EP0123350B1 - Plane microwave antenna with a totally suspended microstrip array - Google Patents

Plane microwave antenna with a totally suspended microstrip array Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0123350B1
EP0123350B1 EP84200521A EP84200521A EP0123350B1 EP 0123350 B1 EP0123350 B1 EP 0123350B1 EP 84200521 A EP84200521 A EP 84200521A EP 84200521 A EP84200521 A EP 84200521A EP 0123350 B1 EP0123350 B1 EP 0123350B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
conductors
plates
lines
spacers
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP84200521A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0123350A1 (en
Inventor
Emmanuel Rammos
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Laboratoires dElectronique et de Physique Appliquee
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/18—Resonant slot antennas the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity ; Open cavity antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
    • H01Q21/0081—Stripline fed arrays using suspended striplines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a flat microwave antenna composed of radiating elements of microwave signals, this antenna consisting of at least two conductive plates in which recesses are provided opposite one another, and being such that, between each pair of successive plates, is enclosed a dielectric sheet carrying a network of conductors forming with these plates lines of the so-called triplate type, the ends of these conductors being arranged opposite the recesses to form with the latter the radiating elements.
  • This publication describes a planar antenna comprising radiating elements of microwave signals, consisting of two conductive plates in which recesses are provided facing each other and a network of microstrip conductors, forming transmission lines of the so-called triplate type, that is to say constituted by the succession of the first of the two conductive plates forming a ground plane, of a first thick layer of dielectric material, of the network of microstrip conductors, of a second thick layer of dielectric material and of the second of the two plates forming a second ground plane, these various layers and plates being applied one on the other.
  • the ends of the microstrip conductors are arranged opposite the recesses to form the radiating elements with the latter.
  • These radiating elements can be of circular or rectangular section.
  • the antenna radiates a linearly polarized wave. Impedence matching can be obtained by adjusting the penetration length of the end of the microstrip conductor in the opening of the plates, or by adjusting the distance between the microstrip conductors and the short-circuit plane closing the opposite opening at the radiant opening.
  • the dielectric substrates used are all thick.
  • the losses increasing with the thickness of the dielectric substrate which supports the conductors it is desirable not to use a large thickness so as not to exceed for said losses a permitted limit.
  • the invention aims to provide a device allowing the establishment of the conductors of the lines by overcoming the drawbacks described above.
  • each dielectric sheet is thin and is held between the plates which enclose it only by positioning pads integral with the opposite faces of these plates, arranged in screws -on either side of this dielectric sheet, these studs thus coupled being further disposed relative to this sheet in spaces devoid of conductors, and the pairs of studs being distant from each other so that at least two radiating elements are positioned between two pairs of successive studs.
  • pairs of studs are in sufficient number, although being distant from each other, to ensure the rigidity of the assembly.
  • each microwave network of the antenna functions as a network of "completely suspended microstrip lines", that is to say as a network of "suspended microstrip lines” placed in cavities the width of which would be infinite, or else may be assimilated to triplate lines having air as a dielectric.
  • the positioning pads are machined independently of the plates and then adjusted thereon.
  • the positioning pads are an integral part of the plates which enclose the sheets of printed circuits and are produced in the same machining operation.
  • the pairs of positioning pads are preferably regularly spaced due to the periodic structure of the networks of central conductors.
  • the dielectric carrying the printed circuits forming the networks of microstrip conductors with a thickness of between 50 and 100 ⁇ m, which is sufficient to ensure its rigidity, while limiting losses in the transmission lines which are also proportional to the thickness of the dielectric.
  • Figures 1a and 1b show in section a antenna comprising two networks of microwave lines, produced according to the invention.
  • Figure 1a shows a section along an axis XX 'and Figure 1b along an axis YY' perpendicular to XX '.
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b represent, seen from above, portions of the two networks of microstrip conductors of the microwave lines of this antenna and show the axes XX 'and YY' along which the cuts 1a and 1b are made respectively.
  • FIG. 3a represents (in solid lines) the curve of the variations of the impedance Z o , in ohms, of a transmission line with central conductor constituted by a suspended microstrip line, as a function of the width a in millimeters (mm) of the groove which contains the central conductor.
