DE102008037574A1 - Decentralized energy efficiency through autonomous, self-organizing systems taking into account heterogeneous energy sources - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a local system having an energy network, with which energy consumers and fixed stations for connecting mobile energy sources are connected. The system allows optimization of energy usage by dynamically adding mobile energy sources. By means of the automatic coverage of part of the total energy consumption in the system by feeding energy from mobile energy sources, among other things, fluctuation of the amount of energy which has to be drawn from the public power grid can be minimized.

Description

The The invention relates to a decentralized system of energy consumers and energy sources, whose use is monitored by means of a process, controlled and optimized.

From the U.S. Patent No. 7,373,222 B1 There is already known a system and method that is intended to facilitate dynamic energy management and to optimize the use of energy. The system consists of energy consumers, such as machines, pumps, conveyor belts, etc., which in each case a so-called load controller is assigned, which monitors the energy consumption. Like the energy consumers, the load controllers are spatially distributed, but are nevertheless connected to each other via a network and to a master controller. It records the total consumption, uses the load controller to determine which energy consumers are not active, and sets the priority of the individual energy consumers in terms of energy allocation. The total energy consumption is compared in real time with a maximum possible or optimal consumption, and if this value is exceeded, load controllers are instructed depending on the priority specifications to switch off the energy consumers assigned to them or to reduce their energy consumption. If the maximum or optimum consumption is undercut, energy consumers are switched on accordingly. However, the functionality of the master controller can also be taken over by a plurality of load controllers, which can work together and be controlled by intelligent software agents. The system according to US 7,373,222 B1 draws its energy only from one source, the public grid. In this case, an attempt is made to avoid exceeding a predetermined energy consumption, with an adjustment of energy consumption in the system to the predetermined maximum value solely via the control of the energy consumers, which leads depending on the situation forced forced to switch off certain energy consumers. The possibilities of using alternative energy sources, including energy storage, are not recognized.

The US patent specification entitled US 7,274,975 B2 also describes systems and methods for optimizing energy consumption, but also aims to connect them to an optimized power supply. The system is controlled by a so-called controller (computer and software) with the aim of minimizing energy costs. For this purpose, only the marginal costs for the different stationary energy sources (solar cells, fuel cells, energy storage or the public power grid, etc.) are determined. Then the capacities of the individual energy sources - with the exception of the public power grid - and the energy demand in the system are determined. Subsequently, a dynamic energy allocation depending on the marginal costs and capacities of the individual energy sources to cover the specified consumption with minimal costs. In addition, the possibility is envisaged to put the operation of certain energy consumers in those time intervals in which the energy costs are low. So both energy consumption and energy supply are controlled. In the system according to US 7,274,975 B2 again, it is a fixed system with respect to its components, which is not decentralized but centrally organized, which impairs scalability.

The The object of the present invention is a local system and to provide a method which includes enable distributed, flexible energy management. The The objective is to optimize energy use and in particular in a smoothing of the load curve in energy consumption. Further tasks and advantages emerge from the following Versions.

The The object is achieved by a system according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 7.

• – eine oder mehrere zentrale Management-Einheiten (SEA-ME) sowie eine oder mehrere weitere Management-Einheiten, wobei jede Management-Einheit vorzugsweise mindestens eine Prozessoreinheit, mindestens eine Speichereinheit und mindestens eine Kommunikationseinrichtung und/oder Datenschnittstelle aufweist, wobei es bevorzugt ist, dass das System eine SEA-ME aufweist,
• – ein oder mehrere Energie-Controller, wobei die Energie-Controller Mittel zur Regelung und/oder Schaltung von Stromkreisen aufweisen, wobei jeder Energie-Controller über eine Datenschnittstelle mit mindestens einer Management-Einheit (SEC-ME) in Verbindung steht,
• – ein oder mehrere Energie-Verbraucher V₁–V_B (B ∊ IN; B ≥ 1; mit der Bedeutung: B ist ein beliebiges Element (∊) der natürlichen Zahlen (IN) mit der Einschränkung dass B größer oder gleich eins ist. Entsprechendes gilt auch für alle weiteren solchen Angaben),
• – eine oder mehrere Messeinrichtungen zur Messung des Energieverbrauchs der Energie-Verbraucher,
• – eine oder mehrere mobile Energie-Quellen Q₁–Q_K (K ∊ IN; K ≥ 1), wobei jeder Energie-Quelle eine Management-Einheit (CA-ME) zugeordnet ist,
• – Messeinrichtungen zur Messung der in den mobilen Energie-Quellen Q₁–Q_K gespeicherten Energiemengen E₁–E_K (K ∊ IN; K ≥ 1), wobei die Messeinrichtungen, die jeweils einer mobilen Energie-Quelle Q₁–Q_K zugeordnet sind über Datenschnittstellen direkt oder indirekt mit der jeweiligen CA-ME in Verbindung stehen,
• – eine oder mehrere ortsfeste Stationen für den Anschluss der mobilen Energie-Quellen an ein systeminternes Energie-Netz, wobei jeder Station oder jeder Gruppe von Stationen eine Management-Einheiten (SA-ME) zugeordnet ist,
• – eine oder mehrere Energieübertragungseinrichtungen, welche zusammen ein systeminternes Energie-Netz bilden, wobei zumindest die Energie-Verbraucher, die Stationen und die Energie-Controller über das systeminterne Energie-Netz miteinander in Verbindung stehen.

Preferably, said system is a local system for using mobile energy sources comprising at least the following components:

• One or more central management units (SEA-ME) and one or more further management units, wherein each management unit preferably has at least one processor unit, at least one memory unit and at least one communication device and / or data interface, wherein it is preferred that the system has an SEA-ME,
• One or more energy controllers, wherein the energy controllers comprise means for controlling and / or switching circuits, wherein each energy controller communicates with at least one management unit (SEC-ME) via a data interface,
• One or more energy consumers V ₁ -V _B (B ∈ IN; B ≥ 1, with the meaning: B is an arbitrary element (ε) of the natural numbers (IN) with the restriction that B is greater than or equal to one. The same applies to all other such information),
• - One or more measuring devices for measuring the energy consumption of the energy Ver consumers,
• One or more mobile energy sources Q ₁ -Q _K (K ∈ IN; K ≥ 1), each energy source being assigned a management unit (CA-ME),
• Measuring devices for measuring the amounts of energy stored in the mobile energy sources Q ₁ -Q _K E ₁ -E _K (K ∈ IN; K ≥ 1), wherein the measuring devices, each associated with a mobile energy source Q ₁ -Q _K are directly or indirectly connected to the respective CA-ME via data interfaces,
• One or more stationary stations for the connection of the mobile energy sources to an intrinsic energy network, each station or group of stations being assigned a management unit (SA-ME),
• - One or more energy transmission devices, which together form an intrinsic energy network, wherein at least the energy consumers, the stations and the energy controllers are connected to each other via the system-internal energy network.

