CN105608832A - Optical smoke detector and method thereof - Google Patents
Optical smoke detector and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105608832A CN105608832A CN201610201549.6A CN201610201549A CN105608832A CN 105608832 A CN105608832 A CN 105608832A CN 201610201549 A CN201610201549 A CN 201610201549A CN 105608832 A CN105608832 A CN 105608832A
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- optical signal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
- G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/06—Electric actuation of the alarm, e.g. using a thermally-operated switch
Abstract
The invention provides an optical smoke detector and a method thereof. The optical smoke detector comprises a detection chamber (210), at least one light source (220), at least one light receiver (230) and a controller (240) connected with the light source (220) and the light receiver (230), wherein the controller (240) is arranged in a preset time interval (P) after being electrified. If a light signal (S) detected by the light receiver (230) is more than a preset threshold value (Th) and the detected light signal (S) is in tiny fluctuation in the preset time interval (P), the pollution fault (FAULT) message can be sent out. The optical smoke detector can be used for timely reporting the pollution fault message after electrification and accurately reporting fire alarm if fire occurs in the electrifying process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates in general to fire protection warning (Firealarming) field, relates in particular to the optics cigarette sense in a kind of fire-fighting systemDetector and alarm method thereof.
Background technology
Smoke alarm is the detecting devices that fire-fighting domain generally uses. Smoke alarm is divided into sensitization mode and sensitization temperature-sensitiveCombination. The smoke alarm of sensitization is also referred to as optics smoke alarm, and it is not based on smoke particle to scattering of light degreeWith distinguishing steam and the cigarette that may cause the condition of a fire. This optics smoke alarm generally has a detection cavity, and is placed in thisLight source in detection cavity and optical receiver. Light source is injected light in detection cavity. These light can be detected the cigarette existing in chamberThe scattering of mist particle. Optical receiver sensing is by the light of smoke particle scattering, and determines whether to deposit according to the characteristic of scattered beamOn the condition of a fire is also corresponding, report a fire.
Because optics smoke alarm is that detection based on scattered light realizes, thus cleanliness factor in detection cavity, Yi JiguangThe cleanliness factor on source and optical receiver surface will directly affect the fire alarm sensitivity of smoke alarm. Under pollution condition, if visitWhen dust granule concentration in survey chamber reaches certain value, the light scattering wrong report that smoke alarm can cause dust is fire alarm. ChangeYan Zhi, for optics smoke alarm, dust and cigarette all can cause enough strong light scattering signal, and cigarette sense is surveyedDevice is reported a fire. Therefore, how to distinguish cigarette and dust (or claiming to pollute) be the problem that a needs solves to optics smoke alarm.
Existing optics smoke alarm, in its normal course of operation, periodically monitors and assesses dust (or pollution)Degree, utilizes for the backoff algorithm of dust simultaneously and eliminates the adverse effect that dust or pollution cause, to eliminate normal operationFire alarm wrong report in process. But at the beginning of smoke alarm powers on, in default of the monitored data to dust, dust is mendedRepaying algorithm is difficult to produce a desired effect.
Such as, if after smoke alarm is installed to scene, for reasons such as such as decoration constructions, fire-fighting system need to be closedA period of time. But within this period of shut-in time, being arranged on on-the-spot smoke alarm probably needs experience comparatively seriousAir pollution. Like this, dust just enters in the detection cavity of smoke alarm. In the time that fire-fighting system powers on again, opticsSmoke alarm can because of seriously polluted thirty years of age be fire alarm by dust wrong report.
In view of the foregoing, new trend is just to test cigarette sense at smoke alarm during by state compulsion standard testing to visitWhether survey device can accurately report dust or pollute failure message while powering on. A kind of method of testing of suggestion comprises following step substantiallySuddenly. First, optics smoke alarm is placed in a dust test box a period of time to (about two hours), this testDust in case reaches suitable concentration. Then, start this optics smoke alarm, and detect the work shape of smoke alarmState. If this smoke alarm sends pollution failure message, show successfully by test. If smoke alarm is not gone upReport pollutes failure message, detects its fire alarm sensitivity. If fire alarm sensitivity is qualified, be again placed on dustIn test box. If fire alarm sensitivity is defective, show test crash. So repeat about four circulations. This testWhether method can test out smoke alarm can accurately report pollution fault at the beginning of powering on, and its fire alarm sensitivity meetsStandard-required.