  • FIG. 3b represents in cross section of a transmission line with central conductor constituted by a suspended microstrip line.
  • FIG. 4a represents the variation of the total attenuation factor ⁇ t in decibels per meter (dB / m) as a function of the thickness e in ⁇ m of the dielectric substrate carrying the printed circuit of microstrip conductors.
  • FIG. 4b represents a cross section of a transmission line constituted by a completely suspended microstrip line according to the invention.
  • the antenna comprises the following elements: on either side of a middle layer 10, in which a series of recesses is provided 11, a dielectric sheet (20 and 30) is successively placed carrying a network of printed conductors of microstrip lines (22 for sheet 20 and 32 for sheet 30) and another layer (40 and 50) pierced with another series of recesses (41 for layer 40 and 51 for layer 50) placed in the extension of the recesses 11.
  • the layers 10, 30 and 40 are made of a metallic material or a metallized dielectric.
  • Each network of transmission lines is arranged so that the end (21 for a conductor of the sheet 20 and 31 for a conductor of the sheet 30) of each printed conductor is in regad of a recess 11 so as to produce with this recess a coupling allowing the reception or the emission of the microwave signals.
  • Maintaining the dielectric sheets 20 and 30, between layers 10 and 40 on the one hand, and between layers 10 and 50 on the other hand, is achieved by means of a series of associated positioning pads 15 and 16 to layer 10, on either side thereof and placed opposite studs 45 and 55, associated respectively with layers 40 and 50.
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b which respectively represent a portion of the dielectric sheet 20 and of the dielectric sheet 30, the repetitive configuration of the antenna circuits makes it possible to find, between the printed conductors 22 and 32, empty spaces in sufficient large number so that the pairs of studs ensure the rigidity of the assembly, although being distant from each other.
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b are shown, in addition to the circuits 22 and 32 in solid lines, the projection of the openings 11 in dotted lines, and the projection of the pairs of hatched positioning pads.
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b show the axes XX ′ and YY ′ along which the cuts represented by FIGS. 1a and 1b are made respectively, the recesses 11 a, 11 b and 11 c in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b correspond to the recesses with the same reference in FIGS. 2a and 2b.
  • clips 60 are provided for aligning the coupled pads 15 and 45 on the one hand, and 16 and 55 on the other hand, as well as the circuits carried by the sheets 20 and 30 respectively. These clips also prevent further displacement of the various elements with respect to each other.
  • FIG. 3a shows that the total attenuation factor a, in the lines decreases as a function of the width a of the grooves which contain the central conductors to reach a low value which remains roughly stationary when the value of a exceeds 6 mm.
  • FIG. 3a also shows that such a variation in the width a only causes an increase of approximately 10 ohms in the value of the line impedance Z o , which does not present any drawback.
  • FIGS. 1a and 1b show that, in the device according to the invention, the width has grooves which contain the central conductors, is equivalent to the distance between two pairs of positioning pads and can be considered very large compared to the width of the groove as shown in Figure 3b. Indeed, at least two elements of the assembly formed by the recesses 11 and the lines 22 or 32 of the network of conductors are then positioned between two pairs of successive studs. Under these conditions, the dielectric substrate being thin, the main dielectric is air, and the microwave line can be likened to a "three-plate line having air as a dielectric", or even to a "fully suspended microstrip line". The loss factor due to the width of the grooves and the dielectric substrate is minimal.
  • a thickness of the substrate of between 50 and 100 ⁇ m, sufficient to ensure its rigidity, the losses due to the thickness of this dielectric can then be considered as minimal.
  • the efficiency of an antenna produced according to the invention is improved.
  • the positioning pads can be produced independently of the plates 10, 40 and 50, and then adjusted thereon. More favorably, they can also form an integral part of the plates and be produced in a single machining operation, with somewhat strict tolerances. This being added to the fact that their positioning can have a periodic shape, since the configuration of the conductor circuits between which they are placed is repetitive (FIG. 2), so that the industrial manufacture of the parts constituting an antenna according to the invention is greatly simplified.
  • the assembly of the different elements, relative to each other is also made quick and easy, thanks to the alignment clips and the fact that the positioning tolerances are not very strict.
  • the present invention is not limited to an antenna with two networks of microwave lines. If it is desired to have a planar antenna intended to receive or transmit microwave signals of a single type of polarization, said antenna can be obtained from that which has been described previously, by simply omitting the middle layer 10 , one of the two dielectric sheets 20 or 30 carrying one of the networks of central supply line conductors, and placing the positioning pads accordingly.

