EP1054416A1 - Process for manufacturing transformers, in particular transformers for battery chargers and transformers obtained with said process - Google Patents
Process for manufacturing transformers, in particular transformers for battery chargers and transformers obtained with said process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1054416A1 EP1054416A1 EP99830306A EP99830306A EP1054416A1 EP 1054416 A1 EP1054416 A1 EP 1054416A1 EP 99830306 A EP99830306 A EP 99830306A EP 99830306 A EP99830306 A EP 99830306A EP 1054416 A1 EP1054416 A1 EP 1054416A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- core
- transformers
- frame
- windings
- associating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/02—Casings
- H01F27/022—Encapsulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/005—Impregnating or encapsulating
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Insulating Of Coils (AREA)
Abstract
A process for manufacturing transformers, in particular
miniaturized transformers for battery chargers, provides
the steps of associating with a support frame (3), a
primary winding (2) arranged to receive electricity
supply and a secondary winding (6) insulated from the
primary winding and arranged to supply electricity. Once
a core of ferromagnetic material (7) passing through the
cavities defined inside the primary and secondary
windings has been associated with the support structure,
an outer protection structure (11) is made for the frame,
windings and core which is associated with the structure
of the transformer itself while it is being made.
Description
The present invention relates to a process for
manufacturing transformers, in particular transformers
for battery chargers, and a transformer obtained by said
process.
Preferably, transformers in accordance with the invention
are of a miniaturized type with insulation from the
mains and power lower than 15 watt.
Their main use is as battery chargers for electric
devices such as cellular or cordless telephones.
It is known that transformers for battery chargers are
manufactured starting from a base structure of plastic
material defined by a pin-carrying bobbin.
Practically the pin-carrying bobbin is made up of a first
and a second side shoulders centrally joined by a tubular
portion.
During the transformer manufacturing step a primary
winding, of enamelled copper for example, is wound around
the tubular portion and its electric terminals are
connected with the respective pins carried by one of the
two shoulders.
Subsequently the primary winding is insulated by
superposition of one or more strips of a tape having
appropriate insulating features.
Then a secondary winding is added on top of the primary
winding still on the tubular portion and the respective
electric terminals are connected with the pins carried by
the other shoulder.
At this point closure of the magnetic circuit is carried
out by positioning an appropriate core of ferromagnetic
material in the structure.
The core is generally made of two identical halves having
an E-shaped conformation, which are positioned on the
pin-carrying bobbin in such a manner that the central leg
of both E's is fitted inside the tubular portion on which
the primary and secondary windings are located.
In detail, once in place, the core appears to be formed
of three columns only the central one of which is
surrounded by the primary and secondary windings.
In order to keep the two core halves in place, the end
surfaces of both of them intended to come into contact
with each other are coated with appropriate adhesive
materials.
In addition, in order to ensure a better structural
holding, soft glue is injected into the hollow space of
the tubular portion of the bobbin.
Transformers of this typology however have caused arising
of some problems, which are all substantially connected
with the increasing requirement of miniaturizing the
component itself.
In fact, for the purpose of observing the safety rules in
force, distances between the primary winding wires and
the secondary winding wires are to be maintained higher
than predetermined limit values, unless appropriate
insulating materials are interposed therebetween.
In order to solve this drawback, according to a first
known technique the transformer manufactured as briefly
described above is inserted into a plastics cover having
an upwardly turned cavity and such sizes that pins alone
project from the overall dimensions for electrical
connection.
The structure consisting of a cover and the inserted
transformer is then put into appropriate furnaces in
which the vacuum is created and the hollow spaces
generated between cover and transformer are subsequently
filled by casting with an epoxy resin until the cover is
almost completely filled up.
The presence of the vacuum has the function of ensuring
correct filling of the hollow spaces and the absence of
air bubbles or others.
The epoxy resin is then allowed to polymerize by an
appropriate heat and time cycle and the finished product
thus made enables transformers of small sizes to be
obtained in which distances between the primary winding
and secondary winding wires can be relatively small
because a further insulation supplied by the resin is
present.