Prefers stand several or all of the components of the above system (preferably with the exception of the mobile energy source) the intrinsic energy network interconnected, wherein it is in the energy transmission devices, which form the intrinsic energy network, preferably around power cables is.

Of the Energy controller can take the form of a central switching unit or consist of a plurality of distributed switches, which preferably interfaces and / or communication devices exhibit. An example of a distributed from arranged switches existing power controller would be two or more digital power chips, which with means for controlling and / or switching of circuits are equipped and where appropriate measuring devices for measuring the Energy flow are assigned. The individual parts of such Energy controllers, for example, directly from the SEM-ME are controlled. One of a variety of distributed switches existing power controller simplifies the scalability of the Systems, because the switches are, for example, in the energy consumers themselves, they can do so without changing the intrinsic system Power Network can be easily connected.

at the management units are preferably computers, it being preferred that one is on each management unit or several so-called software agents or short "agents" are located. The agents are computer programs that perform certain tasks take over in the said system or certain processes or Control process steps.

If following tasks or activities of the agents is spoken, is under each of the task or activity understood the corresponding agent associated management unit become.

The preferably autonomously acting agents are each specific to the completion of their intended tasks and form together Multigagentensystem. In particular, reference is made to four agents, namely the Smart Energy Agent (SEA), the Smart Energy Controller (SEC), the Station Agent (SA) and the Car Agent (CA), where it is while the SEC is a computer program but not necessarily must act as an intelligent agent. The SEA is the central one Management Unit (SEA-ME) assigned during the SEC on the management unit of the energy controller (SEC-ME) located. The Mobile Energy Source Management Unit (CA-ME) Contains the CA and the management unit of the station (SA-ME) houses the SA. The agents take over the most important Decision processes of the distributed energy management system. Their main tasks are to monitor situations the behavior of the system or its components and that to anticipate the user and to optimize the system. Also, errors must be detected and communicated accordingly become.

at The SEA-ME and the SEC-ME may be two different, over a data interface related management units or act around the same management unit. Alternatively or in addition This may be the SEA-ME and the SA-ME to two different over a data interface related management units or to the same management entity, with preference is that the system has an SEA-ME and / or it at least for the SEA-ME and SA-ME for two or more different management units is.

in the Normally, the system has an SEA-ME. Naturally Several such systems can become larger Units are joined together. The different SEA-MEs then communicate with each other and one of the SEA MEs or a group from SEA-MEs or all SEA-MEs of the systems together then the task of the SEA-ME for the larger one Unit.

The system according to the invention enables a distributed energy management, wherein the agents or their associated Manage ment units preferably located spatially separated into three main domains: home area, station and mobile energy source. The home area is the sum of all system components except the stations and the mobile energy sources. The mobile energy sources may, for example, be batteries that are preferably located in a user's vehicle. A named system is therefore particularly preferred, inter alia, if one or more of the mobile energy sources is an energy store, in particular batteries, one or more of the mobile energy sources preferably being part of vehicles, in particular of Electric vehicles and / or hybrid vehicles. In this document, the terms "vehicle", "electric car" or "battery" in addition to the meaning of the words in addition to any mobile energy source to be understood. Accordingly, "charge" and "discharge" are also generally understood to mean the supply of energy to the mobile energy source and the release of energy from the mobile energy source.

The Decision-making processes that contribute to the efficient use of energy, for example in a household o. Ä. are necessary, are by the realized distributed multi-agent system realized. Under the "use" or "energy use" is to understand the use of energy from energy sources, in particular the use of energy from mobile energy sources and / or an external power grid and / or stationary energy sources for Operation of energy consumers and / or charging of mobile and / or stationary energy sources.

aim The invention is the optimization of energy use in a local System. This optimization can be for example to one or more of the following objectives: smoothing the system specific load curve for energy consumption or the Minimization of energy costs or optimization of energy availability (planned Use of vehicles, reserves in case of power failure etc.) or the Relief of the public power grid or the power consumption or the power delivered by the local system to the system external Energy network (public power supply network) in Situations in which this by the operator of the system-external energy network is desired (eg to avoid network congestion). This is achieved in particular by dynamic addition (to the system or the system-internal energy network) and switching a or more mobile energy sources.

The above-mentioned agents take over the automatic Login and authentication of the mobile energy source or of the vehicle. This is preferably done through cooperation between CA and SA. About interaction protocols are then the current battery data is exchanged between the agents. This enables automatic and autonomous recognition the current vehicle and the current battery and their states. Through this technical implementation, the vehicle and the battery interchangeable and the configuration can be changed dynamically. It is also possible to have several vehicles at one station to register. The determination of the amount of energy stored in the battery E can also be done automatically, for example if the mobile Power source logged in to the station and / or over an energy transfer device with the intrinsic system Energy network is connected.

Furthermore becomes a current energy usage plan for the amount of energy E in the mobile energy source (eg planned use of the vehicle) submitted to the SEA or the SA and possibly with existing energy use plans of the home area (eg. Planned use of certain energy consumers). Such plans may include, for example, the nature and / or Number of energy consumers used and / or time spent in the they are used and / or the duration and / or extent of their use Use included, these parameters by the user or can be determined by an agent. The Energy Use Plan based on the mobile energy source and the home area among other things preferably on the current state of the mobile Energy source and the current plans of the user.

A The task of the agents is also to recognize the personal Plans of the user whose "energy usage habits", and creating a forecast for the future Use.

Prefers An automatic compensation of the load peaks takes place by switching on the mobile energy source to the system's power network to the fed by the system determined energy consumers. The means that part of the total energy consumption in the system Injecting energy from the mobile energy source into the intrinsic system Energy network is covered. The goal is not the fluctuation of the through the mobile energy sources (and possibly stationary Energy sources, cf. below) of the total energy consumption low in the system, d. H. Generally, not of components or energy sources of the system related proportion of energy, the is needed to cover the energy consumption preferably be kept as constant as possible.