Description

La présente invention concerne une antenne plane hyperfréquences composée d'éléments rayonnants de signaux hyperfréquences, cette antenne étant constituée d'au moins deux plaques conductrices dans lesquelles sont ménagés des évidements les uns en regard des autres, et étant telle que, entre chaque couple de plaques successives, est enserrée une feuille diélectrique portant un réseau de conducteurs formant avec ces plaques des lignes du type dit triplaque, les extrémités de ces conducteurs étant disposées en regard des évidements pour former avec ces derniers les éléments rayonnants.The present invention relates to a flat microwave antenna composed of radiating elements of microwave signals, this antenna consisting of at least two conductive plates in which recesses are provided opposite one another, and being such that, between each pair of successive plates, is enclosed a dielectric sheet carrying a network of conductors forming with these plates lines of the so-called triplate type, the ends of these conductors being arranged opposite the recesses to form with the latter the radiating elements.

Une antenne plane hyperfréquences comprenant un ensemble de tels éléments a été décrite dans l'article de E. RAMMOS publié dans "Electro- nic Letters, 18th March 1982, Vol. 18, N° 6", intitulé "New wideband High-gain Stripline Planar Array for 12 GHz Satellite TV". Cette publication décrit une antenne plane comprenant des éléments rayonnants de signaux hyperfréquences, constituée de deux plaques conductrices dans lesquelles sont ménagés des évidements les uns en regard des autres et d'un réseau de conducteurs microrubans, formant des lignes de transmission du type dit triplaque, c'est-à-dire constituées par la succession de la première des deux plaques conductrices formant plan de masse, d'une première couche épaisse en un matériau diélectrique, du réseau de conducteurs microrubans, d'une seconde couche épaisse en matériau diélectrique et de la seconde des deux plaques formant un second plan de masse, ces diverses couches et plaques étant appliquées l'une sur l'autre. Les extrémités des conducteurs microrubans sont disposées en regard des évidements pour former avec ces derniers les éléments rayonnants. Ces éléments rayonnants peuvent être de section circulaire ou rectangulaire. L'antenne rayonne une onde polarisée rectilignement. L'adaptation d'impédence peut être obtenue en ajustant la longueur de pénétration de l'extrémité du conducteur microruban dans l'ouverture des plaques, ou en ajustant la distance entre les conducteurs microrubans et le plan de court-circuit fermant l'ouverture opposée à l'ouverture rayonnante.A planar microwave antenna comprising a set of such elements has been described in the article by E. RAMMOS published in "Electronic Letters, 18th March 1982, Vol. 18, N ° 6", entitled "New wideband High-gain Stripline Planar Array for 12 GHz Satellite TV ". This publication describes a planar antenna comprising radiating elements of microwave signals, consisting of two conductive plates in which recesses are provided facing each other and a network of microstrip conductors, forming transmission lines of the so-called triplate type, that is to say constituted by the succession of the first of the two conductive plates forming a ground plane, of a first thick layer of dielectric material, of the network of microstrip conductors, of a second thick layer of dielectric material and of the second of the two plates forming a second ground plane, these various layers and plates being applied one on the other. The ends of the microstrip conductors are arranged opposite the recesses to form the radiating elements with the latter. These radiating elements can be of circular or rectangular section. The antenna radiates a linearly polarized wave. Impedence matching can be obtained by adjusting the penetration length of the end of the microstrip conductor in the opening of the plates, or by adjusting the distance between the microstrip conductors and the short-circuit plane closing the opposite opening at the radiant opening.

Il est d'autre part connu du brevet des Etats-Unis 3 718 935, une antenne plane dont les réseaux de conducteurs sont du type dit bifilaire, c'est-à-dire constitués par deux conducteurs microrubans disposés en vis-à-vis de part et d'autre d'une plaque diélectrique épaisse rigide. Les réseaux de conducteurs bifilaires sont terminés par des paires de dipôles constituant les éléments rayonnants. Le résau de lignes de transmission de cette antenne est formé, en plus des conducteurs bifilaires, de plans de masse dont la distance par rapport à la plaque diélectrique est réglée par des piliers qui traversent les différentes plaques d'antenne, lesquelles sonttoutes rigides du fait de leur épaisseur quels que soient les matériaux qui les constituent. Les piliers sont enfin fixés aux plaques externes.It is furthermore known from patent US 3,718,935, a planar antenna in which the conductive patterns are of said wire, that is to say constituted by two microstrip conductors arranged vis - à-vis on either side of a thick rigid dielectric plate. The networks of two-wire conductors are terminated by pairs of dipoles constituting the radiating elements. The network of transmission lines of this antenna is formed, in addition to the two-wire conductors, ground planes whose distance from the dielectric plate is regulated by pillars which pass through the different antenna plates, which are all rigid due to of their thickness whatever the materials of which they are made. The pillars are finally fixed to the external plates.

Ainsi, dans les antennes connues des documents cités les substrats diélectriques utilisés sont tous épais. Or, les pertes augmentant avec l'épaisseur du substrat diélectrique qui supporte les conducteurs, il est souhaitable de ne pas utiliser une épaisseur importante afin de ne pas dépasser pour lesdites pertes une limite permise.Thus, in the antennas known from the documents cited, the dielectric substrates used are all thick. However, the losses increasing with the thickness of the dielectric substrate which supports the conductors, it is desirable not to use a large thickness so as not to exceed for said losses a permitted limit.

L'invention vise à fournir un dispositif permettant la mise en place des conducteurs des lignes en s'affranchissant des inconvénients décrits ci-dessus.The invention aims to provide a device allowing the establishment of the conductors of the lines by overcoming the drawbacks described above.

