EP0872051B1 - Method and apparatus for controlling frequency of a multi-channel transmitter - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for controlling frequency of a multi-channel transmitter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0872051B1 EP0872051B1 EP96911237A EP96911237A EP0872051B1 EP 0872051 B1 EP0872051 B1 EP 0872051B1 EP 96911237 A EP96911237 A EP 96911237A EP 96911237 A EP96911237 A EP 96911237A EP 0872051 B1 EP0872051 B1 EP 0872051B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- frequency
- signal
- discriminator
- thermally stable
- emitted
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B21/00—Generation of oscillations by combining unmodulated signals of different frequencies
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03J—TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
- H03J7/00—Automatic frequency control; Automatic scanning over a band of frequencies
- H03J7/02—Automatic frequency control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/02—Transmitters
- H04B1/04—Circuits
- H04B1/0483—Transmitters with multiple parallel paths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/02—Transmitters
- H04B1/04—Circuits
- H04B2001/0491—Circuits with frequency synthesizers, frequency converters or modulators
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling frequency of a multi-channel transmitter in accordance with claims 1 and 8.
- U.S. Patent 4,694,260 discloses a microwave frequency discriminator for transforming a frequency modulated signal into a low frequency demodulated signal, wherein the discriminator is used with microwaves.
- An oscillating circuit has a frequency controlled by an externally applied dc voltage which is applied to a controlled circuit, such as a circuit including varactor diodes.
- U.S. Patent 4,694,260 discloses neither multiple microwave oscillators nor thermally coupling or frequency tracking abilities of such microwave oscillators.
- a method for controlling frequency of a transmitter having a plurality of individual oscillators including the steps of generating a reference frequency and emitting the reference frequency to a first thermally stable frequency discriminator and emitting a first DC voltage from the first thermally stable frequency discriminator. Simultaneously to said plurality of individual oscillators.
- This known circuit is conceived for a single-channel transmitter and forms the introductory part of claim 1.
- a method for controlling the frequency of a multi-channel transmitter is disclosed in US-A-4'910'793 with a frequency generator generating a pilot frequency, which is distributed by a coupler among phase comparators having their outputs connected to a transmitter coupler to a phase comparator via a frequency divider.
- the output signal is mixed with a control signal which is emitted at a control frequency from a local oscillator.
- the mixed signal is then preferably but not necessarily amplified.
- the control signal is mixed with a frequency reference signal generated from a stable frequency source to form a second mixed signal.
- the second mixed signal is emitted to another thermally stable frequency discriminator which emits a second dc voltage to the local oscillator.
- the control signal can be taken from a directional coupler which is exposed to the control signal.
- the second mixed signal can also be amplified.
- the modulated individual signals are preferably each at an intermediate frequency which is less than an output frequency of the output signal.
- the individual signals are preferably spaced by either one fixed frequency interval or an integer multiple of a fixed frequency interval.
- Frequency control is important in many different applications of microwave and millimeter-wave systems, such as wideband multi-channel communications systems and instrumentation, which require frequency tracking among the output spectral components.
- oscillator banks must generate highly stable frequencies, on both long-term and short-term bases. Such oscillator banks can operate in a carrier wave (CW) mode or can be modulated with various baseband signals.
- CW carrier wave
- the method and apparatus of this invention provides a highly stable oscillator bank which does not require phase-locked loops, such as in systems that operate at AM, FM, FSK, PAM, PPM and the like modulation techniques.
- the method and apparatus according to this invention requires only one stable frequency reference and one or more thermally stable frequency discriminators, all of which preferably operate at a convenient intermediate frequency which is substantially lower than the millimeter-wave band of frequencies. If an oscillator bank system according to this invention operates at relatively low frequencies, such as 4-6 GHz, then exposing the output frequency to an up-conversion circuit is unnecessary and only one thermally stable frequency discriminator is necessary.
- Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a millimeter-wave transmitter, according to one preferred embodiment of this invention.
- signals are preferably transmitted within a band of intermediate frequencies (IF) to a location near an antenna or another instrument, and are then up-converted to a millimeter-wave band for amplification and transmission.
- IF intermediate frequencies
- individual signals 15 are fed to modulator and combiner 20 which emits a multi-channel modulated signal 21 preferably at an IF synthesized band, such as below approximately 10 GHz.
- a fixed frequency interval or a positive integer multiple of a fixed frequency interval is maintained between the individual modulated signals 21 emitted from modulator and combiner 20, so that no interference exists between the channels.
- the multi-channel IF signal is preferably sent to a transmitter, for example by way of a cable or waveguide.