The process of discharge (time, Dau he, quantity) is technically controlled by communication via interaction protocols between the agents. These protocols exchange ontologies that contain the necessary up-to-date data for the discharge of mobile energy sources. It also synchronizes the internal power network switching on the mobile power source side and the home side side. The agents use a software interface on both sides to trigger a circuit. Through dynamic interaction of intelligent agents, the charging of the mobile energy source is preferably realized at a time of low energy costs.

The Components of the system are preferably within and / or alongside and / or on a building, a building complex or a group of buildings, it being the case Building, the building complex or the group of Buildings preferably around residential buildings and / or Office buildings and / or production facilities and / or a district.

considered for example, the relationship between the public Energy supply and the connected households, so provides the invention is a subsystem thereof. Nowadays it is up to the Energy supplier itself, the load curve of a supraregional Systems of households, production plants, public Buildings etc. by switching off energy consumers in public buildings or through an over the course of the day changing electricity price, consumer behavior influenced, even. In contrast, the invention aims to a smoothing of the load curve of local systems and thus also achieves a smoothing of the total load curve a supraregional system. While an energy provider except in public buildings barely control over individual Energy consumers, for example, in a household, is this possible within a local system, what a much improved fine control allowed. Across from A supraregional system is a host of local ones Systems also less in terms of controlling energy consumption prone to failure and more flexible. Yet remains the regulatory option for the energy provider the electricity price design received. Additionally is through Redistribution of load within the local system a smoothing the load curve possible without reducing energy consumption, thus, the resident becomes in the use of energy consumers as electrical appliances in no way limited.

One above system according to the invention has as a further component preferably still one or more stationary Energy sources and / or energy storage on and / or the intrinsic Energy network is by means of one or more energy transfer devices connected to an external power network, whereby it is external Energy network preferably around the public electricity supply, d. H. the public power grid is acting.

are as additional components of the invention Systems stationary energy sources or energy storage such as photovoltaic systems or wind turbines will be available even better smoothing of the load curve allows. Of course it will continue in most cases be necessary that the system to the public energy supply is connected, as a local power production rarely at a cost can be done with those of the public electricity supplier can compete.

In Another preferred embodiment, the system also measuring equipment for measuring environmental conditions on, in particular measuring devices for measuring one or more the following conditions: solar radiation, wind force, Precipitation, humidity, barometric pressure, temperature, day length. With the help of such measuring devices, the amount of energy, which be obtained from certain stationary energy sources can be predicted.

As mentioned above, the control of the system according to the invention is realized by a multi-agent system. The tasks of the individual agents in detail are preferably as follows:
The CA is located on a management unit associated with the Mobile Energy Source (CA-ME). There he monitors the amount of energy E present in the energy source and also has additional information about the activities and plans of the user of the mobile energy source. In case of possibly alarming conditions of the mobile energy source (existing amount of energy E or its change) he initiates countermeasures. The CA communicates with the SA and / or the SEA and always tries to provide it with an up-to-date picture of the amount of energy E present in the mobile energy source so that it can optimally control the flow of energy to and from the mobile energy source.

In addition to the amount of energy E, the CA also monitors other data recorded in the user profiles: If the mobile energy source is a vehicle, then for example the user profiles with the routes traveled and / or the distances traveled and / or or the need for energy to be updated on a regular basis. Under user profiles are Understand data that is associated with the user and describes their energy usage behavior. Restrictions on the flow of energy to and from the mobile energy source (battery charge / discharge limitations) are also kept up to date and communicated and exchanged on a regular basis. If the mobile energy source is a vehicle, the CA has the ability to record or measure traveled distances and to correlate them with energy consumption in order to predict the duration of journeys and the associated energy consumption.

Of the CA also acts as an interface for the user or driver, to whose interests, so for example Plans and rules for using the vehicle to record or its information needs. In particular, he can over a user interface or output device provides information about the available amount of energy E and any restrictions concerning the energy flow from and to the mobile energy source give. In addition to monitoring the amount of energy available E in the mobile energy source, the CA also gives the periods and amounts of energy flow to and from the mobile energy source before and ensures secure communication (encrypted Communication link) with the station or the SA and / or with the home area or the SEA.

Of the SA monitors the processes on the station. He recognizes, when a mobile power source approaches the station and acts in a handshake with the CA, if necessary a connection of the mobile power source to the station and thus to the intrinsic energy network. A connection will only be such Mobile energy sources allows in the handshake / negotiation phase pass the appropriate authentication data. The SA is therefore responsible for the connection of the mobile energy source to the station as well as the authentication of mobile energy sources and agents and he serves as the entry point for communication between the CAs and the other components of the system. In particular, the SA acts as a communication bridge between CA and SEA logs the flow of energy to and from the mobile energy source and answers inquiries about those in the mobile energy source existing amount of energy E or the maximum possible amount of energy. Furthermore, the SA provides information on protocols concerning the energy flow from or to the mobile energy source, about own state and login protocols (login protocols).

Of the SEA is on the SEA-ME in the home area of the user. at It brings together all the relevant data streams that the Affect users. Through the interface, the user can do all See information about the energy management and can change the existing user preferences or user profiles make, for example, rules and plans for change or add the energy usage. Under Taking into account the changes created by the SEA then rules and controls or programs with it the SEC. So the SEA is responsible for the administration the preferences and plans of the user and the control of the SEC. It enables or accomplishes the access to the power controller, either directly or through the SEC. In addition, the SEA shows the current circuit of the Energy controller and allows and / or calculated Rule modifications. The SEA has identification procedures a relationship of trust with the stations, mobile energy sources and the user upright. The user identification can be over biometric procedures are carried out.

Of the SEC is responsible for the relevant circuits, So the regulation of circuits in the system internal energy network. This also includes those circuits that connect (ie adding and removing) of certain mobile Energy sources. The SEC controls the energy controller and thus also the energy consumption in the system, for example in a household. According to the plans and Rules for energy use in the system he takes the control of energy distribution in front. In addition, he draws the means of measuring devices measured energy consumption, ie the use of energy consumers individually, in groups, or altogether, from which subsequently Predictions on future energy consumption or future Energy use can be generated. Over a Secure communication connection is in contact with the SEC SEA and provides an interface for this, so that the SEA query the circuit of the power controller and in return, directly or indirectly control the energy controller can.

