DE2613112A1 - ELECTRONIC MAXIMUM COUNTER - Google Patents

Description

HELIOWATT WEBKE 1 Berlin 12, March 11, 1976

Elektrizitäts-Geselisc ^ aft moH Wilmersdorfer Str. 39

E 43 Go / sz - 0576.05

Electronic maximum counter

The use of maximum meters by small consumers of electrical energy faces the relatively high price of the common ones mechanical devices, which is due to the large amount of manual manufacturing and adjustment required. To mitigate this Expense and thus to create an economical maximum counter, according to the underlying of the present invention Task, electronic components are particularly suitable, with a required long-term reliability and at the same time more economical Production of an electronic maximum counter can only be achieved if the number of components is kept small can be.

This object is achieved by the invention in creating an electronic maximum counter which is characterized by the use of a microcomputer such as the identification part of the first claim can be found.

In the case of electronic maximum counters, there is a requirement that, in the event of a power failure, the numerical value of the highest accumulated up to that point Monthly maximum must be stored. In addition, certain states of the control logic must be saved so that when the Mains voltage to ensure that the maximum work runs from the point of interruption. This is especially important when that Maximum system disturbed during the monthly transfer of the monthly maximum to the mechanical cumulative counter due to hate failure to prevent the transmission of incorrect values. For the transfer of a z. B. max. 4-digit number ("9999") from the electronic Monthly memories in the cumulative counter are at Walking speeds of z. B. 10 ... 20 Hz times of several minutes, so that a power failure even during a

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Carryover can occur. In principle, they are also electronic Memory and display devices for the usual cumulative counter can be used, but currently have no electronic memory Still anseigeeleniente a comparable to the mechanical counter Reliability.

Electronic non-volatile memories are known. Practical meaning have attained such memories that are stored in a special programming device, i. H. not in the actual circuit, set can be. Non-volatile memories that can be operated like freely addressable memories in the circuit itself are z. Currently still relatively unreliable. Known memories of this type have the property that the number of write cycles is limited. It is not possible to operate such a circuit like a normal memory because of the number of usable write cycles would be reached quickly. A write command may only be given if the storage property is actually in the event of a power failure is needed. For this purpose, a power failure must be recognized in good time that the supply voltages collapse of the electronics, all values to be saved have been transferred to the non-volatile memory. According to the current technology it is possible to have such a non-volatile memory together with other metal oxide transistors on the same chip integrate.

Two basic versions of an electronic maximum counter are possible:

1. A customer-specific large circuit with a maximum work in conventional digital technology and

2. the use of a microcomputer.

The entire circuit can be integrated on one chip, however, a multi-chip system can also be used. The following are inexpensive solutions: a single-chip microcomputer with the

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Chip integrated non-volatile memory that can be changed electrically is; a non-volatile integrated memory that is stored in a special Programming device is set and a single-chip microcomputer with external non-volatile memory for the during a power failure values to be saved.

Compared to the. Customized circuit board is the second More economical solution, as it is for customer-specific adaptation of the! microcomputer just changes the mask of its program memory is required.

The electronic Maxiaumwark is external information about the Supply energy consumption, see B * ir.G-estalt of carrier impulses of the assigned electricity meter, a pulse constant as a passability factor of the recorded impulses for identification of energy consumption, a measurement period specification and the Uetzfrequency to control the heating period »Me the measurement period specification a time base device is to be provided in the maximum counter, which, for example, counts mains frequency pulses, which then form a hatred for the duration of the measurement period and be fed to a target counter for comparative evaluation. As more information are the electronic maximum work tariff switching commands, Switch-on and switch-off commands, monthly reset commands and Ipower failure signals to feed.

The tariff switching commands and the switch-on and switch-off commands are Can be combined, which means that there is no need for a Max-mumwerk input or becomes free. The monthly reset command is z. B. given by an Eundsteuerempfänger or within the device for a preset fixed time programmed. A manual reset can also be provided.

With a maximum counter, the numerical value of the monthly maximum and certain status signals of the logic or the program sequence saved in the event of a power failure.

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To trigger the storage in the non-volatile memory an imminent mains voltage failure must be communicated to the Maximumwerk. The same signal is then when the power returns cause the computer to resume its program at a predetermined point, in which case it then reads out the values contained in the non-volatile memory in its Main memory transfers and further processed.

The programming mentioned above must be customizable be. There are several ways to achieve this:

a. In the case of a computer whose instruction memory is preferably also designed as a non-volatile memory, For each device in the test field, the entire command memory is set from a suitable data carrier (e.g. punched tape), whereby all customer requests are also programmed will.

b. In the case of a computer with a mask-programmable instruction memory, the program is executed in such a way that the computer queries external codings in the form of diode or wire bridge read-only memories at its inputs, which are then customer-specific be changed.

c. In the case of a computer with a separate instruction memory, i. H. in which the command memory is not integrated, the entire command memory can be exchanged in a customer-oriented manner.

From the maximum work, depending on the number of maximum tariffs, the momentary and monthly maxima in the form of digital or analog numerical values for display and / or data output. Further become control signals for reset counters and cumulative counters as well as for display organs in the case of several maximum tariffs.