Fire alarm at the beginning of powering on is reported by mistake, and a kind of common solution is preferentially to report pollution fault, and it is exemplaryFlow process is shown in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 1, method flow is from step S110. In step S110, cigarette sense is surveyedDevice powers on, and then in step S120, completes initialization. In step S130, smoke alarm after powering on is pre-In the section of fixing time P, detect the optical signal S that its optical receiver detects. And then in step S140, optical signal S is sentencedDisconnected. Be greater than a predetermined threshold value Th if judge optical signal S in step S140, enter in step S150 and reportAccuse and pollute fault FAULT message, otherwise enter step S190, enter normal operating. Here threshold value Th is fire alarm reportAlert threshold value. Adopt the method shown in Fig. 1, can at the beginning of powering on, successfully report pollution failure message, also can successfully pass throughThe dust test of more than recommending. But, just in case there is the condition of a fire in reality at the beginning of powering on, the method shown in Fig. 1 can causeFire alarm is failed to report, and this is failed to report and can cause the person or property loss.
Summary of the invention
One object of the present invention is to provide smoke alarm and method thereof in a kind of fire-fighting system, adopts this cigarette sense to surveyDevice and method thereof can be at the beginning of smoke alarm powers on successfully report pollute failure message, if there is condition of a fire cigarette while powering on simultaneouslySense detector also can notify fire alarm at once.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes a kind of smoke alarm, it comprises: a detection cavity, it is suitableIn the gas with particle receiving from smoke alarm outside; At least one light source, it is suitable for launching light into described spySurvey chamber; At least one optical receiver, it surveys the optical signal being formed by the particle scattering in described detection cavity; A controller,Be connected to described light source and described optical receiver, and be configured in a scheduled time slot after powering on, if determine, described light connectsReceive the optical signal that detects of device and be greater than a predetermined threshold value, and described in the optical signal that detects during described scheduled time slot, beExisting minor fluctuations, sends pollution failure message. Preferably, the optical signal detecting described in is during described scheduled time slotReveal the minor fluctuations within the scope of the first predetermined fluctuation.
Preferably, described controller is also configured to: in the described predetermined amount of time after powering on, if determine described optical receiverThe optical signal detecting is greater than described predetermined threshold value, and described in the optical signal that detects during described scheduled time slot, exceededDescribed the first predetermined fluctuation scope, sends fire alarm message.
Whether above-mentioned smoke alarm is not only greater than threshold value according to the optical signal detecting judges fire alarm, also can be according to powering onIn a rear scheduled time slot P, whether optical signal S occurs that obviously pollution fault and fire alarm are further distinguished in fluctuation. Like this, cigarette senseDetector can report in time pollution failure message after powering on, if occur while powering on, the condition of a fire also can notify fire alarm at once simultaneously andCan not fail to report because of the interference of polluting. Thus, above-mentioned smoke alarm also can be successfully by the dust test of addressing before.
Preferably, described controller is also configured to: in the described predetermined amount of time after powering on, if described controller is determined:The optical signal that described optical receiver detects is greater than described predetermined threshold value, and described in the optical signal that detects in described pre-timingDuring section, exceeded a second predetermined fluctuation scope and sent fire alarm message, wherein said the second predetermined fluctuation scope is greater than instituteState the first predetermined fluctuation scope.
This smoke alarm adopts double oscillation scope to distinguish and pollute fault and fire alarm as criterion. Adopt double oscillation scope to sentenceAccording to, only have and be just judged as pollution fault when the fluctuation of optical signal small (in the first fluctuation range), and only have when light letterNumber fluctuation be comparatively obviously just judged as fire alarm when (being greater than the second fluctuation range). Like this, double oscillation scope criterion is to pollutingThe differentiation of fault and fire alarm is more accurate, can further reduce wrong report and fail to report fire alarm.
Preferably, described smoke alarm also comprises a temperature sensor, and it surveys in described detection cavity or described detectionNear temperature chamber, and described controller is also configured to: in the described predetermined amount of time after powering on, if described controlDevice is determined: the optical signal that described optical receiver detects is greater than described predetermined threshold value, described in the optical signal that detects describedDuring scheduled time slot, be less than described the first predetermined fluctuation scope, and the temperature increase that described temperature sensor detects exceedsA predetermined temperature difference threshold value, sends fire alarm message.