The above remarks on the distribution of tasks among the agents represent only a preferred embodiment, wherein the invention is not limited to this division of tasks or these combinations of tasks: It is essential that the agents or the management units on which they are able to perform the inventive method. For example, it would be possible to integrate the functionality of the SEC and / or the SA into the SEA, or two or more of the agents could be executed on a single management entity. In addition, it should be noted that the above tasks and activities of the agents also individually - not just in combination nation - represent preferred embodiments. Since each agent is assigned a management unit, the above statements are preferably also to be understood such that the tasks and functions described with respect to a specific agent are fulfilled by the management unit assigned to it.

• a) der Energieverbrauch der Energie-Verbraucher V₁–V_B (B ∊ IN; B ≥ 1) des Systems zu den Zeitpunkten T₁–T_C (C ∊ IN; C ≥ 1) oder einer Teilmenge davon gemessen wird, wobei die Messwerte für den Energieverbrauch direkt oder indirekt an eine Management-Einheit übermittelt werden, wobei auf der Grundlage der Messwerte für den Energieverbrauch eine Berechnung des Gesamtenergieverbrauchs G zu den Zeitpunkten T_D–T_E (D, E ∊ IN; 1 ≤ D ≤ E ≤ C) durchgeführt wird, wobei es sich bei der Management-Einheit um die SEC-ME oder die SEA-ME handelt.
• b) von einer Management-Einheit auf der Grundlage von zumindest dem Gesamtenergieverbrauch G zu den Zeitpunkten T_D–T_E oder einer Teilmengen davon eine Berechnung des voraussichtlichen Gesamtenergieverbrauchs Z zu den (zukünftigen) Zeitpunkten T_G–T_H (G, H ∊ IN; C ≤ G ≤ H) durchgeführt wird, wobei es sich bei der Management-Einheit vorzugsweise um die SEA-ME handelt,
• c) die in den Energie-Quellen Q₁–Q_K (K ∊ IN; K ≥ 1) gespeicherten Energiemengen E₁–E_K (K ∊ IN; K ≥ 1) gemessen werden, und die Messwerte für E₁–E_K an die CA-ME übermittelt werden,
• d) die Messwerte für E₁–E_K von der CA-ME direkt oder indirekt an die SEA-ME übermittelt werden,
• e) die SEA-ME zumindest auf der Grundlage des Gesamtenergieverbrauchs Z und der Messwerte für E₁–E_K eine Planung für eine optimierte Energie-Nutzung im System zu den (zukünftigen) Zeitpunkten T_G–T_H vornimmt, d. h. dass die SEA-ME vorzugsweise
• – eine Berechnung vornimmt, um zu ermitteln, wie viel des voraussichtlichen Gesamtenergieverbrauchs Z zu den Zeitpunkten T_G–T_H und/oder des gegenwärtigen Gesamtenergieverbrauchs durch E₁–E_K gedeckt werden kann, und/oder
• – eine Berechnung vornimmt, um zu ermitteln, wie viel des voraussichtlichen Gesamtenergieverbrauchs Z zu den Zeitpunkten T_G–T_H und/oder des gegenwärtigen Gesamtenergieverbrauchs durch E₁–E_K gedeckt werden kann und/oder wie viel Energie an Q₁–Q_K abgegeben werden kann, so dass: der nicht durch E₁–E_K gedeckte Anteil des voraussichtlichen Gesamtenergieverbrauchs Z zu den Zeitpunkten T_G–T_H und/oder die Summe aus der an die Q₁–Q_K abgegebenen Energie und dem voraussichtlichen Gesamtenergieverbrauchs Z zu den Zeitpunkten T_G–T_H geringere Schwankungen als der voraussichtlichen Gesamtenergieverbrauchs Z zu den Zeitpunkten T_G–T_H aufweist, und gegebenenfalls
• – eine Berechnung vornimmt, um zu ermitteln, wie viel des voraussichtlichen Gesamtenergieverbrauchs Z zu den Zeitpunkten T_G–T_H und/oder des gegenwärtigen Gesamtenergieverbrauchs durch eine oder mehrere stationäre Energie-Quellen gedeckt werden kann und/oder wie viel Energie an Q₁–Q_K abgegeben werden kann, so dass: der nicht durch die stationären Energie-Quellen gedeckte Anteil des voraussichtlichen Gesamtenergieverbrauchs Z zu den Zeitpunkten T_G–T_H und/oder die Summe aus der an die Q₁–Q_K abgegebenen Ener gie und dem voraussichtlichen Gesamtenergieverbrauchs Z zu den Zeitpunkten T_G–T_H geringere Schwankungen als der voraussichtlichen Gesamtenergieverbrauchs Z zu den Zeitpunkten T_G–T_H aufweist.
• f) die SEA-ME auf der Grundlage des Ergebnisses aus e) direkt oder indirekt den Energiefluss zwischen den mobilen Energie-Quellen, den Stationen und den Verbrauchern regelt.

The processes that are necessary to optimize the use of energy can be described in terms of a process. Such a method according to the invention for optimizing the use of energy in the abovementioned local system preferably has at least the following features:

