第二权重分别施加到在所述第一和第二路径上接收到的所述接收信号，以生成第一加权接收信号和第二加权接收信号；
信号组合器，用于根据各种数学组合来组合所述第一和第二加权接收信号，以生成多个组合接收信号；
发射天线，用于将与所述组合接收信号中的一者相对应的发射信号发射给接入点、另一中继器或无线站设备之一；以及
控制器，用于根据在所述发射天线上发射的自生成信号的测量值来控制所述接收加权电路。
2.如权利要求1所述的中继器，其特征在于，所述第一接收天线最初被设成经由第一频率信道在所述第一路径上接收所述接收信号而所述第二接收天线最初被设成经由第二频率信道在所述第二路径上接收所述接收信号。
3.如权利要求2所述的中继器，其特征在于，还包括：
耦合至所述第一接收天线和所述第二接收天线的信号检测设备，所述信号检测设备被配置成检测所述接收信号在所述第一接收天线和所述第二接收天线之一上的存在性；以及
耦合至所述信号检测设备以及所述第一和第二接收天线的控制电路，所述控制电路被配置成根据所述信号检测设备的所述检测将所述第一接收天线切换至接收所述第二频率信道上的所述接收信号或将所述第二接收天线切换至接收所述第一频率信道上的所述接收信号。
4.如权利要求3所述的中继器，其特征在于，还包括：
数字滤波器，用于将所述组合接收信号中的所述一者滤波，
其中所述信号组合器被配置成存储在所述第一接收天线上接收到的所述接收信号的第一样本和在所述第二接收天线上接收到的所述接收信号的第二样本，并根据所述信号检测设备于其上检测到所述接收信号存在的所述第一接收天线和所述第二接收天线中的一者将所述第一样本或所述第二样本中的一者加载到所述数字滤波器，
其中所述数字滤波器根据所述第一样本或所述第二样本中的所述一者来将所述组合接收信号中的所述一者滤波。
5.如权利要求1所述的中继器，其特征在于，所述第一和第二接收天线是第一和第二片状天线，而所述发射天线是偶极子天线。
6.如权利要求1所述的中继器，其特征在于，所述第一和第二接收天线是第一和第二偶极子天线，而所述发射天线是片状天线。
7.如权利要求1所述的中继器，其特征在于，还包括发射权重控制器，所述发射权重控制器用于基于预定信号度量将权重施加到所述组合接收信号中的所述一者以生成所述发射信号。
8.如权利要求1所述的中继器，其特征在于，所述接收加权电路包括以下之一：用于调节在所述第一路径上接收到的接收信号和在所述第二路径上接收到的接收信号中的一者的相位的可变移相器；以及用于调节在所述第一路径上接收到的接收信号和在所述第二路径上接收到的接收信号中的一者的增益的可变衰减器。
9.如权利要求1所述的中继器，其特征在于，所述第一和第二路径具有不同到达角。
10.一种用于无线通信网络的中继器，所述中继器包括用于在第一和第二路径上分别接收第一接收信号和第二接收信号的第一和第二接收天线以及第一和第二发射天线，所述中继器包括：
接收加权电路，用于将第一和第二权重分别施加到在所述第一和第二接收路径上接收到的所述接收信号，以生成第一加权接收信号和第二加权接收信号；
信号组合器，用于根据各种数学组合来组合所述第一和第二加权接收信号以生成多个组合接收信号，以及输出所述多个组合接收信号中预定的那一个；
分离器，用于将所述多个组合接收信号中预定的那一个分成第一和第二发射信号；
发射加权电路，用于将发射权重施加到所述第一和第二发射信号以生成第一和第二加权发射信号；以及
控制器，用于根据在所述第一和第二发射天线上发射的自生成信号的测量值来控制所述接收加权电路，
其中所述第一和第二发射天线发射所述第一和第二加权发射信号。
11.如权利要求10所述的中继器，其特征在于，所述第一和第二路径具有不同到达角。
12.一种用于无线通信网络的中继器，所述中继器包括耦合至用于在不同路径上接收多个多输入多输出(MIMO)信号流的第一和第二接收天线的第一和第二接收机，以及耦合至第一和第二发射天线的第一和第二发射机，所述中继器包括：
信号组合器，用于根据各种数学组合来组合所述多个MIMO信号流以生成多个组合MIMO信号流；
加权电路，用于将权重施加到所述多个MIMO信号流的每一个以生成多个加权MIMO信号流；
数字处理器，用于确定所述加权MIMO信号流中的占优信号流；以及
控制器，用于根据在所述第一和第二发射天线上发射的自生成信号的测量值来控制所述加权电路，
其中所述占优信号流在所述第一发射天线上发射，而其余MIMO加权信号流在所述第二发射天线上发射。
13.如权利要求12所述的中继器，其特征在于，所述数字处理器基于信号强度、信噪比和延迟扩展中的至少之一来确定所述占优信号流。
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WO2008057290A1 (en) 2008-05-15
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US20090323582A1 (en) 2009-12-31
US8774079B2 (en) 2014-07-08
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CA2667470A1 (en) 2008-05-15
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CN101529741A (zh) 2009-09-09

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