Preferably, described smoke alarm also comprises a temperature sensor, and it surveys in described detection cavity or described detectionNear temperature chamber, and described controller is also configured to: in the described predetermined amount of time after powering on, if described controlDevice is determined: the optical signal that described optical receiver detects is greater than described predetermined threshold value, described in the optical signal that detects describedDuring scheduled time slot, be greater than described the first predetermined fluctuation scope, but be less than a second predetermined fluctuation scope, and, described inThe temperature increase that temperature sensor detects exceeds a predetermined temperature difference threshold value, sends fire alarm message.
Above-mentioned cigarette sense is surveyed and has further been introduced thermograde criterion. For the very little condition of a fire (example of those initial stage optical signal fluctuationsAs the situation of plastics or other organic compound combustions), the introducing of thermograde criterion can contribute to determine in early days the condition of a fire, enterOne step reduces fire alarm and fails to report. In addition, because temperature sensor can be existing parts on smoke alarm, thereby this schemeAlso can not increase cost and complexity on the hardware of smoke alarm.
Preferably, the alarm threshold that described threshold value is fire alarm, or described predetermined temperature difference is the temperature threshold of fire alarm alarmValue. More preferably, described the first predetermined fluctuation scope is less than or equal to ± and 8%, be preferably less than or equal to ± 5%, particularly preferredEqual 2%; Described the second predetermined fluctuation scope is more than or equal to ± 8%, be preferably more than equal ± 10%; Described predetermined temperatureDegree difference limen value is more than or equal to 8 DEG C, is preferably more than and equals 10 DEG C. Particularly preferably, described predetermined amount of time is substantially at 2sBetween 180s, preferably at 30s between 180s, more preferably at 50s between 110s, be particularly preferably 60s or100s。
According to a further aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes a kind of method of being polluted fault by the report of optics smoke alarm.The method comprises: in a predetermined amount of time after described smoke alarm powers on, survey optical signal; After described powering onIn a scheduled time slot, if described in the optical signal that detects be greater than a predetermined threshold value, and described in the optical signal that detects existDuring described scheduled time slot, present minor fluctuations, send pollution failure message. Preferably, the optical signal detecting described in existsDuring described scheduled time slot, present the minor fluctuations within the scope of the first predetermined fluctuation.
Preferably, the method also comprises: in the described predetermined amount of time after powering on, described in the optical signal that detects be greater than instituteState predetermined threshold value, and described in the optical signal that detects during described scheduled time slot, exceeded a second predetermined fluctuation scope,Send fire alarm message, wherein said the second predetermined fluctuation scope is greater than described the first predetermined fluctuation scope.
More preferably, the method also comprises: survey near the temperature in detection cavity or described detection cavity in described smoke alarmDegree, and in described predetermined amount of time after powering on, if the optical signal detecting is greater than described predetermined threshold value, described spyThe optical signal measuring is greater than described the first predetermined fluctuation scope but is less than described the second predetermined fluctuation during described scheduled time slotScope, and the temperature increase detecting exceeds a predetermined temperature difference threshold value, sends fire alarm message.
Preferably, the alarm threshold that described threshold value is fire alarm. Preferably, the temperature that described predetermined temperature difference is fire alarm alarmThreshold value. Preferably, described the first predetermined fluctuation scope is less than or equal to ± and 8%, be preferably less than or equal to ± 5%, particularly preferablyEqual 2%. Preferably, described the second predetermined fluctuation scope is more than or equal to ± 8%, be preferably more than to equal ± 10%. Preferably,Described predetermined temperature difference threshold value is more than or equal to 8 DEG C, is preferably more than and equals 10 DEG C.
Below, by the mode with clearly understandable, accompanying drawings preferred embodiment, to above-mentioned characteristic, the technology of switching device shifterFeature, advantage and implementation thereof are further described.
Brief description of the drawings
The following drawings only schematically illustrates and explains the present invention, not delimit the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 shows a kind of method flow diagram of existing report pollution failure message.
Fig. 2 shows the structured flowchart of optical profile type smoke alarm according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B show respectively the optical signal that detects pollute and two kinds of situations of fire alarm under oscillogram and according toThe threshold value criterion of one embodiment of the invention and the schematic diagram of fluctuation range criterion.
Fig. 4 shows the method flow diagram of report pollution failure message according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B show respectively and survey the oscillogram of optical signal in pollution and two kinds of situations of fire alarm, and according to thisInvent the schematic diagram of threshold value criterion and the fluctuation range criterion of another embodiment.