• a) the energy consumption of the energy consumers V ₁ -V _B (B ε IN, B ≥ 1) of the system at the times T ₁ -T _C (C ∈ IN, C ≥ 1) or a subset thereof is measured, the Measurements for the energy consumption are transmitted directly or indirectly to a management unit, wherein on the basis of the measured values for the energy consumption, a calculation of the total energy consumption G at the times T _D -T _E (D, E ε IN, 1 ≤ D ≤ E ≤ C), where the management unit is the SEC-ME or the SEA-ME.
• b) from a management unit on the basis of at least the total energy consumption G at the times T _D -T _E or a subset thereof, a calculation of the estimated total energy consumption Z at the (future) times T _G -T _H (G, H ε IN C ≦ G ≦ H), wherein the management unit is preferably the SEA-ME,
• c) the quantities of energy E ₁ -E _K stored in the energy sources Q ₁ -Q _K (K ∈ IN, K ≥ 1) are measured (K ∈ IN; K ≥ 1), and the measured values for E ₁ -E _K be transmitted to the CA-ME,
• d) the measured values for E ₁ -E _K are transmitted by the CA-ME directly or indirectly to the SEA-ME,
• e) the SEA-ME, at least on the basis of the total energy consumption Z and the measured values for E ₁ -E _K, undertakes a planning for an optimized use of energy in the system at the (future) times T _G -T _H , ie that the SEA ME preferably
• Making a calculation to determine how much of the estimated total energy consumption Z at the times T _G -T _H and / or the current total energy consumption can be covered by E ₁ -E _K , and / or
• - makes a calculation to determine how much of the estimated total energy consumption Z at the times T _G -T _H and / or the current total energy consumption can be covered by E ₁ -E _K and / or how much energy Q ₁ -Q _K so that: the portion of the estimated total energy consumption Z not covered by E ₁ -E _K at the times T _G -T _H and / or the sum of the energy delivered to the Q ₁ -Q _K and the estimated total energy consumption Z at times T _G -T _{H has} lower fluctuations than the estimated total energy consumption Z at the times T _G -T _H , and optionally
• - performs a calculation to determine how much of the estimated total energy consumption Z at the times T _G -T _H and / or the current total energy consumption can be met by one or more stationary energy sources and / or how much energy is consumed on Q ₁ - Q _K can be delivered, so that: not covered by the stationary energy sources proportion of the estimated total energy consumption Z at the times T _G -T _H and / or the sum of the energy delivered to the Q ₁ -Q _K and the energy at the times T _G -T _{H has} less fluctuations than the estimated total energy consumption Z at the times T _G -T _H.
• (f) the SEA-ME, on the basis of the result of (e), directly or indirectly regulates the flow of energy between the mobile energy sources, the wards and the consumers.

It is thus concluded at least from the energy usage history and / or the energy consumption measured during a time period in the past, the future energy use and / or the future energy consumption. The resulting (predicted) load curve is compared with the amount of energy E present in the mobile energy sources and it is determined which load peaks of the load curve (ie what proportion of the estimated total energy consumption) by feeding energy from one or more mobile energy sources and / or stationary energy sources can be covered, so that the amount of energy to be supplied from external sources to cover the remaining energy needs remains as constant as possible over time. If a purchase of energy from the public grid excretes, z. As in the case of a power failure, it is determined when energy from the mobile energy sources fed to operate the energy consumers and / or how this energy is to be distributed among the energy consumers, then the control of the energy controller takes place accordingly. It may therefore be advantageous that not only the energy consumption of all energy consumers together, but possibly also the energy consumption of the individual energy consumers or groups of energy consumers is measured. Furthermore, it would be advantageous if each energy consumer or group of energy consumers assigns a priority would be to make the control of the power controller according to this priority.

One The above-mentioned method is thus preferably characterized by that the availability of energy from an external power grid and / or external energy sources by means of one or more Measuring equipment is monitored and limited Availability of the SEA-ME directly or indirectly the energy flow from the mobile energy source via the station to the Energy consumers regulates. It can also be beneficial if the method as described above makes it possible that the SEA-ME a targeted performance throttling and / or performance increase and / or a targeted disconnection and / or activation of individual energy consumers or groups of energy consumers and / or the connection or disconnection of other stationary energy sources and / or stationary Energy storage, it being preferred that the pulses for these actions via an external interface (eg to the power grid operator) can enter the system, and that the system is actually executing Actions on the basis of the incoming impulses, the system-internal requirements and pre-established rules and / or contractual relationships between users and network operators determined. Because if the network operator control energy requesting, must first be checked if that System is technically able to deliver this and what previously contractually with regard to the delivery of control energy.

• – eine von einem Benutzer festgelegte geplante Nutzung von Energie-Verbrauchern zu den Zeitpunkten T_G–T_H oder einer Teilmenge davon, welche vom Benutzer über eine Benutzerschnittstelle eingegeben und direkt oder indirekt an die SEA-ME übermittelt wird, und/oder
• – eine von einem Benutzer festgelegte, geplante Ladung und/oder Entladung von Energie-Quellen zu der Zeitpunkte T_G–T_H oder einer Teilmenge davon, welche vom Benutzer über eine Benutzerschnittstelle eingegeben und direkt oder indirekt an die SEA-ME übermittelt wird, und/oder
• – die von Messeinrichtungen gemessene Energiemenge, welche an eine oder mehrere Energie-Quellen zu den Zeitpunkten T₁–T_C oder einer Teilmenge davon zugeführt oder von diesen bezogen wurde, wobei der gemessene Energiemen ge direkt oder indirekt an die SEA-ME und/oder CA-ME übermittelt wird, und/oder
• – die von Messeinrichtungen zu den Zeitpunkten T₁–T_C oder einer Teilmenge davon gemessene Umweltbedingungen, wobei es sich bei den Umweltbedingungen vorzugsweise um die Windstärke und/oder Temperatur und/oder Sonneneinstrahlung und/oder Tageslänge, und/oder
• – den voraussichtlichen Umweltbedingungen zu den Zeitpunkten T_G–T_H, wobei es sich bei den Umweltbedingungen vorzugsweise um die Windstärke und/oder Temperatur und/oder Sonneneinstrahlung und/oder Tageslänge und/oder Jahreszeit handelt, und/oder
• – dem voraussichtlichen Strompreis zu den Zeitpunkten T_G–T_H oder einer Teilmenge davon.

Of particular importance is the said method if the calculation of the estimated total energy consumption Z at the (future) times T _G -T _H and / or the optimized energy use at the (future) times T _G -T _H additionally takes place on the following basis :

• A user-defined planned use of energy consumers at the times T _G -T _H or a subset thereof, which is entered by the user via a user interface and transmitted directly or indirectly to the SEA-ME, and / or
• A user-defined, scheduled charge and / or discharge of energy sources at the times T _G -T _H or a subset thereof entered by the user via a user interface and communicated directly or indirectly to the SEA-ME, and /or
• - The amount of energy measured by measuring devices, which was supplied to one or more energy sources at the times T ₁ -T _C or a subset thereof or obtained from these, wherein the measured Energiemen ge directly or indirectly to the SEA-ME and / or CA-ME is transmitted, and / or
• The environmental conditions measured by measuring equipment at times T ₁ -T _C or a subset thereof, the environmental conditions preferably being wind force and / or temperature and / or solar radiation and / or daylength, and / or
• - the expected environmental conditions at the times T _G -T _H , wherein the environmental conditions are preferably the wind strength and / or temperature and / or solar radiation and / or day length and / or season, and / or
• - the estimated electricity price at the times T _G -T _H or a subset thereof.