Selon la présente invention, dans une antenne telle que décrite dans le préambule, chaque feuille diélectrique est mince et n'est maintenue entre les plaques qui l'enserrent que par des plots de positionnement solidaires des faces en regard de ces plaques, disposés en vis-à-vis de part et d'autre de cette feuille diélectrique, ces plots ainsi couplés étant en outre disposés par rapport à cette feuille dans des espaces dépourvus de conducteurs, et les couples de plots étant éloignés les uns des autres en sorte qu'au moins deux éléments rayonnants sont positionnés entre deux couples de plots successifs.According to the present invention, in an antenna as described in the preamble, each dielectric sheet is thin and is held between the plates which enclose it only by positioning pads integral with the opposite faces of these plates, arranged in screws -on either side of this dielectric sheet, these studs thus coupled being further disposed relative to this sheet in spaces devoid of conductors, and the pairs of studs being distant from each other so that at least two radiating elements are positioned between two pairs of successive studs.

Ainsi selon l'invention les couples de plots sont en suffisamment grand nombre, bien qu'étant éloignés les uns des autres, pour assurer la rigidité de l'ensemble.Thus according to the invention the pairs of studs are in sufficient number, although being distant from each other, to ensure the rigidity of the assembly.

Dans un tel dispositif, les tolérances de fabrication des plaques sont peu sévères, la mise en place des circuits imprimés est peu critique et le rendement de l'antenne se trouve amélioré puisque les pertes dans les lignes sont minimisées du fait que chaque réseau hyperfréquence de l'antenne fonctionne en réseau de "lignes microrubans complètement suspendues", c'est-à-dire comme un réseau de "lignes microrubans suspendues" placées dans des cavités dont la largeur serait infinie, ou encore peuvent être assimilées à des lignes triplaques ayant l'air comme diélectrique.In such a device, the manufacturing tolerances of the plates are not very strict, the installation of the printed circuits is not very critical and the efficiency of the antenna is improved since the losses in the lines are minimized due to the fact that each microwave network of the antenna functions as a network of "completely suspended microstrip lines", that is to say as a network of "suspended microstrip lines" placed in cavities the width of which would be infinite, or else may be assimilated to triplate lines having air as a dielectric.

Selon une première réalisation de l'invention, les plots de positionnement sont usinés indépendamment des plaques et ajustés ensuite sur cel les-ci.According to a first embodiment of the invention, the positioning pads are machined independently of the plates and then adjusted thereon.

Selon une première variante, les plots de positionnement sont partie intégrante des plaques qui enserrent les feuilles de circuits imprimés et sont fabriqués dans une même opération d'usinage.According to a first variant, the positioning pads are an integral part of the plates which enclose the sheets of printed circuits and are produced in the same machining operation.

Selon une seconde variante, les couples de plots de positionnement sont, de préférence, régulièrement espacés du fait de la structure périodique des réseaux de conducteurs centraux.According to a second variant, the pairs of positioning pads are preferably regularly spaced due to the periodic structure of the networks of central conductors.

Selon une troisième variante, le diélectrique portant les circuits imprimés formant les réseaux de conducteurs microrubans à une épaisseur comprise entre 50 et 100 pm, qui suffit à en assurer la rigidité, tout en limitant les pertes dans les lignes de transmission qui sont aussi proportionnelles à l'épaisseur du diélectrique.According to a third variant, the dielectric carrying the printed circuits forming the networks of microstrip conductors with a thickness of between 50 and 100 μm, which is sufficient to ensure its rigidity, while limiting losses in the transmission lines which are also proportional to the thickness of the dielectric.

Les particularités de l'invention et les modes de réalisation apparaissent de façon plus précise dans la description suivante en regard des dessins annexés.The features of the invention and the embodiments appear more precisely in the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Les figures 1a et 1b représentent en coupe une antenne comportant deux réseaux de lignes hyperfréquences, réalisée selon l'invention. La figure 1a représente une coupe selon un axe XX' et la figure 1b selon un axe YY' perpendiculaire à XX'.Figures 1a and 1b show in section a antenna comprising two networks of microwave lines, produced according to the invention. Figure 1a shows a section along an axis XX 'and Figure 1b along an axis YY' perpendicular to XX '.

Les figures 2a et 2b représentent, vues de dessus, des portions des deux réseaux de conducteurs microrubans des lignes hyperfréquences de cette antenne et montrent les axes XX' et YY' selon lesquels sont faites les coupes 1 a et 1 b respectivement.FIGS. 2a and 2b represent, seen from above, portions of the two networks of microstrip conductors of the microwave lines of this antenna and show the axes XX 'and YY' along which the cuts 1a and 1b are made respectively.