Fig. 6 shows the method flow diagram of report pollution failure message in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 A and Fig. 7 B show respectively the oscillogram of the change in optical signal in fire alarm situation and the waveform that temperature signal changesFigure, and according to the present invention the threshold value criterion of another embodiment and the schematic diagram of fluctuation range criterion.
Fig. 8 shows the method flow diagram of the report pollution failure message of another embodiment according to the present invention.
Reference numeral
10: particle; 20: gas;
200: smoke alarm; 210: detection cavity; 220: light source; 230: optical receiver;
240: controller; 250: temperature sensor;
Th: threshold value; S: optical signal; T: temperature; R1, R2, R3: fluctuation range;
T4: temperature difference threshold value
Detailed description of the invention
For technical characterictic, object and the effect of invention are had more clearly and understood, now contrast brief description of the drawings tool of the present inventionBody embodiment, in each figure, identical label represents the identical or structural similarity of structure but the identical parts of function.
In this article, " schematically " expression " is served as example, example or explanation ", should " not show being described in this articleMeaning property " any diagram, embodiment be interpreted as a kind of preferred or have more the technical scheme of advantage.
For making drawing succinct, in each figure, only schematically show part related to the present invention, they do not represent its workFor the practical structures of product. In addition, for making drawing succinctly be convenient to understand, in some figure, there is the portion of same structure or functionPart, has only schematically illustrated one of them, or has only marked one of them.
In this article, " one " not only represents " only this ", also can represent the situation of " more than one ". In addition,In this article, " first ", " second " etc. are only for differentiation each other, but not represent their significance level and order etc.
Fig. 2 exemplarily shows the structure of optical profile type smoke alarm according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in Figure 2,Smoke alarm 200 comprises a detection cavity 210, at least one light source 220, at least one optical receiver 230 and oneController 240.
Detection cavity 210 has the opening being communicated with space outerpace. Gas 20 (for example air or cigarette) outside detection cavity 210Can diffuse in detection cavity 210 by these openings. The gas entering in detection cavity 210 may have certainParticle 10, the character of particle 10 determines whether it is the cigarette being caused by the condition of a fire. Such as, if when particle 10 is steam, gasFor fog; Particle 10 is for solid particle and reach certain size and may be the cigarette being caused by the condition of a fire when density.
Light source 220 is arranged to launch light in detection cavity 210. Light source 220 can be for example LED element. Work as detectionWhen the interior existence in chamber 210 has the gas of particle, the light that light source 220 sends is come by the particle scattering in gas. Scattering formsScattered beam received and sensing by the optical receiver 230 being placed in detection cavity 210. Optical receiver 230 can be photosensitive unitPart, for example light sensitive diode. In the example shown in Fig. 2, only show a light source 220 and an optical receiver 230.In some other application scenario, smoke alarm 200 also can have for example two or more light sources 220, orTwo or more optical receivers 230. The light wavelength that multiple light sources 220 send can differ from one another, and multiple light connectsReceive the also scattered light sensitivity to different wave length respectively of device 230.
In Fig. 2, light source 220 and optical receiver 230 are all connected to controller 240. Controller 240 is controlled light source on the one hand220 luminous time or sequential, gather from optical receiver 230 the optical signal S that it detects on the other hand. Conventionally,If controller 240 determines that the optical signal S collecting is greater than a fire alarm threshold value Th, there is fire alarm ALARM in report.
As shown in Figure 2, alternatively, smoke alarm 200 can also have a temperature sensor 250. This TEMPDevice 250 is also connected to controller 240, the temperature T that controller 240 collecting temperature sensors 250 sense, and warm accordinglyThe variable gradient of degree T judges whether to occur fire alarm. For thering is the smoke alarm of temperature-sensitive and sensitization function simultaneously, shouldTemperature sensor 250 is in sensing detection cavity or the temperature T of detection cavity vicinity, to realize temperature-sensitive fire alarm. ForSimple sensitization smoke alarm, this temperature sensor 250 can be placed in smoke alarm, be for example used for sensing printTemperature on circuit board processed, also can be placed in smoke alarm surface and be used for sense ambient temperature. If these temperature sensors are visitedThe temperature rate of change measuring is greater than a predetermined temperature difference threshold value, shows equally to occur the condition of a fire. Thermograde changes canTo judge as fire alarm together with optical signal criterion as assistant criteria.