When using a single-chip microcomputer, this becomes due to the small number of inputs, preferably operated by upstream multiplexing devices. The external command

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input is thus controlled via one or more multiplexers. Fixed programs such as B. the measuring period length, pulse constant, month reset command with automatic reset after a preselected time etc. via coding plug communicated to the microcomputer.

The number of available outputs, on the other hand, is almost always sufficient, so that the cumulative counter, the reset counter, the display elements for the instantaneous and the monthly maximum etc. can assign their own outputs.

Another advantage of using microcomputers mentioned above Type is the simple programming of several maximum tariffs, since the freely programmable data memory integrated in the microcomputer always has a much larger storage capacity, than is required for a tariff, there are only 16 bits in the main memory and in the non-volatile memory for each additional monthly maximum Memory required.

Instead of an integrated, complete program memory (ROM) of the single-chip microcomputer, there is also an external memory by which the program can be changed without replacing the single-chip microcomputer. Certain parts of the Program in an additional external circuit, e.g. B. non-changeable read-only memory (ROM). Thus, for example in the case of a wire-jumper read-only memory, there is no change in the mask of the program memory of the single-chip microcomputer necessary.

Furthermore, for very economical maximum meters, it is advisable to omit external storage devices: after a power failure When the mains voltage returns, the microcomputer and all memories continue to run from a predetermined program point are set to ITuIl.

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Since the maximum counter is usually still a ripple control receiver needed, it makes sense to take advantage of the computer you already have, which can also take over the calculation of the ripple control commands according to the customer-oriented program. It is then it is only necessary to filter out the ripple control pulses from the network and send them to the computer in the form of flawless digital signals to offer; the ^ e ^ amce normally necessary decoding the commands can then be omitted.

Digital displays can be used to display the instantaneous and monthly maxima can be used, a single toggle display can be used, or quasi-analog can be used Displays in the form of bars made of light-emitting diodes, liquid crystal segments, etc. are used, since these displays have a low Resolution and accuracy are sufficient. Conventional pointer instruments can also be used; here it is economical, the power for these instruments without digital / analog converter directly from the computer in the form of a duty cycle modulated Pulse series of any frequency to be taken.

Claims (13)

Patent claims: 1) (Electronic maxi-room meter, consisting of a kilowatt - hour meter and a maximum work, characterized by that the maximum work a microcomputer, preferably a single-chip microcomputer, with integrated or external non-volatile memories for evaluating the information provided in pulses has about the energy consumption, which the instantaneous and monthly maxima in the form of digital and / or analog numerical values for a display and data storage device. 2) Electronic maximum counter according to claim 1, characterized in that that the fixed programs for controlling the microcomputer are stored in external coding plugs. 3) Electronic maximum counter according to claim 1 and 2, characterized characterized in that instead of a microcomputer integrated with a program and data memory, a computing unit from known Hechnerchips is used. 4-) Electronic maximum counter according to claim 1 and 2, characterized characterized in that instead of a fully integrated program in the microcomputer, an additional external memory to change program parts is provided, which allows a program change without replacing the microcomputer. 5) Electronic maximum counter according to claim 1, characterized in that that in the event of a power failure, the microcomputer receives a signal that enables it to prevent it from collapsing the supply voltage, the numerical and logic state values to be transferred to the non-volatile memory and that the microcomputer is always at a predetermined after power return Program item starts up again and calls up the values from the non-volatile memory and continues to work. 709839/0668 - 8 ORIGINAL INSPECTED 26Ί3Ί12 6} Electronic Haxlmumzählsr according to claim 1, characterized thereby draws that the kunaen-oriented programming of the microcomputer written in the non-volatile program memory 7) Electronic maximum counter according to claim 1 and 6, characterized marked that the laindenorlentler-te programming at an Eestprograramspelcher (mask-programmed) through the Program is queried by the computer from an external read-only memory (e.g. wire bridges, diode matrix, etc.). 8) Electronic HaiciiEumzäliler according to claim 1, characterized in, that the Geirpxits :? from an externally supplied Reference frequency the length c ^ r Heßper-iode and with automatic Deferred calculates the length of a deferral period. 9) Electronic maximum counter according to claim 1, characterized in that the computer consists of it. August-teii and processed dog control pulses based on the program entered him even the switching commands ₅ z. B, payment reset command, tariff switching, etc., calculated 10) Electronic Haxiin.uiE.zahler- according to claim 1, characterized in that the microcomputer also process several maximum tariffs and in addition to <± en monthly maxima and the logic states also the cumulative number eiiwert-te in its memory and that iijiaiesem case instead of the mechanical Counters one or more electronic display devices are provided. 11) Electronic maximum counter according to claim 1 and 10, characterized in that the instantaneous and / or monthly maxima digital or analog display devices are visible, the latter being directly from the computer with duty cycle modulated Pulses are fed. 709339/0568 ~ ⁹ ~ 12) Electronic maximum counter after. Claim. 1, 10 and 11, characterized in that instead of analog display devices quasi-analogs in the form of bar displays made of light-emitting diodes, liquid crystals, etc. can be used. 13) Electronic maximum counter according to claim 1 to 12, characterized in that the maximum work from any logic circuit consists in which the principle of non-volatile memory, in front of collapse The numerical and logic state values are transmitted to the supply voltage and are retained after the power returns will. 709839/0568