EP0150233A1 - Method of determining the break-through of a UV tube and device for carrying out the method - Google Patents
Method of determining the break-through of a UV tube and device for carrying out the method Download PDFInfo
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- EP0150233A1 EP0150233A1 EP84100825A EP84100825A EP0150233A1 EP 0150233 A1 EP0150233 A1 EP 0150233A1 EP 84100825 A EP84100825 A EP 84100825A EP 84100825 A EP84100825 A EP 84100825A EP 0150233 A1 EP0150233 A1 EP 0150233A1
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- tube
- ignition
- time
- pulses
- determining
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001208 nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for determining the ignition of a UV tube for flame monitoring and an arrangement for carrying out the method.
- ignition occurs, i.e. If pure AC voltage or one-way or two-way rectified AC voltage is used, half-waves are ignited, even if the tube is not exposed to UV radiation.
- the effect of ignition can occur immediately after the tube has been manufactured, but also only in operation after a more or less long period of operation.
- the disadvantage of the igniting effect is that the existence of a flame, e.g. a gas burner, is falsely faked.
- the error can be recognized by the fact that the absence of output signals from the UV tube when the flame is switched off, e.g. when the burner is not in operation.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method and an arrangement for determining the igniting of a UV tube for flame monitoring, by means of which the effect of the igniting when the flame is burning is recognized purely electrically without mechanics susceptible to malfunction.
- the UV tube In the first operating mode, the UV tube is not operated in saturation, i.e. the UV radiation of the flame is not large enough to ignite every half-wave, i.e. the impulses scatter stochastically. However, the ignition takes place in every half-wave.
- a stochastic pulse sequence must therefore be distinguished from a gapless pulse sequence.
- the second mode of operation takes place in the state of saturation, ie with high UV intensity.
- the ignition time of the UV tube is the time span from when the ignition voltage is reached until the discharge build-up is practically complete.
- the ignition time is made up of the ignition spread time and the build-up time.
- the ignition stray time is the time that elapses after the ignition voltage is reached until a UV quantum from the radiation source arrives that is capable of emitting an electron from the cathode and triggering the discharge.
- the ignition spread time therefore fluctuates statistically.
- the subsequent set-up time is of the order of 10 7 s.
- the ignition time of a blower consists only of the build-up time, i.e. The statistical ignition spread time is eliminated, since the ignition is not triggered by UV quanta.
- the anode voltage U a of the UV tube is a regular sequence of pulses and the associated output signal is the anode current I during UV radiation by flame. Without UV no signal may appear. Signal without UV means ignition.
- a shift register 1 with stages A, B, C and D at the input 2 is supplied with the output signals of the UV tube, while 3 clock pulses are applied to the input which are synchronous with the anode voltage.
- the sequence of impulses from the UV tube is thus inserted serially into the register in a clock-controlled manner.
- the function of the register consists in a transformation of the temporal succession of the pulses of the UV tube into a simultaneous information of the signal states over a sequence of n bits.
- a sequence of impulses must be available for evaluation over a longer period of time. The sharpness of recognition for the statistical distribution increases with the number of impulses. Only four bits are shown in Fig. 2, but a reasonable value is eight bits.
- the stages of the shift register can be formed from bistable multivibrators or flip-flops.
- the outputs of the stages of the shift register are connected to an AND gate 4.
- a signal appears at output 5 of the AND logic element only if the tube has ignited in the n successive clock periods. This can be used as an alarm message.
- the AND operation is not fulfilled, i.e. the output signal 5 is zero.
- an anode current I a of the UV tube excited by the flame flows in the form of a statistical pulse sequence.
- the anode current caused by ignition is I.
- the UV tube 11 is fed by a rectangular generator 12.
- the output signals of the UV tube 11 and the clock signals delayed by the delay element 13 are input into the register 14 with the stages A, B, C and D.
- the outputs of the stages of the shift register 14 are connected to an AND gate 15.
- the clock pulses U t effective at the register are delayed by the delay time t v with respect to the anode voltage U a of the UV tube.