- up-converter and filter 23 translates modulated signal 21 to an appropriate millimeter-wave band preferably for further amplification through power amplifier 24 and transmission through antenna 25.
- Frequency controller 22 is preferably used to control a frequency of a local oscillator, such as local oscillator 49 shown in Fig. 2, within up-converter and filter 23.
- frequency controller 19 is preferably used to control the frequency emitted from each individual oscillator within an oscillator bank.
- the oscillator positioned within up-converter and filter 23 can be subjected to temperature variations.
- the frequency of such oscillator can be monitored and controlled in order to regulate the emitted frequency range.
- an oscillator bank according to one preferred embodiment of this invention comprises oscillators 30-33. It is apparent that any number of a plurality of oscillators 30-33 can be employed, according to this invention.
- Oscillator 33 is intended to represent the n th oscillator within oscillator bank 29.
- individual oscillators 30-33 which operate at the IF band are thermally coupled with respect to each other. Such thermal coupling can be accomplished, for example, by positioning all individual oscillators 30-33 in an enclosed cabinet. Such enclosed cabinets are often used in an indoor environment and are well known by those skilled in the art of constructing enclosures for oscillator banks.
- reference oscillator 26 generates a reference frequency f r which is emitted to thermally stable frequency discriminator 27.
- Reference oscillator 26 is preferably positioned within the same environment, such as the physical cabinet enclosure, as individual oscillators 30-33. Also, reference oscillator 26 is preferably an electrical equivalent to any one of individual oscillators 30-33. In preferred embodiments according to this invention, reference oscillator 26 does not contribute to the IF signal.
- Reference oscillator 26 and oscillators 30-33 are preferably constructed with identical circuit design, layout and physical housings. Such similarity between reference oscillator 26 and each of oscillators 30-33 result in all of the oscillators being electrically equivalent with respect to each other.
- thermoelectric properties of the related semiconductor devices can be matched through well known measurement techniques apparent to those skilled in the art.
- any undesired offset in frequency between individual oscillators 30-33 can be adjusted by mechanical tuning.
- mechanical tuning can be accomplished by adjusting a metal plate above the dielectric resonator.
- Temperature coefficients of the resonant frequencies of oscillators with identical design are very close to each other.
- temperature compensation can be used to minimize any frequency drift.
- Frequency drift is detected at the output of reference oscillator 26.
- the frequency f r of reference oscillator 26 is preferably chosen so that as shown in Fig. 2, f 1 ⁇ f r ⁇ f n .
- any change in output frequency causes a dc output voltage from frequency discriminator 27.
- Such dc output voltage can be fed to individual oscillators 30-33 to cancel the shift in frequency between such oscillators 30-33.
- oscillators 30-33 are preferably temperature matched with respect to each other, the same dc output voltage can be used to correct the frequency drift between oscillators 30-33.
- thermally stable frequency discriminator 46 preferably generates a dc correction voltage which is proportional to the frequency drift in f LO , and sends such dc correction voltage as an input to local oscillator 49.
- Fig. 4 shows a block diagram for a frequency discriminator, such as frequency discriminator 27 or 46, according to one preferred embodiment of this invention. As shown in Fig. 4, only filter or dispersive network 51 and detector diodes 52 are thermally stabilized. The remaining components, such as low-pass filter 53 and dc amplifier 54, can be thermally unregulated.
- Fig. 3 shows another preferred embodiment according to this invention of an apparatus for controlling frequency of a multi-channel microwave transmitter.
- oscillator bank 29 operates in a relatively lower frequency range where losses due to cables and waveguides are relatively low.
- Fig. 3 shows a direct synthesis system which is capable of generating an array of microwave channels up to approximately 20 GHz. The system shown in Fig. 3 requires no up-conversion function and requires only one thermally stable frequency discriminator 27.
- the means for generating and emitting the referenced frequency to thermally stable frequency discriminator 27 comprises frequency oscillator 26 having an output electrically coupled to an input of frequency discriminator 27.
- frequency oscillator 26 can be any suitable oscillator or oscillating device known to those skilled in the art.
- individual oscillators 30-33 of oscillator bank 29 can be combined to receive the output signal from frequency discriminator 27, in any suitable hardware manner known to those skilled in the art.
- Summing device 35, mixers 41 and 45, and amplifiers 24, 37 and 54 can also be of any conventional hardware components known to those skilled in the art.