However, a transformer manufactured following this
process has many drawbacks.
Firstly, it is to note that for obtaining a correct
polymerization of the epoxy resin a controlled cooling of
the resin itself over a time period of many hours (12-16
hours) is required.
In addition, control of the heat cycles is necessary in
order to avoid arising of internal stresses or possible
cracks in the material that could cause tests to be
carried out on the finished device, mechanical strength
tests for example, not to be overcome.
On the other hand, since furnaces in which the vacuum is
to be created are to be employed, there is an important
increase in costs connected with the machineries to be
used, which makes the transformer insulating operation
rather expensive.
In order to overcome at least partly these drawbacks, a
second transformer typology has also become widespread.
These second-type transformers are of very reduced sizes
and, in order to comply with the safety rules concerning
distances between the primary and secondary windings,
they use an electric wire provided with a three-layered
insulation for the secondary winding.
Practically the two first layers supply the required
appropriate insulation and the third layer acts as a
safety layer to avoid discharges or sparks between the
two windings being generated during operation.
Use of this wire typology makes insulation by the epoxy
resin no longer necessary, thereby eliminating the
polymerization and heat control steps, so that the
production rates are greatly increased.
However, this second transformer typology as well has
proved to suffer from many and serious drawbacks.
Firstly it is to note that the ferrite core is no longer
surrounded by, and incorporated into any insulating
structure, so that some powdered material detaching from
the core may be scattered inside the device and cause
shortcircuits and consequently malfunctions or breaking
of the device itself.
In addition, the structural holding between the two
halves forming the core is ensured by the only presence
of adhesive materials.
Since the glued surfaces are minimum, in case of an
insufficient amount of glue or if the glue is not
conveniently positioned, the core may have problems
connected with vibrations or separation of the parts, as
well as problems connected with leakage of the magnetic
flux, these parameters greatly affecting the final
transformer efficiency.
It is finally to note that the wire provided with a
three-layered insulation is very expensive, its cost
being much higher than the usual cost of a copper wire.
Therefore the present invention aims at substantially
solving all the above mentioned drawbacks.
It is a fundamental object of the invention to provide
a process for manufacturing transformers, and in
particular transformers of small sizes in which
observance of the safety rules is made possible by
suitably insulating the primary winding from the
secondary winding without, on the other hand, involving
high production times and high costs for process control.
It is a further object of the invention to avoid gluing
of the adjacent core portions of ferromagnetic material
while obtaining a correct positioning and a structural
steadiness of the core itself.
The invention also aims at avoiding, in case of core
breaking or damage, shortcircuits resulting from
scattering of the ferromagnetic material within the
electric device.
It is therefore a further object of the invention to
manufacture a transformer which is structurally strong
and capable of withstanding even severe mechanical
efforts.
The foregoing and further objects that will become more
apparent in the course of the present description are
substantially achieved by a process for manufacturing
transformers, in particular transformers for battery
chargers, in accordance with the features set forth in
the appended claims.
Further features and advantages will be best understood
from the detailed description of a preferred but non
exclusive embodiment of a transformer manufactured in
accordance with the process of the present invention.
This description will be taken hereinafter with reference
to the accompanying drawings, given by way of nonlimiting
example, in which:
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a transformer manufactured by a process in accordance with the present invention;
- Fig. 2 shows the whole transformer seen in Fig. 1 with the outer protection structure in chain line;
- Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a lower mould half arranged for carrying out the process in accordance with the present invention;
- Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a forming mould incorporating a transformer before injection of the plastic material;
- Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view similar to the one shown in Fig. 4, but obtained along an axis rotated through 90° relative to the preceding one; and
- Fig. 6 is a perspective view of an upper mould half arranged for carrying out the process in accordance with the present invention.
With reference to the drawings, a transformer obtained by
the process being the object of the invention has been
generally denoted by 1.
As one can see from Fig. 2, the inner structure of
transformer 1 consists of a support frame 3, preferably
of plastic material, manufactured by moulding and having
two side portions 3a, 3b joined together by a tubular
central portion 3c.