In the smoke alarm 200 shown in Fig. 2, controller 240 gathers the optical signal S that optical receiver 230 detects.The present inventor has carefully analyzed after smoke alarm powers on the feature of optical signal S in a period of time P. Described hereThe time period P substantially 30s after powering on, between 180s, is preferably 50s to 110s, is more preferably 60s or 100s.In Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B, provided respectively under pollution condition and fire alarm situation under the oscillogram of optical signal S. As shown in Figure 3A,Under the serious pollution condition of for example dust, optical signal S is greater than very soon a predetermined threshold value Th, this threshold after powering onValue Th can be identical with fire alarm threshold value. Meanwhile, held stationary substantially in the time period P of optical signal S after powering on,Only present small fluctuation, its fluctuation range is for example in fluctuation range R1 as shown in Figure 3A. Suppose in cigarette sense and visitSurvey when device 200 powers on and occur the condition of a fire, the waveform of optical signal S as shown in Figure 3 B. From Fig. 3 B, powering on and initiallyAfter change, optical signal S is greater than threshold value Th equally very soon, presents comparatively significantly fluctuation status simultaneously in time period P,The undulate quantity Δ S of for example optical signal S is greater than fluctuation range R1. Here, fluctuation range R1 can be for example about ± 8%.Comparison diagram 3A and Fig. 3 B, whether the present inventor proposes to occur fluctuating according to optical signal S to distinguish pollution faultAnd fire alarm. For simplicity, the time period P shown in figure is a scheduled time slot after initializing. Due to smoke alarmRelatively fixing to the time having initialized from power on, the scheduled time slot of time period P after also can be understood as and powering in figure.
Fig. 4 exemplarily shows the method flow diagram of report pollution fault according to an embodiment of the invention. Shown in Fig. 4Method can be carried out by the controller 240 in Fig. 2. As shown in Figure 4, method flow is from step S110. ?Step S110, smoke alarm 200 powers on. At step S120, controller 240 completes initialization procedure. Initialize itAfter, in step S130, controller 240 gathers from optical receiver 230 the optical signal S detecting in time period P.And then, in step S140, judge whether optical signal S is greater than a threshold value Th. Threshold value Th can be for reporting fire alarmThreshold value. If optical signal S is less than threshold value Th, illustrates that the interior dust of current detection cavity is not serious and there is no the condition of a fire, streamJourney advances to step S190, enters conventional operation. Here routine operation refers to the routine behaviour during operation of smoke alarmDo, for example, comprise monitoring dust state, and enable dust backoff algorithm.
In Fig. 4, be greater than threshold value Th if judge optical signal S at step S140 place, show or occurred fire alarm,Exist and pollute fault. Pollute fault and fire alarm in order to distinguish, flow process enters step S450. In step S450, controlDevice 240 further judges whether the undulate quantity Δ S of optical signal S exceeds a predetermined fluctuation range R1. If optical signal S isReveal minor fluctuations, for example as shown in Figure 3A, its undulate quantity Δ S drops in fluctuation range R1 in time period P, tableThe signal S of Mingguang City is greater than threshold value Th to be caused by dust or pollution, and flow process enters step S460. In step S460,Controller 240 reports and pollutes failure message FAULT. Otherwise, if optical signal S presents obvious fluctuation, for example, as figureShown in 3B, its undulate quantity Δ S exceeds fluctuation range R1, shows that optical signal S is greater than threshold value Th and is caused by cigarette, streamJourney enters step S480. In step S480, the message of reporting a fire on controller 240 ALARM. Here, alternatively,Step S480 also can save, and, when determining in step S450 that Δ S exceeds fluctuation range R1, directly enters step S190Carry out routine operation. At this moment, in routine operation, because optical signal S is greater than fire alarm threshold value Th, thereby controller 240On the message ALARM that reports a fire.
In the method flow shown in Fig. 4, whether controller 240 is not only greater than threshold value Th according to the optical signal S detectingJudge fire alarm, also can whether occur that obviously dirt is further distinguished in fluctuation according to optical signal S in a scheduled time slot P after powering onDye fault and fire alarm. Adopt the method shown in Fig. 4, smoke alarm 200 can report in time pollution fault to disappear after powering onBreath, if occur while powering on, the condition of a fire reports a fire on also can be in time simultaneously, and can not disturb because of pollution. Thus, adopt Fig. 4 instituteThe method of showing can be successfully by the dust test of addressing before.