Description
Claims (12)
- A method for controlling the frequency of a transmitter, including the steps of:generating a reference frequency (26) and emitting the reference frequency to a first thermally stable frequency discriminator (27);emitting a first dc voltage from the first thermally stable frequency discriminator (27) to a plurality of individual oscillators (30-33),
combining (35) a plurality of individual signals (21) correspondingly emitted from the individual oscillators (30-33)into an output signal (60) having a multi-channel intermediate frequency (IF) wherein the output signal (60) is mixed (41) with a control signal (61) emitted at a control frequency from a local oscillator (49) to form a first mixed signal (64) and the first mixed signal (64) is amplified and that a sample (61') of the control signal (61) is mixed (45) with a frequency reference signal (62) generated from a stable frequency source (47) to form a second mixed signal (63), the second mixed signal (63) is emitted to a second thermally stable frequency discriminator (46), and a second dc voltage is emitted from the second thermally stable frequency discriminator (46) and received by the local oscillator (49). - In a method according to Claim 1 wherein the multi-channel intermediate frequency is amplified (37) and emitted as the output signal.
- In a method according to Claim 1 wherein the sample of the control signal (61') is taken from a directional coupler (43) exposed to the control signal (61).
- In a method according to Claim 1 wherein the second mixed signal (63) is amplified.
- In a method according to Claim 1 wherein the individual signals (21) are each at an intermediate frequency less than an output frequency of the output signal (50).
- In a method according to Claim 1 wherein the individual signals (21) are different from each other and at least one fixed frequency interval is between adjacent said individual signals (21).
- In a method according to Claim 1 wherein the individual signals (21) are amplified before the individual signals are modulated and combined.
- A frequency controller for a multi-channel transmitter, the frequency controller comprising:a first thermally stable frequency discriminator (27), first means (26) for generating and emitting a reference frequency to said first thermally stable frequency discriminator (27); anda plurality of individual oscillators (30-33) combined to receive a discriminator output signal emitted from said first thermally stable frequency discriminator (27), second means (35) for combining a plurality of individual signals (21) emitted from said oscillators into an output signal (21,60) having a multi-channel intermediate frequency,
the frequency controller further comprises a local oscillator (49) emitting a control signal (61) at a control frequency, and means for mixing said control signal (61) with said output signal (60) and emitting a mixed signal (64), and a second thermally stable frequency discriminator (46), a stable frequency source (47) generating a frequency reference signal (62), a second mixer (45) for mixing said control signal (61) with said frequency reference signal (62) to form a second mixed signal (63) and to emit said second mixed Signal (63) to said second thermally stable frequency discriminator (46), and said local oscillator (49) receiving a second voltage emitted from said second thermally stable frequency discriminator (46). - A frequency controller according to Claim 8 further comprising an amplifier (37) for amplifying the multi-channel intermediate frequency to form the output signal (60).
- A frequency controller according to Claim 8 further comprising further amplifier for amplifying said first mixed signal (64).
- A frequency controller according to Claim 8 further comprising a directional coupler (43) exposed to said control signal (61).
- A frequency controller according to Claim 8 further comprising an amplifier for amplifying said second mixed signal (63) coming from the second mixer (45).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/396,137 US5768693A (en) | 1995-02-28 | 1995-02-28 | Method and apparatus for controlling frequency of a multi-channel transmitter |
US396137 | 1995-02-28 | ||
PCT/US1996/002847 WO1996027948A2 (en) | 1995-02-28 | 1996-02-28 | Method and apparatus for controlling frequency of a multi-channel transmitter |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0872051A2 EP0872051A2 (en) | 1998-10-21 |
EP0872051B1 true EP0872051B1 (en) | 2002-11-13 |
Family
ID=23566004
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96911237A Expired - Lifetime EP0872051B1 (en) | 1995-02-28 | 1996-02-28 | Method and apparatus for controlling frequency of a multi-channel transmitter |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5768693A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0872051B1 (en) |
AP (1) | AP809A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE227908T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU706897B2 (en) |
BG (1) | BG63446B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69624838T2 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ306032A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2183050C2 (en) |
UA (1) | UA42829C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996027948A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5768693A (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1998-06-16 | Telecommunications Equipment Corporation | Method and apparatus for controlling frequency of a multi-channel transmitter |