One the above-mentioned method may also be preferred in particular if determined as part of the procedure, whether in the vicinity a station of the system has a mobile energy source, and if so, a communication link between the CA-ME and the SA-ME or the SEA-ME is constructed, wherein at least Data to uniquely identify the mobile energy source and / or their owners and / or their users from the CA-ME the SA-ME will be transmitted and an authentication takes place, after successful authentication, the mobile Energy source by means of an energy transfer device connected to the station.

in the The method described above is preferred by a broadcast signal Determines if there is a mobile energy source. During the broadcast or broadcast is a message in which data packets are sent from an initiator - here a management unit - from be transmitted to all participants of a network. The Management unit that initiates the process by means of the transmitted data packets a request to which a peer, who receives this request - here one or more other management units - can answer. As soon as the Initiator receives an answer, this can begin, one Establish session. The state of regular, Uninterrupted communication is referred to in this document as a session referred to and maintained as "Session KeepAlive" or "KeepAlive". Maintaining a session can either be over a push mechanism or a pull mechanism. Such mechanisms are known in the art.

In Another preferred embodiment is characterized mentioned method in that the SA-ME and / or one or multiple CA-ME the energy flow between multiple energy sources regulates. For example, one of the mobile energy sources, which was loaded during the day, for example Evening their energy in whole or in part to one or more others deliver mobile energy source, which z. B. during the Has given day energy.

One this method may also be preferred in particular when the energy flow between mobile energy source and energy consumers over an energy controller is controlled, which in turn directly or indirectly controlled by the SEA-ME, it being preferred is that the flow of energy to and from the mobile energy source too controlled by the CA-ME, being the control of the energy flow has higher priority than the CA-ME through the SEA-ME. Because it can be beneficial, the ultimate Deciding on how much energy from the mobile energy source deducted to the CA. This prevents that for use of the mobile energy source too little energy remains. For example, if the mobile energy source is is about a vehicle whose services are at a given time needed, it must be ensured that the amount of energy E in the mobile energy source is sufficient.

As described above, the system is controlled by management units or the agents located thereon. The interaction between the agents preferably proceeds as follows:
The agents coordinate independently. In doing so, they authenticate each other and exchange required data. The authentication is done by common public-key-procedures.

The The interaction between CA and SA includes the first step Registration of the CA at the SA. The actual session is usually initiated after the vehicle has docked to the station. To successful handshake (= mutual authentication) the CA data regarding the battery (technical characteristics, Condition) as well as data describing the driving behavior and the consumption or other data from the user profile. Will the physical connection Separated between vehicle and station, so will normally the communication link was dissolved by mutual agreement. There is a deregistration of the CA by the SA.

Of the SA and the SEA will contact each other when the CA successfully registers Has. Then the SA forwards the technical data of the battery and the consumption data, Rules etc. (user profile of the driver) to the SEA on. The latter requires this data to unload and charge the Schedule battery. Does the user in the apartment (home area) Updates to his profile before, so these changes also communicated to the SA for forwarding. However, the SA can also via demand, preferably before decoupling the vehicle, the current Query user profile for the home area to get it associated CA.

On the basis of the predicted energy consumption, or the predicted Use of the vehicle, and the available energy in the battery, The SEC is instructed by the SEA to reprogram the energy controller. Also, the SEA may, mostly by initiative of the user, unscheduled changes and notify the SEC.

At the Operation of the system will transfer personal information Vehicle, home area, energy consumption or other personal Details transmitted and communicated. In communication between the vehicle (CA) and the station (SA) or between the Station (SA) and the Home Zone (SEA) become personal Data, such as state of charge, appointment book etc., exchanged. Therefore must be suitable security measures in particular At the software level, the possible misuse prevent this data. These include, among others Authentication or authorization, an encrypted Communication and secure data management. About the station will also be data related to the energy transfer It provides access to the home area of the user. So it is necessary to take measures that suit the user authenticate and verify its authorization. Preferably, another authentication or authorization takes place between the station (SA) and the home area (SEA).

in the The invention is based on an example and drawings be explained in more detail, wherein the invention Of course not limited to these.

1 Presentation of the overall system

2 Planning the use of energy by the SEA

3 Activities of the CA, contacting SA

example

The following embodiment uses a scenario to attempt to exemplify the flow of operations in the distributed system. It describes how the system behaves when discharging / charging the battery. But to embed the scenario in the overall process, the description of scenarios is necessary, which can take place independently of the actual discharge. This concerns, for example, the planning of the discharge by the SEA, which in the example is based on user preferences, user histo and current energy use.

The planning by the SEA takes place as in 2 shown. The above diagram describes which input and which steps are necessary for planning to be carried out. The SEA uses data from different sources for planning. First of all, the data of the user ( 201 ), whose scheduling plays a crucial role in the planning of the SEA. Important, for example, the movement data of the user, ie z. For example, a planned increased energy consumption in the home or planned extra trips with the vehicle that make a charge of the mobile energy source necessary. Furthermore, the energy usage history is considered ( 202 ), which can be used to estimate the current or future behavior of the user or the current or future energy use. Third, the current use of energy ( 203 ) in the home area. From these three factors, a course of energy use, ie the anticipated energy consumption, is forecast ( 204 ). This predicts possible peak loads for which a capacity requirement, ie a forecast of the anticipated energy demand ( 205 ) is calculated. The price of electricity procurement from an external power grid is forecasted on the basis of information such as the EEX (European Energy Exchange) Day Ahead (electricity exchange), the Derivatives Market (electricity exchange) or conditions stipulated in contracts with energy supply companies (RUs) ( 209 ). In addition, a forecast of energy production by stationary energy sources or the availability of energy from stationary sources of energy must be created ( 210 ). This depends, for example, when using photovoltaic systems or wind turbines from the weather and the operation of a small combined heat and power plant from the fuel prices. Based on this forecast ( 210 ) and the forecast of the electricity price ( 209 ) it is now possible to plan how best to meet energy needs in terms of cost ( 211 ). If necessary, the needs of the grid operator with regard to grid stability must also be taken into account ( 212 ). From the information on the availability of mobile energy sources ( 208 ), the forecast of the expected energy demand ( 205 ), the planning of the demand coverage ( 211 ) and, where appropriate, the needs of the electricity network operator ( 212 ), a plan is finally drawn up for the charging and discharging of the mobile energy sources ( 206 ), that is, it is determined when a part of the anticipated energy needs to be covered by mobile energy sources and when they should be reloaded. According to this plan ( 206 ) is then a charge or discharge of mobile energy sources ( 207 ).