La figure 3a représente (en trait plein) la courbe des variations de l'impédance Zo, en ohms, d'une ligne de transmission à conducteur central constituée par une ligne microruban suspendue, en fonction de la largeur a en millimètres (mm) de la cannelure qui contient le conducteur central.FIG. 3a represents (in solid lines) the curve of the variations of the impedance Z o , in ohms, of a transmission line with central conductor constituted by a suspended microstrip line, as a function of the width a in millimeters (mm) of the groove which contains the central conductor.

Sur la même figure 3a, est représentée conjointement (en pointillé), la variation, en décibels par mètre (dB/m), du facteur d'atténuation totale at d'une ligne, également en fonction de la largeur a de la cannelure en millimètres (mm).In the same figure 3a, is shown jointly (in dotted lines), the variation, in decibels per meter (dB / m), of the total attenuation factor a t of a line, also as a function of the width a of the groove in millimeters (mm).

La figure 3b représente en coupe transversale d'une ligne de transmission à conducteur central constituée par une ligne microruban suspendue.FIG. 3b represents in cross section of a transmission line with central conductor constituted by a suspended microstrip line.

La figure 4a représente la variation du facteur d'atténuation totale αt en décibels par mètre (dB/ m) en fonction de l'épaisseur e en µm du substrat diélectrique portant le circuit imprimé de conducteurs microrubans.FIG. 4a represents the variation of the total attenuation factor α t in decibels per meter (dB / m) as a function of the thickness e in μm of the dielectric substrate carrying the printed circuit of microstrip conductors.

La figure 4b représente une coupe transversale d'une ligne de transmission constituée par une ligne microruban complètement suspendue selon l'invention.FIG. 4b represents a cross section of a transmission line constituted by a completely suspended microstrip line according to the invention.

Les figures sont représentées schématiquement à échelle, mais pour la clarté du dessin, les dimensions dans la direction de l'épaisseur, dans la section transversale, sont fortement exagérées.The figures are shown diagrammatically on a scale, but for clarity of the drawing, the dimensions in the direction of the thickness, in the cross section, are greatly exaggerated.

Telle qu'elle est représentée, à titre d'exemple de réalisation, figures 1a et 1b, l'antenne comporte les éléments suivants: de part et d'autre d'une couche médiane 10, dans laquelle est prévue une série d'évidements 11, sont placées successivement une feuille de diélectrique (20 et 30) portant un réseau de conducteurs imprimés de lignes microruban (22 pour la feuille 20 et 32 pur la feuille 30) et une autre couche (40 et 50) percée d'une autre série d'évidements (41 pour la couche 40 et 51 pour la couche 50) placés dans le prolongement des évidements 11.As shown, by way of example of embodiment, FIGS. 1a and 1b, the antenna comprises the following elements: on either side of a middle layer 10, in which a series of recesses is provided 11, a dielectric sheet (20 and 30) is successively placed carrying a network of printed conductors of microstrip lines (22 for sheet 20 and 32 for sheet 30) and another layer (40 and 50) pierced with another series of recesses (41 for layer 40 and 51 for layer 50) placed in the extension of the recesses 11.

Les couches 10, 30 et 40 sont faites d'un matériau métallique ou bien d'un diélectrique métallisé. Chaque réseau de lignes de transmission est disposé de telle sorte que l'extrémité (21 pour un conducteur de la feuille 20 et 31 pour un conducteur de la feuille 30) de chaque conducteur imprimé soit en regad d'un évidement 11 de manière à réaliser avec cet évidement un couplage permettant la réception ou l'émission des signaux hyperfréquences.The layers 10, 30 and 40 are made of a metallic material or a metallized dielectric. Each network of transmission lines is arranged so that the end (21 for a conductor of the sheet 20 and 31 for a conductor of the sheet 30) of each printed conductor is in regad of a recess 11 so as to produce with this recess a coupling allowing the reception or the emission of the microwave signals.

Le maintien des feuilles de diélectrique 20 et 30, entre les couches 10 et 40 d'une part, et entre les couches 10 et 50 d'autre part, est réalisé par le moyen d'une série de plots de positionnement 15 et 16 associés à la couche 10, de part et d'autre de celle-ci et placés en regard de plots 45 et 55, associés respectivement aux couches 40 et 50.Maintaining the dielectric sheets 20 and 30, between layers 10 and 40 on the one hand, and between layers 10 and 50 on the other hand, is achieved by means of a series of associated positioning pads 15 and 16 to layer 10, on either side thereof and placed opposite studs 45 and 55, associated respectively with layers 40 and 50.

Comme il ressort des figures 2a et 2b, qui représentent respectivement une portion de la feuille diélectrique 20 et de la feuille diélectrique 30, la configuration répétitive des circuits d'antenne permet de trouver, entre les conducteurs imprimés 22 et 32 des espaces vides en suffisamment grand nombre pour que les couples de plots assurent la rigidité de l'ensemble, bien qu'étant éloignés les uns des autres.As is apparent from FIGS. 2a and 2b, which respectively represent a portion of the dielectric sheet 20 and of the dielectric sheet 30, the repetitive configuration of the antenna circuits makes it possible to find, between the printed conductors 22 and 32, empty spaces in sufficient large number so that the pairs of studs ensure the rigidity of the assembly, although being distant from each other.