- the front edge of the clock pulse inserts the tube signals into the register.
- a signal is inserted at every cycle. If the AND link is satisfied after n cycles, an alarm signal is issued at the output of the AND link.
- the ignition time t z varies statistically.
- the implementation can also be carried out analogously by means of a microprocessor.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum FeststeLLen des Durchzündens einer UV-Röhre zur FLammenüberwachung und eine Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for determining the ignition of a UV tube for flame monitoring and an arrangement for carrying out the method.
Beim Betrieb von UV-Röhren in Geräten zur FLammenüberwachung tritt ein sogenanntes Durchzünden auf, d.h. bei Verwendung reiner Wechselspannung oder einweg- oder zweiweg-gleichgerichteter Wechselspannung findet ein Zünden von HaLbweLLen statt, auch wenn die Röhre einer UV-BestrahLung nicht ausgesetzt ist.When operating UV tubes in devices for flame monitoring, so-called ignition occurs, i.e. If pure AC voltage or one-way or two-way rectified AC voltage is used, half-waves are ignited, even if the tube is not exposed to UV radiation.
Für das Durchzünden gibt es zwei Ursachen. Die eine besteht darin, daß die ErhoLungszeit größer als die Aus-Zeit (Zeit der Spannungsunterbrechung) ist. Die andere besteht darin, daß die Betriebsanodenspannung größer als die Zündspannung ohne UV-Bestrahlung ist. Der Effekt des Durchzündens kann bereits unmittelbar nach der HersteLLung der Röhre, aber auch erst im Betrieb nach mehr oder weniger Langer Betriebsdauer auftreten. Der Nachteil des Effekts des Durchzündens besteht darin, daß die Existenz einer Flamme, z.B. eines Gasbrenners, fälschlicherweise vorgetäuscht wird.There are two causes for ignition. One is that the recovery time is greater than the off time (voltage interruption time). The other is that the operating anode voltage is greater than the ignition voltage without UV radiation. The effect of ignition can occur immediately after the tube has been manufactured, but also only in operation after a more or less long period of operation. The disadvantage of the igniting effect is that the existence of a flame, e.g. a gas burner, is falsely faked.
Bei abgeschalteter FLamme kann man den FehLer zwar dadurch erkennen, daß das Nichtvorhandensein von AusgangssignaLen der UV-Röhre bei abgeschalteter Flamme, z.B. bei Betriebspause des Brenners, geprüft wird.When the flame is switched off, the error can be recognized by the fact that the absence of output signals from the UV tube when the flame is switched off, e.g. when the burner is not in operation.
Es ist auch bekannt, eine Prüfung dadurch vorzunehmen, daß die UV-Quelle durch eine periodisch mechanisch bewegte BLende abgedeckt wird. Ein Durchzünden macht sich durch Zünden von HaLbweLLen auch im abgedeckten Zustand bemerkbar.It is also known to carry out a test in that the UV source is covered by a periodically mechanically moving diaphragm. A detonation is noticeable by detonating half-waves even in the covered state.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, ein Verfahren und eine Anordnung zum FeststeLLen des Durchzündens einer UV-Röhre zur FLammenüberwachung zu schaffen, durch die ohne störungsanfällige Mechanik rein elektrisch der Effekt des Durchzündens bei brennender FLamme erkannt wird.The object of the invention is to provide a method and an arrangement for determining the igniting of a UV tube for flame monitoring, by means of which the effect of the igniting when the flame is burning is recognized purely electrically without mechanics susceptible to malfunction.
GeLöst wird diese Aufgabe durch die MerkmaLe des Anspruchs 1. WeiterbiLdungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved by the features of
In der Praxis sind zwei Betriebsarten einer UV-Röhre möglich.In practice, two operating modes of a UV tube are possible.