Some The SEA activities can be independent be it from the mobile energy source (here: vehicle with battery) connected to the system or not. For example, you can from the energy usage history before conclusions to be pulled. But these should be updated with current data, such as those in the user profile (eg current schedule of the user) be matched.

Some activities of the CA are as in 3 The CA is detected by the broadcast search ( 301 ) of the SA ( 302 ). Then a session is set up under these agents ( 303 ) and a login / authentication process ( 304 ). The CA is now connected to the decentralized energy management and can wait for the battery to charge or discharge ( 305 ). At the same time, information is continuously exchanged between the CA and the rest of the system, in particular the SA and the SEA ( 306 ). This concerns information about the battery status and the user data (data in the user profiles), which give information about the further plans of the user.

The Distributed system can only be functional if the Components that are added or removed dynamically can (mobile energy sources or CA), found automatically and can be integrated. This is for example a Broadcast search mechanism of the SA (see below). So too a broadcast mechanism on the side of the CA conceivable, but in the Only one variant will be described below.

Base The flexibility of a distributed agent system is the Communication between the agents. It is the base again the cooperation of the agents among themselves. Thus the communication and cooperation can work, the agents need always up-to-date knowledge about their neighbors and communication partners to have. This includes the information, if the partner always still exists, whether he is able to communicate or one Request to answer. If this is not possible, would have to troubleshooting or alternative problem solving the Task to be searched for by the system.

The simplest way to determine the existence of a neighbor is to build an interaction that sends small messages back and forth at regular intervals. The state of regular, uninterrupted communication is referred to as session and maintenance as "Session KeepAlive" or "KeepAlive". The initiator of the session can in principle be any agent, the exchange of such session information, that is, for example, between the CA, SA and the SEA instead of. The exchange of this information concerns the use case of the distributed agent system. Here, the relevant information is exchanged, which is necessary to operate the distributed energy management. In this case, for example, the battery information is exchanged or any user information (data from the user profiles).

101

system

102

Home area

103

Energy Controller

104

Energy consumers and stationary energy sources

105

station

106

mobile Energy Source

107

Smart Energy Agent (SEA) / SEA Management Unit (SEA-ME)

108

Smart Energy Controller (SEC SEC Management Unit (SEC-ME)

109

station Agent (SA) / SA Management Unit (SA-ME)

110

Car Agent (CA) / CA Management Unit (CA-ME)

111

Energy transfer device / energy flow

112

Energy transfer device / energy flow

113

Energy transfer device / energy flow

114

Energy transfer device / energy flow (external)

115

Interface / data flow

116

Interface / data flow

117

Interface / data flow

201

dates of the user

202

Energy usage history

203

current energy use

204

Estimated Energy consumption (forecast)

205

forecast the anticipated energy needs

206

planning the charge and discharge of the battery

207

charge or discharge of the battery at the scheduled time

208

planning the availability of mobile energy sources

209

forecast for price of electricity procurement from external power grid

210

forecast energy production by stationary energy sources

211

planning the demand coverage

212

needs the operator of the external power grid

301

Broadcast Search after station

302

station found

303

meeting established

304

registration or authentication

305

Waiting on charge or discharge of the battery

306

permanent information exchange

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - US 737322 B1 [0002]
• - US 7373222 B1 [0002]
• US 7274975 B2 [0003, 0003]

Claims (14)