Sur les figures 2a et 2b sont représentées, outre les circuits 22 et 32 en trait plein, la projection des ouvertures 11 en pointillé, et la projection des couples de plots de positionnement en hachuré. Enfin, les figures 2a et 2b montrent les axes XX' et YY' selon lesquels sont faites les coupes représentées respectivement par les figures 1a et 1b, les évidements 11 a, 11 b et 11 c des figures 1 a et 1 b correspondent aux évidements de même référence sur les figures 2a et 2b.In FIGS. 2a and 2b are shown, in addition to the circuits 22 and 32 in solid lines, the projection of the openings 11 in dotted lines, and the projection of the pairs of hatched positioning pads. Finally, FIGS. 2a and 2b show the axes XX ′ and YY ′ along which the cuts represented by FIGS. 1a and 1b are made respectively, the recesses 11 a, 11 b and 11 c in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b correspond to the recesses with the same reference in FIGS. 2a and 2b.

Dans une version améliorée de la précédente, des clips 60 sont prévus pour l'alignement des plots couplés 15 et 45 d'une part, et 16 et 55 d'autre part, ainsi que des circuits portés par les feuilles 20 et 30 respectivement. Ces clips évitent, en outre, un déplacement ultérieur des différents éléments les uns par rapport aux autres.In an improved version of the previous one, clips 60 are provided for aligning the coupled pads 15 and 45 on the one hand, and 16 and 55 on the other hand, as well as the circuits carried by the sheets 20 and 30 respectively. These clips also prevent further displacement of the various elements with respect to each other.

Les figures 3 et 4 permettent de mieux saisir l'amélioration apportée par l'invention.Figures 3 and 4 provide a better understanding of the improvement brought by the invention.

Les courbes de la figure 3a ont été tracées pour une ligne microruban suspendue illustrée par la figure 3b et dans les conditions suivantes:

  • la fréquence utilisée F = 12,1 GHz
  • largeur du conducteur en cuivre W = 1,4 mm
  • épaisseur du diélectrique e = 25 µm
  • constante diélectrique relative s = 3,2
  • facteur de pertes tg 5 = 0,02
  • profondeur de la ligne b = 1,8 mm.
The curves of FIG. 3a have been drawn for a suspended microstrip line illustrated by FIG. 3b and under the following conditions:
  • the frequency used F = 12.1 GHz
  • copper conductor width W = 1.4 mm
  • dielectric thickness e = 25 µm
  • relative dielectric constant s = 3.2
  • loss factor tg 5 = 0.02
  • line depth b = 1.8 mm.

Dans ces conditions, la figure 3a montre que le facteur d'atténuation totale a, dans les lignes décroit en fonction de la largeur a des cannelures qui contiennent les conducteurs centraux pour atteindre une valeur faible qui reste à peu près stationnaire lorsque la valeur de a dépasse 6 mm.Under these conditions, FIG. 3a shows that the total attenuation factor a, in the lines decreases as a function of the width a of the grooves which contain the central conductors to reach a low value which remains roughly stationary when the value of a exceeds 6 mm.

La figure 3a montre également qu'une telle variation de la largeur a n'entraîne qu'une augmentation d'environ 10 ohms de la valeur de l'impédance Zo de la ligne, ce qui ne présente pas d'inconvénient.FIG. 3a also shows that such a variation in the width a only causes an increase of approximately 10 ohms in the value of the line impedance Z o , which does not present any drawback.

Or, les figures 1a et 1b montrent que, dans le dispositif selon l'invention, la largeur a des cannelures qui contiennent les conducteurs centraux, équivaut à la distance entre deux couples de plots de positionnement et peut être considérée comme très grande devant la largeur de la cannelure telle que représentée figure 3b. En effet, au moins deux élémente de l'ensemble formé par les évidements 11 et les lignes 22 ou 32 du réseau de conducteurs se trouvent alors positionnés entre deux couples de plots successifs. Dans ces conditions, le substrat diélectrique étant mince, le diélectrique principal est l'air, et la ligne hyperfréquence peut être assimilée à une "ligne triplaque ayant l'air comme diélectrique", ou encore à une "ligne microruban complètement suspendue". Le facteur de pertes dues à la largeur des cannelures et au substrat diélectrique est minimal.However, FIGS. 1a and 1b show that, in the device according to the invention, the width has grooves which contain the central conductors, is equivalent to the distance between two pairs of positioning pads and can be considered very large compared to the width of the groove as shown in Figure 3b. Indeed, at least two elements of the assembly formed by the recesses 11 and the lines 22 or 32 of the network of conductors are then positioned between two pairs of successive studs. Under these conditions, the dielectric substrate being thin, the main dielectric is air, and the microwave line can be likened to a "three-plate line having air as a dielectric", or even to a "fully suspended microstrip line". The loss factor due to the width of the grooves and the dielectric substrate is minimal.