In der ersten Betriebsart wird die UV-Röhre nicht in Sättigung betrieben, d.h. die UV-StrahLung der FLamme ist nicht genügend groß, um jede HaLbweLLe zu zünden, d.h. die ImpuLse streuen stochastisch. Das Durchzünden findet jedoch in jeder HaLbweLLe statt. Es muß hierbei also eine stochastische Impulsfolge von einer LückenLosen ImpuLsfoLge unterschieden werden.In the first operating mode, the UV tube is not operated in saturation, i.e. the UV radiation of the flame is not large enough to ignite every half-wave, i.e. the impulses scatter stochastically. However, the ignition takes place in every half-wave. A stochastic pulse sequence must therefore be distinguished from a gapless pulse sequence.
Die zweite Betriebsart findet im Sättigungszustand statt, d.h. bei hoher UV-Intensität. Hierbei ist die Zündzeit der UV-Röhre die Zeitspanne vom Erreichen der Zündspannung bis zum praktisch vollzogenen Entladungsaufbau. Die Zündzeit setzt sich zusammen aus der Zündstreuzeit und der Aufbauzeit. Die Zündstreuzeit ist die Zeit, die nach Erreichen der Zündspannung vergeht, bis ein UV-Quant von der StrahLungsqueLLe eintrifft, das in der Lage ist, ein ELektron aus der Kathode zu emittieren und die EntLadung auszulösen. Die Zündstreuzeit schwankt daher statistisch. Die anschließende Aufbauzeit Liegt in der Größenordnung von 10 7s.The second mode of operation takes place in the state of saturation, ie with high UV intensity. Here, the ignition time of the UV tube is the time span from when the ignition voltage is reached until the discharge build-up is practically complete. The ignition time is made up of the ignition spread time and the build-up time. The ignition stray time is the time that elapses after the ignition voltage is reached until a UV quantum from the radiation source arrives that is capable of emitting an electron from the cathode and triggering the discharge. The ignition spread time therefore fluctuates statistically. The subsequent set-up time is of the order of 10 7 s.
Im Gegensatz dazu besteht die Zündzeit eines Durchzünders nur aus der Aufbauzeit, d.h. die statistische Zündstreuzeit entfällt, da die Zündung nicht durch UV-Quanten ausgelöst wird.In contrast to this, the ignition time of a blower consists only of the build-up time, i.e. The statistical ignition spread time is eliminated, since the ignition is not triggered by UV quanta.
Die Erfindung wird beispielhaft anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben, in der sind
- Fig. 1 eine DarsteLLung der ImpuLse zur ErLäuterung des Durchzündens in der ersten Betriebsart,
- Fig. 2 ein SchaLtbiLd einer ersten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung,
- Fig. 3 eine DarsteLLung zur ErLäuterung des Durchzündens in der zweiten Betriebsart und eine schematische DarsteLLung des Registerinhalts,
- Fig. 4 ein SchaLtbiLd einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung und
- Fig. 5 eine DarsteLLung von Impulsfolgen zur ErLäuterung der Ausführungsform der Fig. 4.
- 1 is a representation of the impulses for explaining the ignition in the first operating mode,
- 2 shows a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention,
- 3 shows a representation for explaining the ignition in the second operating mode and a schematic representation of the register content,
- 4 is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the invention and
- FIG. 5 shows pulse sequences to explain the embodiment of FIG. 4.
Gemäß Fig. 1 ist die Anodenspannung U a der UV-Röhre eine regelmäßige FoLge von ImpuLsen und ist das zugehörige Ausgangssignal der Anodenstrom I während der UV-Bestrahlung durch FLamme. Ohne UV darf kein Signal erscheinen. Signal ohne UV bedeutet Durchzünden.1, the anode voltage U a of the UV tube is a regular sequence of pulses and the associated output signal is the anode current I during UV radiation by flame. Without UV no signal may appear. Signal without UV means ignition.