In order to increase the degree of accuracy of polluting fault judgement, the present inventor further proposes to adopt as shown in Figure 5 A and 5BThe determination methods with double oscillation scope criterion, its method flow diagram is as shown in Figure 6. Particularly, Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B divideDo not provided under pollution condition and fire alarm situation under the oscillogram of optical signal S. As shown in Figure 5A, in the serious dirt of dustDye in situation, after smoke alarm powers on and completes initialization, optical signal S is greater than the threshold value Th of fire alarm very soon. Meanwhile,In the time period P of optical signal S after initialization, present small fluctuation, the undulate quantity Δ S of optical signal S falls into fluctuationIn scope R2. Here, fluctuation range R2 is preferably less than ± and 8%, be more preferably less than or equal to ± 5%, particularly preferably etc.In 2%. As shown in Figure 5 B, if there is the condition of a fire while powering on, optical signal S is greater than threshold value Th equally very soon, simultaneously at the beginning ofIn time period P after beginningization, optical signal S presents comparatively significantly fluctuation, and for example its undulate quantity Δ S is greater than fluctuation rangeR3. Here, fluctuation range R3 is greater than fluctuation range R2. Fluctuation range R3 for example can be greater than ± and 8%, even be greater than etc.In ± 10%.
Fig. 6 exemplarily shows in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention report and pollutes the method for fault, wherein utilized asDouble oscillation scope criterion shown in Fig. 5 A and 5B. In Fig. 6, method flow is from step S110～S140, S190, S460Identical with step shown in Fig. 4 with S480, repeat no more here. Different from Fig. 4, in step S140, if optical signal SBe greater than threshold value Th, enter step S650. In step S650, controller 240 further judges the fluctuation of optical signal SWhether amount Δ S exceeds a less predetermined fluctuation scope R2. If optical signal S presents comparatively small fluctuation, for example asThe S of its undulate quantity Δ shown in Fig. 5 A, in fluctuation range R2, shows that it is by dust or pollution that optical signal S is greater than threshold value ThCause, flow process enters step S460. In step S460, controller 240 reports and pollutes failure message FAULT. InsteadIt, if the undulate quantity Δ S of optical signal S is greater than fluctuation range R2, flow process enters step S670. In step S670,Controller 240 further judges whether the undulate quantity Δ S of optical signal exceeds a larger fluctuation range R3, if exceed tableThe signal S of Mingguang City is greater than threshold value Th to be caused by cigarette, and flow process enters step S480. In step S480, controller 240On the message ALARM that reports a fire. If the undulate quantity Δ S of optical signal S just drop on fluctuation range R2 and fluctuation range R3 itBetween, a kind of optional processing mode is repeated execution of steps S140～S670 again after the certain hour of interval. If fire alarm,Will inevitably exceed fluctuation range R3 through Δ S after a period of time. If pollute, Δ S through after a while stablize itAfter will inevitably fall in fluctuation range R2.
In the method flow shown in Fig. 6, controller 240 adopts double oscillation scope R2 and R3 to distinguish pollution as criterionFault and fire alarm. Adopt double oscillation scope criterion, only have when the fluctuation of optical signal S small (in fluctuation range R2)Just be judged as pollution fault, and only have and be obviously just judged as fire alarm when (being greater than fluctuation range R3) when the fluctuation of optical signal S.Like this, compared to single fluctuation range R1 criterion, double oscillation scope criterion to the differentiation of pollution fault and fire alarm moreFor accurately, can further reduce wrong report and fail to report fire alarm.
Fail to report in order further to reduce fire alarm, the present inventor further proposes to utilize thermograde to come as additional criteriaDistinguish and pollute fault and fire alarm. Fig. 7 A and Fig. 7 B show respectively the optical signal that optical receiver is surveyed in fire alarm situationThe oscillogram of the temperature T that the oscillogram of S and temperature sensor senses arrive. As shown in Figure 7 A, for example, such as plasticsIn the situation of organic material burning or wood combustion, optical signal S may be also not obvious in the fluctuation at condition of a fire initial stage, undulate quantity Δ SProbably drop between for example fluctuation range R2 and fluctuation range R3. At this moment can further introduce thermograde as auxiliaryCriterion. As shown in Figure 7 B, in time period P, if the growth rate of temperature T is very fast for the condition of a fire, its temperature increment Δ TBe greater than temperature difference threshold value T4. Otherwise if pollute, temperature T does not almost have significant change. Here temperature difference threshold value T4,The fire alarm threshold value that is preferably heat detector, is preferably more than and equals 8 DEG C, is more preferably more than or equal to 10 DEG C.