En effet les pertes augmentant avec l'épaisseur du substrat diélectrique qui supporte les conducteurs centraux, comme le montre la figure 4a, il est souhaitable de ne pas utiliser une épaisseur importante afin de ne pas dépasser pour lesdites pertes une limite permise.In fact, the losses increasing with the thickness of the dielectric substrate which supports the central conductors, as shown in FIG. 4a, it is desirable not to use a large thickness so as not to exceed a permitted limit for said losses.

On notera que la courbe représentée sur la figure 4a a été tracée pour une ligne microruban complètement suspendue illustrée par la figure 4b, et dans les conditions suivantes:

  • fréquence utilisée F = 12,1 GHz
  • largeur du conducteur en cuivre W = 1,4 mm
  • constante diélectrique s = 3,2
  • facteur de perte tg 5 = 0,02
  • profondeur de la ligne b = 2 mm
It will be noted that the curve shown in FIG. 4a has been drawn for a completely suspended microstrip line illustrated in FIG. 4b, and under the following conditions:
  • frequency used F = 12.1 GHz
  • copper conductor width W = 1.4 mm
  • dielectric constant s = 3.2
  • loss factor tg 5 = 0.02
  • line depth b = 2 mm

Dans le dispositif selon l'invention, une épaisseur du substrat comprise entre 50 et 100 jam, suffisant à assurer sa rigidité, on peut considérer alors les pertes dues à l'épaisseur de ce diélectrique comme minimales.In the device according to the invention, a thickness of the substrate of between 50 and 100 μm, sufficient to ensure its rigidity, the losses due to the thickness of this dielectric can then be considered as minimal.

Enfin, les calculs aussi bien que les mesures ont montré que dans une antenne dont le réseau est représenté figures 2a et 2b, la proximité entre les diverses branches de conducteurs entre elles, ou la proximité de certaines branches avec les évidements ne détériore pas les résultats espérés et ne diminue pas l'amélioration attendue. En effet ladite proximité correspond en fait à une distance grande devant la largeur W des conducteurs centraux.Finally, the calculations as well as the measurements have shown that in an antenna whose network is represented in FIGS. 2a and 2b, the proximity between the various branches of conductors between them, or the proximity of certain branches with the recesses does not deteriorate the results. hoped for and does not diminish the expected improvement. Indeed, said proximity corresponds in fact to a great distance in front of the width W of the central conductors.

De sorte que les pertes totales des lignes hyperfréquences, à savoir: les pertes dans le diélectrique et les pertes dans les conducteurs, étant rendues aussi faibles que possible, le rendement d'une antenne réalisée selon l'invention se trouve amélioré.So that the total losses of the microwave lines, namely: the losses in the dielectric and the losses in the conductors, being made as low as possible, the efficiency of an antenna produced according to the invention is improved.

Les plots de positionnement peuvent être réalisés indépendamment des plaques 10, 40 et 50, et ajustés ensuite sur celles-ci. Plus favorablement, il peuvent aussi faire partie intégrante des plaques et être réalisés en une seule opération d'usinage, avec des tolérances peu sévères. Ceci étant ajouté au fait que leur positionnement peut présenter une forme périodique, puisque la configuration des circuits de conducteurs entre lesquels ils sont placés est répétitive (figure 2), fait en sorte que la fabrication industrielle des pièces constituant une antenne selon l'invention est grandement simplifiée.The positioning pads can be produced independently of the plates 10, 40 and 50, and then adjusted thereon. More favorably, they can also form an integral part of the plates and be produced in a single machining operation, with somewhat strict tolerances. This being added to the fact that their positioning can have a periodic shape, since the configuration of the conductor circuits between which they are placed is repetitive (FIG. 2), so that the industrial manufacture of the parts constituting an antenna according to the invention is greatly simplified.

D'autre part, le montage des différents éléments, les uns par rapport aux autres, est également rendu rapide et aisé, grâce aux clips d'alignement et du fait que les tolérances de positionnement sont peu sévères.On the other hand, the assembly of the different elements, relative to each other, is also made quick and easy, thanks to the alignment clips and the fact that the positioning tolerances are not very strict.

Enfin, les pertes dans les lignes étant rendues très faibles, il est alors possible d'utiliser comme substrat, un diélectrique de qualité courante, donc de prix peu élevé, sans pour autant détériorer trop considérablement le rendement de l'antenne.Finally, the losses in the lines being made very low, it is then possible to use as a substrate, a dielectric of current quality, therefore of low price, without however deteriorating the antenna efficiency too considerably.