Gemäß Fig. 2 werden einem Schieberegister 1 mit den Stufen A, B, C und D an dem Eingang 2 die AusgangssignaLe der UV-Röhre zugeführt, während an den Eingang 3 TaktimpuLse angelegt werden, welche synchron zur Anodenspannung sind. Die Folge der ImpuLse von der UV-Röhre wird somit fortlaufend taktgesteuert seriell in das Register eingeschoben. Die Funktion des Registers besteht in einer Transformation der zeitlichen AufeinanderfoLge der ImpuLse der UV-Röhre in eine gleichzeitige Information der SignaLzustände über eine FoLge von n Bits. Zur Auswertung muß eine FoLge von ImpuLsen über einen Längeren Zeitraum gleichzeitig zur Verfügung stehen. Die Erkennungsschärfe für die statistische VerteiLung nimmt mit der Zahl der ImpuLse zu. In Fig. 2 sind nur vier Bits gezeigt, ein vernünftig realisierbarer Wert ist jedoch acht Bits. Die Stufen des Schieberegisters können aus bistabilen MuLtivibratoren oder FLip-FLops gebildet werden.2, a
Die Ausgänge der Stufen des Schieberegisters sind mit einem UND-VerknüpfungsgLied 4 verbunden. Am Ausgang 5 des UND-Verknüpfungsglieds erscheint nur dann ein SignaL, wenn in den n aufeinanderfolgenden Taktperioden die Röhre gezündet hat. Dies kann als ALarmmeLdung verwendet werden. Im FaLLe der statistischen Verteilung der Signal impulse wird die UND-Verknüpfung nicht erfüLLt, d.h. das Ausgangssignal 5 ist Null.The outputs of the stages of the shift register are connected to an AND gate 4. A signal appears at output 5 of the AND logic element only if the tube has ignited in the n successive clock periods. This can be used as an alarm message. In the case of the statistical distribution of the signal impulses, the AND operation is not fulfilled, i.e. the output signal 5 is zero.
Gemäß Fig. 3 fLießt bei der Anodenspannung Ua ein durch die FLamme angeregter Anodenstrom Ia der UV-Röhre in Form einer statistischen ImpuLsfoLge. Der durch das Durchzünden verursachte Anodenstrom ist I . Daraus folgt eine BeLegung X der Registerzellen für die FLammenüberwachung und X' für das Durchzünden und somit ein Ausgangssignal Ub bzw. Ub' mit MeLdung des Durchzündens am Punkt D Z.According to FIG. 3, at the anode voltage U a, an anode current I a of the UV tube excited by the flame flows in the form of a statistical pulse sequence. The anode current caused by ignition is I. This results in an assignment X of the register cells for flame monitoring and X 'for ignition and thus an output signal U b or U b ' with the detection of ignition at point D Z.
Gemäß Fig. 4 wird die UV-Röhre 11 von einem Rechteckgenerator 12 gespeist. Die AusgangssignaLe der UV-Röhre 11 und die von dem VerzögerungsgLied 13 verzögerten TaktsignaLe werden in das Register 14 mit den Stufen A, B, C und D eingegeben. Die Ausgänge der Stufen des Schieberegisters 14 sind mit einem UND-VerknüpfungsgLied 15 verbunden.4, the UV tube 11 is fed by a rectangular generator 12. The output signals of the UV tube 11 and the clock signals delayed by the delay element 13 are input into the register 14 with the stages A, B, C and D. The outputs of the stages of the shift register 14 are connected to an AND gate 15.
Gemäß Fig. 5 sind die am Register wirksamen TaktimpuLse Ut um die Verzögerungszeit tv gegenüber der Anodenspannung Ua der UV-Röhre verzögert. Die VorderfLanke der TaktimpuLse schiebt die SignaLe der Röhre in das Register ein. Im FaLLe des Durchzündens (Impulsfolge X) wird bei jedem Takt Signal eingeschoben. Wenn nach n Takten die UND-Verknüpfung erfüllt ist, wird am Ausgang des UND-VerknüpfungsgLieds ein ALarmsignaL abgegeben. Bei normal arbeitender UV-Röhre (Impulsfolge X) schwankt dagegen die Zündzeit tz statistisch.5, the clock pulses U t effective at the register are delayed by the delay time t v with respect to the anode voltage U a of the UV tube. The front edge of the clock pulse inserts the tube signals into the register. In the event of ignition (pulse sequence X), a signal is inserted at every cycle. If the AND link is satisfied after n cycles, an alarm signal is issued at the output of the AND link. With a normal working UV tube (pulse sequence X) In contrast, the ignition time t z varies statistically.