Fig. 8 exemplarily shows the pollution fault side of reporting of the introducing thermograde criterion of another embodiment according to the present inventionMethod. Step S110～S670, step S460 in Fig. 8,480 identical with content shown in Fig. 6 with step S190, hereRepeat no more. Different from Fig. 6, in step S670, if the undulate quantity Δ S of optical signal S drops on fluctuation range R2 justAnd between fluctuation range R3, flow process advances to step S875. In step S875, judge temperature sensor 250 timeBetween the temperature difference Δ T that detects in P of section whether exceed a predetermined temperature difference threshold value T4. If exceed, as Fig. 7 B instituteShow, show to occur the condition of a fire, flow process enters step S480. In step S480, the message of reporting a fire on controller 240 ALARM.In step S875, if temperature difference Δ T does not exceed temperature gap T4, enter step S460 and report pollution fault FAULT.
Example shown in Fig. 8 is that double oscillation scope criterion is combined with thermograde criterion. Alternatively, thermograde criterionAlso can combine with the single fluctuation range criterion shown in Fig. 4. That is to say, when the undulate quantity Δ S of optical signal S is less than rippleWhen moving scope R1, if can further determine, the temperature difference Δ T in time period P does not exceed temperature gap T4. If exceed,The message of reporting a fire ALARM, otherwise determine that it is pollution fault.
For the very little condition of a fire of those initial stage optical signal fluctuations, the introducing of thermograde criterion can further reduce fire alarm and fail to report.Preferably, temperature sensor 250 is existing parts on smoke alarm, thereby also can not increase on the hardware of smoke alarmCost and complexity.
Although should be appreciated that this description is according to each embodiment description, be not that each embodiment only comprises one solelyVertical technical scheme, this narrating mode of description is only for clarity sake, those skilled in the art should be by descriptionDo as a wholely, the technical scheme in each embodiment also can be through appropriately combined, and formation it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art thatOther embodiments.
Listed a series of detailed description is above only for the illustrating of feasibility embodiment of the present invention, theyNot in order to limit the scope of the invention, allly do not depart from equivalent embodiment or the change that skill spirit of the present invention is done,As the combination of feature, cut apart or repeat, within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. a smoke alarm, comprising:
A detection cavity (210), it is suitable for receiving the gas with particle (10) from smoke alarm outside;
At least one light source (220), it is suitable for launching light into described detection cavity (210);
At least one optical receiver (230), it is surveyed by particle (10) scattering in described detection cavity (210) and formsOptical signal (S);
A controller (240), is connected to described light source (220) and described optical receiver (230), and is configured to upperA predetermined amount of time (P) after electricity is if interior definite:
The optical signal (S) that described optical receiver (230) detects is greater than a predetermined threshold value (Th), and
The described optical signal detecting (S) presents minor fluctuations during described scheduled time slot (P),
Send and pollute fault (FAULT) message.
2. smoke alarm as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described in the optical signal (S) that detects after described powering onDuring scheduled time slot (P), present the minor fluctuations in the first predetermined fluctuation scope (R1, R2).
3. as the smoke alarm as described in arbitrary in claim 1-2, wherein, described controller (240) is also configured to:In a predetermined amount of time (P) after powering on, if determine:
The optical signal (S) that described optical receiver (230) detects is greater than described predetermined threshold value (Th), and
In the described predetermined amount of time (P) of the described optical signal detecting (S) after powering on, exceed described first pre-Determine fluctuation range (R1),
Send fire alarm (ALARM) message.
4. as the smoke alarm as described in arbitrary in claim 1-2, wherein, described controller (240) is also configured to powering onAfter a predetermined amount of time (P) if in determine:
The optical signal (S) that described optical receiver (230) detects is greater than described predetermined threshold value (Th), and
During the scheduled time slot (P) of the described optical signal detecting (S) after described powering on, exceeded one second pre-Determine fluctuation range (R3),
Send fire alarm (ALARM) message,
Wherein said the second predetermined fluctuation scope (R3) is greater than described the first predetermined fluctuation scope (R2).
5. as the smoke alarm as described in arbitrary in claim 1-2, also comprise a temperature sensor (250), it surveys instituteState near the temperature (T) in detection cavity (210) or described detection cavity (210), and,
Described controller (240) is also configured to, in the predetermined amount of time (P) after powering on, if determine:
The optical signal (S) that described optical receiver (230) detects is greater than described predetermined threshold value (Th),
In the scheduled time slot (P) of the described optical signal detecting (S) after described powering on, be less than the described first pre-standing waveMoving scope (R1), and,
Temperature increase in the scheduled time slot (P) of described temperature sensor (250) after described powering on exceeds one in advanceFixed temperature difference threshold value (T4),
Send fire alarm (ALARM) message.