Associated with each of the two side portions 3a, 3b is
a first and a second series of conductor pins 4, 5
fastened to the support frame at a lower portion thereof.
The primary winding 2 is generally made using an
enamelled copper wire and is intended for receiving
electricity supply from the domestic network.
One or more layers of insulating material, a wound-up
tape of an appropriate material for example (not shown in
the accompanying figures) are present on the upper
surface of the primary winding.
A secondary winding 6 is present on top of the primary
winding 2 and the insulating layer and it is electrically
insulated from the primary winding 2 and connected to the
second series of pins 5, said secondary winding being
arranged for supplying said pins with electricity.
The magnetic circuit is completed with the presence of a
core of ferromagnetic material 7 having at least one leg
7a, in particular the central leg, arranged to be fitted
at least partly into a cavity 8 defined by the primary
and secondary windings of the tubular portion of frame 3.
The ferromagnetic material core 7 is divided into two
halves 9, 10, of which at least one first body 9 has the
mentioned projecting leg 7a.
In the embodiment herein shown the ferromagnetic material
core is made up of two identical halves 9, 10
substantially having an E-shaped conformation.
The two bodies 9, 10 are positioned on the support frame
3 in such a manner that they have corresponding end faces
9a, 10a facing each other (see Figs. 4 and 5), so as to
define a final three-column structure of the core.
In particular, the central column is fitted into the
cavity 8 defined by the tubular central portion 3c and
around which the primary 2 and secondary 6 windings are
wound.
The transformer is also provided with an outer protection
structure 11 for the frame 3, windings 2, 6 and core 7
from which only the first and second series of pins 4, 5
project (Fig. 1).
From a construction point of view, the process for
manufacturing the transformers briefly described above
is as follows.
Firstly the support frame of plastic material is made, by
moulding for example. Associated with the thus obtained
frame is first the primary winding 2 around the tubular
central portion 3c, then the insulating layer and
afterwards the secondary winding 6.
In general, during the support frame moulding step the
first and second series of conductor pins 4, 5 are
provided to be rigidly associated with the frame itself.
Then welding of the terminals of the primary 2 and
secondary 6 windings to the corresponding pins 4, 5 is
carried out so as to accomplish electric connections of
the transformer. It is to note that the primary and
secondary windings are electrically insulated from each
other.
Then the ferromagnetic core 7 is associated with the
frame provided with windings and in more detail the first
and second E-shaped bodies 9, 10 are positioned in such
a manner that at least the central column of the core is
fitted into the tubular central portion 3c.
At this point the outer protection structure 11 for the
frame 3, windings 2, 6 and core 7 is made, and said
protection structure is associated with the previously
assembled transformer.
Advantageously, the steps of manufacturing and
associating the outer protection structure are carried
out simultaneously during one and the same step of the
manufacturing process.
Practically the bobbin with the different elements
associated therewith is positioned within a mould half of
the type shown in Fig. 3 so that the first and second
series pins 4, 5 are fitted at least partly in
corresponding cavities 12 present in the inner surface of
the mould half.
Then the mould is closed with an upper mould half (shown
in the accompanying figures only in section; Figs. 4, 5)
so that the transformer is housed in a cavity 13
conforming in shape to the outer protection structure 11
to be made.
Under this situation a plastic material intended for
completely filling all hollow spaces generated between
the mould and frame is introduced, preferably injected,
into the mould. This material is injected into the mould
through channels 14 highlighted in Fig. 3 and generally
consists of a thermoplastic material in the liquid state,
a polycarbonate or polyethylene terephthalate for
example.
Prior to the plastic material injection step, a step of
mechanically locking the first and second bodies 9, 10
defining core 7 to the desired position is also provided;
bodies 9, 10 are such arranged that the contact surfaces
9a, 10a of same are exactly superposed on each other.
In detail, the mechanical-locking step is obtained by use
of pushers 15 which operate by moving the first and
second bodies along a mutual approaching/moving apart
direction, as shown by arrows 16 in Fig. 5.