JPH11340738A (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 1999-12-10 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Oscillator and communication equipment |
IT1305710B1 (en) * | 1998-12-11 | 2001-05-15 | Itelco S P A | METHOD FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF MORE BROADCAST TYPE SIGNALS |
US6181258B1 (en) | 1999-05-17 | 2001-01-30 | Cellnet Data Systems, Inc. | Receiver capable of parallel demodulation of messages |
US6677862B1 (en) | 1999-05-17 | 2004-01-13 | Schlumbergersema Inc. | Transmitter tolerant to crystal variations |
US6452986B1 (en) | 1999-05-17 | 2002-09-17 | Cellnet Data Systems, Inc. | Detector tolerant of frequency misalignment |
US6477558B1 (en) | 1999-05-17 | 2002-11-05 | Schlumberger Resource Management Systems, Inc. | System for performing load management |
US6163276A (en) * | 1999-05-17 | 2000-12-19 | Cellnet Data Systems, Inc. | System for remote data collection |
US6714089B2 (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2004-03-30 | Xytrans, Inc. | High frequency signal source and method of generating same using dielectric resonator oscillator (DRO) circuit |
DE602008006423D1 (en) * | 2007-08-10 | 2011-06-01 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | MULTI-TRANSMISSION DEVICE WITH REDUCED COUPLING |
JP2010008273A (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2010-01-14 | Maspro Denkoh Corp | Millimeter wave imaging apparatus |
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US3593182A (en) * | 1969-04-16 | 1971-07-13 | Motorola Inc | Afc system for microwave energy sources |
US3614640A (en) * | 1970-01-27 | 1971-10-19 | Us Navy | Frequency discriminator using no inductive components |
US3686574A (en) * | 1970-08-19 | 1972-08-22 | Hallicrafters Co | Self-correcting afc system |
US3787612A (en) * | 1972-07-03 | 1974-01-22 | Zenith Radio Corp | Signal processing system for television receiver having acoustic surface wave devices for improved tuning and video demodulation |
US3868606A (en) * | 1973-09-28 | 1975-02-25 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Q-multiplied crystal resonator for improved hf and vhf source stabilization |
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CA1112300A (en) * | 1978-01-23 | 1981-11-10 | Gerald J.P. Lo | Circuit and method for reducing polarization crosstalk caused by rainfall |
US4243949A (en) * | 1978-11-17 | 1981-01-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Frequency stabilization technique for microstrip oscillators |
US4262355A (en) * | 1979-05-11 | 1981-04-14 | Rca Corporation | System for limiting intermodulation distortion of talkspurt signals |
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US4728907A (en) * | 1986-12-04 | 1988-03-01 | Eaton Corporation | Frequency/temperature compensated millimeter wave oscillator |
FR2607769B1 (en) * | 1986-12-08 | 1989-02-03 | Alsthom | SYSTEM FOR TWO-WAY TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION BETWEEN A GROUND STATION AND A STATION ON A RAIL VEHICLE |
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EP0307595A1 (en) * | 1987-09-11 | 1989-03-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Circuit arrangement for generating two very near frequencies |
JP2621331B2 (en) * | 1988-04-25 | 1997-06-18 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Millimeter-wave and sub-millimeter-wave oscillators |
IT1236905B (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1993-04-26 | SYSTEM FOR SETTING UP TRANSMITTERS IN LARGE CAPACITY DIGITAL RADIO LINKS | |
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US5768693A (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1998-06-16 | Telecommunications Equipment Corporation | Method and apparatus for controlling frequency of a multi-channel transmitter |
-
1995
- 1995-02-28 US US08/396,137 patent/US5768693A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-02-28 NZ NZ306032A patent/NZ306032A/en unknown
- 1996-02-28 EP EP96911237A patent/EP0872051B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-02-28 RU RU97116518/09A patent/RU2183050C2/en active
- 1996-02-28 WO PCT/US1996/002847 patent/WO1996027948A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-02-28 AP APAP/P/1997/001095A patent/AP809A/en active
- 1996-02-28 UA UA97094789A patent/UA42829C2/en unknown
- 1996-02-28 DE DE69624838T patent/DE69624838T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-02-28 AT AT96911237T patent/ATE227908T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-02-28 AU AU54184/96A patent/AU706897B2/en not_active Ceased
-
1997
- 1997-09-29 BG BG101928A patent/BG63446B1/en unknown
-
1998
- 1998-06-16 US US09/097,619 patent/US6081696A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BG63446B1 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
AP809A (en) | 2000-02-04 |
EP0872051A2 (en) | 1998-10-21 |
WO1996027948A3 (en) | 1996-12-05 |
BG101928A (en) | 1998-12-30 |
AP9701095A0 (en) | 1997-10-31 |
NZ306032A (en) | 1999-05-28 |
DE69624838T2 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
ATE227908T1 (en) | 2002-11-15 |
AU706897B2 (en) | 1999-07-01 |
UA42829C2 (en) | 2001-11-15 |
US5768693A (en) | 1998-06-16 |
DE69624838D1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
US6081696A (en) | 2000-06-27 |
RU2183050C2 (en) | 2002-05-27 |
AU5418496A (en) | 1996-09-23 |
WO1996027948A2 (en) | 1996-09-12 |
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