6. as the smoke alarm as described in arbitrary in claim 1-2, also comprise a temperature sensor (250), it surveys instituteState near the temperature in detection cavity (210) or described detection cavity (210), and,
Described controller (240) be also configured to a predetermined amount of time (P) after powering on if in determine:
The optical signal (S) that described optical receiver (230) detects is greater than described predetermined threshold value (Th),
The described optical signal detecting (S) is greater than described the first predetermined fluctuation scope during described scheduled time slot (P)(R2), but be less than a second predetermined fluctuation scope (R3), and,
The temperature increase of described temperature sensor (250) in described scheduled time slot (P) exceeds a predetermined temperatureDifference limen value (T4),
Send fire alarm (ALARM) message.
7. as the smoke alarm as described in arbitrary in claim 1-6, wherein, the alarm threshold that described threshold value (Th) is fire alarm,Or, the temperature threshold that described predetermined temperature difference threshold value (T4) is fire alarm alarm.
8. as the smoke alarm as described in arbitrary in claim 1-7, wherein,
Described the first predetermined fluctuation scope (R1, R2) is less than or equal to ± and 8%, be preferably less than or equal to ± 5%, particularly preferablyEqual 2%;
Described the second predetermined fluctuation scope (R3) is more than or equal to ± 8%, be preferably more than equal ± 10%;
Described predetermined temperature difference threshold value (T4) is more than or equal to 8 DEG C, is preferably more than and equals 10 DEG C.
9. as the smoke alarm as described in arbitrary in claim 1-8, wherein, described predetermined amount of time (P) is substantially at 2sBetween 180s, be preferably 50s to 110s, be more preferably 60s or 100s.
10. a method of being polluted fault by the report of optics smoke alarm, comprising:
In a predetermined amount of time (P) after described smoke alarm powers on, survey optical signal (S);
In a scheduled time slot (P) after described powering on, if described in the optical signal (S) that detects be greater than a predetermined thresholdValue (Th), and described in the optical signal (S) that detects during described scheduled time slot (P), present minor fluctuations, send dirtDye fault (FAULT) message.
11. methods as claimed in claim 10, wherein, described in the optical signal (S) that detects at described scheduled time slot (P)Present during this time the minor fluctuations in the first predetermined fluctuation scope (R1, R2).
12. methods as described in claim 10 or 11, also comprise: in the described predetermined amount of time (P) after powering on, and instituteState the optical signal (S) detecting and be greater than described predetermined threshold value (Th), and described in the optical signal (S) that detects existDuring described scheduled time slot (P), exceed a second predetermined fluctuation scope (R3), sent fire alarm (ALARM)Message, wherein said the second predetermined fluctuation scope (R3) is greater than described the first predetermined fluctuation scope (R2).
13. as the method as described in arbitrary in claim 10-11, wherein, also comprises:
Survey near the temperature in detection cavity in described smoke alarm (210) or described detection cavity (210), and
In described predetermined amount of time (P) after powering on, if the optical signal detecting (S) is greater than described predetermined threshold value (Th),The described optical signal detecting (S) is greater than described the first predetermined fluctuation scope (R2) during described scheduled time slot (P)But be less than described the second predetermined fluctuation scope (R3), and temperature increase in described scheduled time slot (P) exceed one pre-Fixed temperature difference threshold value (T4), sends fire alarm (ALARM) message.
14. as the method as described in arbitrary in claim 10-13, wherein,
Described first threshold is fire alarm threshold value;
The temperature threshold that described predetermined temperature difference threshold value (T4) is fire alarm;
Described the first predetermined fluctuation scope (R1, R2) is less than or equal to ± and 8%, be preferably less than or equal to ± 5%, particularly preferredEqual 2%;
Described the second predetermined fluctuation scope (R3) is more than or equal to ± 8%, be preferably more than equal ± 10%; Or
Described predetermined temperature difference threshold value (T4) is more than or equal to 8 DEG C, is preferably more than and equals 10 DEG C.
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| CN117095504A (en) * | 2023-10-18 | 2023-11-21 | 江西省水生生物保护救助中心 | Indoor alarm device of fishery thing networking monitoring |
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