Local system for the use of mobile energy sources, characterized in that the system comprises at least the following components: - one or more central management units (SEA-ME) and one or more other management units, each management unit at least one Processor unit, at least one memory unit and at least one communication device and / or data interface, - one or more energy controllers, wherein the energy controller means for controlling and / or circuit of circuits, each energy controller via a data interface with at least one Management unit (SEC-ME) is connected, - one or more energy consumers V ₁ -V _B (B ∈ IN, B ≥ 1), - one or more measuring devices for measuring the energy consumption of the energy consumers, - a or several mobile energy sources Q ₁ -Q _K (K ∈ IN; K ≥ 1), each mobile energy source being a Manag ement unit (CA-ME) is assigned, - measuring means for measuring the energy stored in the mobile energy sources Q ₁ -Q _K amount of energy E ₁ -E _K (K ε IN; K ≥ 1), wherein the measuring devices, which are each associated with a mobile energy source Q ₁ -Q _K are connected via data interfaces with the respective management unit (CA-ME), - one or more stationary stations for the connection of the mobile energy sources to an intrinsic energy network, each station or each group of stations being assigned a management unit (SA-ME), - one or more energy transmission facilities, which together form an intrinsic energy network, wherein at least the energy Consumers, the stations and the energy controllers are interconnected via the system's internal power grid. System according to claim 1, characterized in that several or all of the components of the system, preferably with Exception of the mobile energy source, about the intrinsic system Energy network are related, with each other the power transmission devices, which are the intrinsic Energy network form, preferably about power cables. System according to claim 1, characterized in that The SEA-ME and the SEC-ME are two different types a data interface related management units or the same management unit and / or it is the SEA-ME and the SA-ME by two different over one Data interface related management units or the same management entity, where preferred is that the system has an SEA-ME and it at least for the SEA-ME and SA-ME for two or more different management units is. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the components of the system within and / or next to and / or up a building, a building complex or a Group of buildings are arranged, it being the case Building, the building complex or the group of Buildings preferably around residential buildings and / or office buildings and / or production sites and / or a district. System according to claim 1, characterized in that it as one more component one or more stationary Has energy sources and / or energy storage and / or the system-internal energy network by means of one or more energy transmission devices is connected to an external power grid, which is the external power grid preferably the public power supply. System according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more of the mobile energy sources are energy storage, preferred batteries, being one or more of the energy sources Preference, parts of vehicles, in particular electric vehicles or Hybrid vehicles. Method for optimizing the use of energy in a local system according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a) the energy consumption of the energy consumers V ₁ -V _B (B ∈ IN, B ≥ 1) of the system at the times T ₁ -T _C ( C ε IN; C ≥ 1) or a subset thereof, wherein the measured values for the energy consumption are transmitted directly or indirectly to a management unit, wherein on the basis of the measured values for the energy consumption a calculation of the total energy consumption G at the times T _D -T _E (D, E ε IN; 1 ≤ D ≤ E ≤ C), where the management unit is SEC-ME or SEA-ME. b) from a management unit on the basis of at least the total energy consumption G at the times T _D -T _E or a subset thereof, a calculation of the estimated total energy consumption Z at the (future) times T _G -T _H (G, H ε IN C ≦ G ≦ H), wherein the management unit is preferably the SEA-ME, c) which in the energy sources Q ₁ -Q _K (K ε IN; K ≥ 1) stored energy quantities E ₁ -E _K (K ∈ IN, K ≥ 1) are measured, and the measured values for E ₁ -E _K are transmitted to the CA-ME, d) the measured values for E ₁ -E _K from the CA ME be transmitted directly or indirectly to the SEA-ME, e) the SEA-ME at least based on the total energy consumption Z and / or the current total energy consumption and the measured values for E ₁ -E _K planning for optimized energy use in the system (f) the SEA-ME, on the basis of the result of (e), directly or indirectly regulates the flow of energy between the mobile energy sources, the wards and the consumers. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the optimized energy use planning comprises at least that the SEA-ME - performs a calculation to determine how much of the estimated total energy consumption Z at the times T _G -T _H and / or the current total energy consumption can be covered by E ₁ -E _K , and / or - performs a calculation to determine how much of the estimated total energy consumption Z at the times T _G -T _H and / or the current total energy consumption by E ₁ - E _K can be covered and / or how much energy can be delivered to Q ₁ -Q _K , so that: not covered by E ₁ -E _K share of the estimated total energy consumption Z at the times T _G -T _H and / or the Sum of the energy delivered to the Q ₁ -Q _K and the estimated total energy consumption Z at the times T _G -T _H lower than the expected total energy v consumption Z at the times T _G -T _H , and / or - performs a calculation to determine how much of the estimated total energy consumption Z at the times T _G -T _H and / or the current total energy consumption by one or more of the system-internal energy network connected stationary energy sources can be covered and / or how much of the total energy consumption Z can be covered by E ₁ -E _K and / or how much energy can be delivered to Q ₁ -Q _K , so that: the value for the total energy consumption Z plus the energy delivered to Q ₁ -Q _K minus the fraction covered by E ₁ -E _K and less the fraction covered by the steady-state energy sources over the times T _G -T _H less than the expected total energy consumption Z and / or - performs a calculation to determine how much of the estimated total energy consumption Z at the times T _G - T _H and / or the current total energy consumption can be covered by one or more stationary energy sources and / or how much energy can be delivered to Q ₁ -Q _K , such that: the not covered by the stationary energy sources share of the expected Total energy consumption Z at the times T _G -T _H and / or the sum of the output to the Q ₁ -Q _K energy and the estimated total energy consumption Z at the times T _G -T _H fluctuations less than the estimated total energy consumption Z at the times T _G -T _H has. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that that determines whether near a station of the system there is a mobile energy source, and if so, a communication link between the CA-ME and the SA-ME or the SEA-ME is constructed, whereby at least data to the clear Identification of the mobile energy source and / or its owner and / or whose users are transferred from the CA-ME to the SA-ME and authentication takes place, after successful Authenticating the mobile energy source by means of an energy transfer device is connected to the station, it being preferred that by a broadcast signal is determined as a mobile energy source is available. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that that the SA-ME and / or one or more CA-MEs the energy flow between several energy sources. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that that the energy flow between mobile energy source and energy consumers over an energy controller is controlled, which in turn directly or indirectly controlled by the SEA-ME, it being preferred is that the flow of energy to and from the mobile energy source of the CA-ME is controlled, the control of the energy flow has higher priority than the CA-ME through the SEA-ME. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the calculation of the estimated total energy consumption Z at the (future) times T _G -T _H and / or the optimized energy use at the (future) times T _G -T _H additionally on the following basis the user-defined planned use of energy consumers at the times T _G -T _H or a subset thereof, which is entered by the user via a user interface and transmitted directly or indirectly to the SEA-ME, and / or a user-defined, scheduled charge and / or discharge of energy sources at times T _G -T _H or a subset thereof entered by the user via a user interface and communicated directly or indirectly to the SEA-ME; and / or - a scheduled one specified by a user limited availability of the energy source, which is entered by the user via a user interface and transmitted directly or indirectly to the SEA-ME, it being preferred that this is the expected occurring, case-related or recurring, time-defined unavailability of the mobile Energy source acts, and / or - the amount of energy measured by measuring devices, which was supplied to one or more sources of energy at the times T ₁ -T _C or a subset thereof, or derived therefrom, the measured amount of energy directly or indirectly the SEA-ME and / or CA-ME is transmitted, and / or the environmental conditions measured by measuring devices at the times T ₁ -T _C or a subset thereof, wherein the environmental conditions are preferably the wind force and / or temperature and / or solar radiation and / or daylength, and / or - the anticipated environmental condition at the times T _G -T _H , where the environmental conditions are preferably the wind strength and / or temperature and / or solar radiation and / or day length and / or season and / or amount of rainfall, and / or - the expected price of electricity the times T _G -T _H or a subset thereof, and / or - in the case that a transfer of energy from the system's internal power grid is provided to the external power grid, the energy needs of the operator of the external power grid to ensure grid stability, which is preferably the need for control current. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that that the availability of electricity from an external power grid monitored by one or more measuring devices and with limited availability the SEA-ME directly or indirectly the energy flow from the mobile energy source over the station governs the energy consumers. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that that the SEA-ME a targeted performance throttling and / or performance increase and / or a targeted disconnection and / or activation of individual energy consumers or groups of energy consumers and / or a targeted or shutdown of other stationary energy sources and / or stationary energy storage, wherein It is preferable that the impulses for these actions over an external interface (eg to the power grid operator) in the System, and that the system is actually performing the actions based on the incoming impulses, the system-internal requirements and pre-established rules and / or contractual relationships between Users and network operators determined.