Wählt man t << tz, dann ist die WahrscheinLichkeit dafür, daß n mal hintereinander Signal eingeschoben wird (tz > tv), sehr gering und damit ist die AusLösung eines ALarmsignaLs sehr unwahrscheinLich.If one selects t << t z , the probability that the signal will be inserted n times in succession (t z > t v ) is very low and therefore the triggering of an alarm signal is very unlikely.
An SteLLe der beschriebenen Logik-SchaLtungen (Register, Gatter) kann die ReaLisierung auch sinngemäß mittels eines Mikroprozessors erfolgen.Instead of the logic circuits described (registers, gates), the implementation can also be carried out analogously by means of a microprocessor.
Claims (5)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Folge von ≤ n Signal-Impulsen der UV-Röhre mit n regelmäßigen TaktimpuLsen verglichen wird.1. method for determining the ignition of a UV tube for flame monitoring,
characterized in that a sequence of ≤ n signal pulses from the UV tube is compared with n regular clock pulses.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE8484100825T DE3474606D1 (en) | 1984-01-26 | 1984-01-26 | Method of determining the break-through of a uv tube and device for carrying out the method |
| EP19840100825 EP0150233B1 (en) | 1984-01-26 | 1984-01-26 | Method of determining the break-through of a uv tube and device for carrying out the method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19840100825 EP0150233B1 (en) | 1984-01-26 | 1984-01-26 | Method of determining the break-through of a uv tube and device for carrying out the method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0150233A1 true EP0150233A1 (en) | 1985-08-07 |
| EP0150233B1 EP0150233B1 (en) | 1988-10-12 |
Family
ID=8191720
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19840100825 Expired EP0150233B1 (en) | 1984-01-26 | 1984-01-26 | Method of determining the break-through of a uv tube and device for carrying out the method |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0150233B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3474606D1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0274275A2 (en) * | 1987-01-07 | 1988-07-13 | Kidde-Graviner Limited | Detection of electromagnetic radiation |
| US7576331B2 (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2009-08-18 | Kidde Ip Holdings Limited | UV gas discharge tubes |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3543260A (en) * | 1968-07-24 | 1970-11-24 | Honeywell Inc | Self checking interuder and fire detector units and system |
| DE2548568A1 (en) * | 1974-11-05 | 1976-08-12 | Graviner Ltd | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR OPTIMIZING THE BEHAVIOR OF A SENSOR |
| EP0078442A2 (en) * | 1981-10-30 | 1983-05-11 | Armtec Industries, Inc. | Fire detection system with IR and UV ratio detector |
-
1984
- 1984-01-26 DE DE8484100825T patent/DE3474606D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-01-26 EP EP19840100825 patent/EP0150233B1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3543260A (en) * | 1968-07-24 | 1970-11-24 | Honeywell Inc | Self checking interuder and fire detector units and system |
| DE2548568A1 (en) * | 1974-11-05 | 1976-08-12 | Graviner Ltd | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR OPTIMIZING THE BEHAVIOR OF A SENSOR |
| EP0078442A2 (en) * | 1981-10-30 | 1983-05-11 | Armtec Industries, Inc. | Fire detection system with IR and UV ratio detector |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0274275A2 (en) * | 1987-01-07 | 1988-07-13 | Kidde-Graviner Limited | Detection of electromagnetic radiation |
| EP0274275A3 (en) * | 1987-01-07 | 1990-05-16 | Kidde-Graviner Limited | Detection of electromagnetic radiation |
| US7576331B2 (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2009-08-18 | Kidde Ip Holdings Limited | UV gas discharge tubes |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3474606D1 (en) | 1988-11-17 |
| EP0150233B1 (en) | 1988-10-12 |
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