En conséquence, la simplicité d'usinage et de montage des pièces, ainsi que la qualité bon marché des matières premières font que le coût d'une antenne selon l'invention est fortement diminué.Consequently, the simplicity of machining and assembly of the parts, as well as the inexpensive quality of the raw materials means that the cost of an antenna according to the invention is greatly reduced.

Bien entendu, la présente invention n'est pas limitée à une antenne à deux réseaux de lignes hyperfréquences. Si l'on veut disposer d'une antenne plane destinée à recevoir ou à émettre des signaux hyperfréquences d'un seul type de polarisation, ladite antenne peut être obtenue à partir de celle qui a été décrite précédemment, en omettant simplement la couche médiane 10, l'une des deux feuille de diélectrique 20 ou 30 portant l'un des réseaux de conducteurs centraux de ligne d'alimentation, et en plaçant les plots de positionnement en conséquence.Of course, the present invention is not limited to an antenna with two networks of microwave lines. If it is desired to have a planar antenna intended to receive or transmit microwave signals of a single type of polarization, said antenna can be obtained from that which has been described previously, by simply omitting the middle layer 10 , one of the two dielectric sheets 20 or 30 carrying one of the networks of central supply line conductors, and placing the positioning pads accordingly.

Il est manifeste enfin que l'application de l'invention à la réception des signaux de télévision à 12 gigahertz retransmis par satellites n'est pas limitative. D'une part, l'invention est applicable à toutes sortes de réseaux de transmission hyperfréquences purement terrestres, et d'autre part, le choix d'un exemple d'application à la fréquence de 12 gigahertz n'est pas exclusif de toute autre fréquence de fonctionnement, dans la gamme des hyperfréquences, liée à telle autre application envisagée.Finally, it is clear that the application of the invention to the reception of 12 gigahertz television signals retransmitted by satellites is not limiting. On the one hand, the invention is applicable to all kinds of purely terrestrial microwave transmission networks, and on the other hand, the choice of an example of application at the frequency of 12 gigahertz is not exclusive of any other operating frequency, in the microwave range, linked to another envisaged application.

Claims (5)

1. A planar high-frequency antenna formed by radiating elements for high-frequency signals, the antenna being constituted by at least two conducting plates (10, 40, 50) provided with oppositely-arranged cavities (11, 41, 51) and being such that inserted between each couple of successive plates there is a thin dielectric sheet (20, 30) comprising an array of microstrip conductors of coaxial lines forming suspended-substrate microstrip lines with these plates, the ends of these central conductors facing the cavities for forming the radiating elements with them, characterized in that each dielectric sheet (20, 30) is only kept in place between the plates enclosing it by means of positioning spacers (95, 55) which are an integral part of the faces of these plates and are arranged opposite to each on both sides of the relevant sheet (20, 30), these spacers coupled thus being moreover arranged relative to the sheet in areas where there are no conductors and the pairs of spacers being remote from each other in such manner that at least two radiating elements are located between at least two successive pairs of spacers.
2. An antenna as claimed in Claim 1, characterized'in that the positioning spacers (45, 55) are integral parts of the plates (40, 10; 10, 50) enclosing the dielectric sheets (20, 30) on which the networks of central conductors are provided and are produced in one and the same manufacturing operation.
3. An antenna as claimed in one of the Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the positioning spacers (45, 55) are regularly spaced because of the recurrent structure of the networks of central conductors.
4. An antenna as claimed in any of the Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that joined to the positioning spacers there are fastening clips (60) provided to prevent the different elements of the antenna from being shifted relative to each other.
5. An antenna as claimed in any of the Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the thickness of the dielectric sheets (20, 30) on which the networks of central printed conductors (22, 32) of the high-frequency lines are provided is comprised between 50 and 100 pm, the said thickness ensuring the rigidity of the sheets whilst limiting the losses in the lines.
EP84200521A 1983-04-22 1984-04-12 Plane microwave antenna with a totally suspended microstrip array Expired EP0123350B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8306650 1983-04-22
FR8306650A FR2544920B1 (en) 1983-04-22 1983-04-22 MICROWAVE PLANAR ANTENNA WITH A FULLY SUSPENDED SUBSTRATE LINE ARRAY

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EP0123350A1 EP0123350A1 (en) 1984-10-31
EP0123350B1 true EP0123350B1 (en) 1987-09-02

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EP (1) EP0123350B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS59207706A (en)
DE (1) DE3465841D1 (en)
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Also Published As

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FR2544920A1 (en) 1984-10-26
DE3465841D1 (en) 1987-10-08
US4614947A (en) 1986-09-30
EP0123350A1 (en) 1984-10-31
JPS59207706A (en) 1984-11-24
FR2544920B1 (en) 1985-06-14

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