As viewed from Figs. 3 and 4, the mould has appropriate
guides defined by through holes 17 to enable pushers 15
to reach the first and second bodies 9, 10 defining the
ferromagnetic material core 7 once the mould has been
closed.
These pushers 15 are fitted into holes 17 before
injection of the thermoplastic material, in order to
ensure a correct positioning of the core the position of
which will be subsequently maintained by the
thermoplastic material itself, once hardened.
On the other hand, in order to keep the first and second
bodies 9, 10 defining the core conveniently aligned, a
given number of support elements 18 operating in a plane
parallel to the approaching/moving apart direction 16 of
the first and second bodies is provided.
These support elements can be actuated along the
direction of arrows 20 (Fig. 4) orthogonal to direction
16 and, once in place within the mould, have the function
of supporting the core 7 halves in a plane on which they
are moved close to each other.
In fact a mould half has through cavities 19 arranged to
receive the support elements 18 used for ensuring
matching of the contact surfaces 9a, 10a of the first and
second bodies defining the ferromagnetic material core.
Once the thermoplastic material has hardened (this
hardening process having a duration in the order of ten
seconds), the mould is opened and the thus made
transformer is removed therefrom.
It is finally to note (see in particular Figs. 2, 4 and
5) that the first and second series of conductor pins 4,
5 are only partly inserted in the cavities present in the
mould halves. This aims at enabling electrical connection
of the transformer with external circuits but, at the
same time, at ensuring better structural engagement of
the pins with the complete structure of the transformer
itself.
In fact, a free portion 4a, 5a of these pins that is not
directly engaged with the support frame 3 is coated with
thermoplastic material and therefore the whole structure
of the frame and pins is stiffened.
The invention achieves important advantages.
In fact a transformer of small sizes manufactured with a
process in accordance with the description of the present
invention enables an important material saving
essentially resulting from the possibility of reducing
the overall sizes of the device to a great extent.
The manufacturing process is greatly streamlined and
speeded up, as long times connected with possible
polymerizations of the materials and others are no longer
required.
The obtained transformer is a very strong product,
capable of overcoming severe mechanical-strength tests
and in addition, if the core of ferromagnetic material
should break, no scattering of the powder within the
device would occur and therefore the risk of possible
shortcircuits is avoided. In addition, due to the
presence of the appropriate insulating material occupying
all hollow spaces defined by the transformer in the
mould, all safety rules can be observed while enabling
the transformer miniaturization to become increasingly
more marked.
It is finally to point out that the particular
positioning procedure of the ferromagnetic material core
allows any type of gluing operation to be avoided,
because the transformer structural holding is ensured by
the thermoplastic material.
Thus, all problems resulting from the minimum contact
surfaces and therefore possible problems of vibrations or
stray magnetic flux are avoided.
Claims (10)
- A process for manufacturing transformers, in particular transformers for battery chargers, comprising the following steps:arranging a support frame (3);associating a primary winding (2) arranged for receiving electricity supply with the support frame (3);associating a secondary winding (6), electrically insulated from the primary winding (2) and arranged for supplying electricity, with the support frame (3);associating a core of ferromagnetic material (7) with the support frame (3), said core (3) passing through cavities (8) defined internally of the primary and secondary windings,making an outer protection structure (11) for the frame (3), windings (2, 6) and core (7); andassociating the protection structure (11) with the frame, windings and core, the steps of making and associating the protection structure (11) with the frame, windings and core being carried out simultaneously.
- A process for manufacturing transformers as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises the steps of:engaging a first and a second series of conductor pins (4, 5) with the support frame (3);carrying out electrical connection of the first series pins (4) with the primary winding (2); andcarrying out electrical connection of the second series pins (5) with the secondary winding (6).
- A process for manufacturing transformers as claimed in anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that the step of associating the ferromagnetic material core (7) comprises the sub-steps of:arranging a first body (9) defining part of the ferromagnetic material core (7) and having at least one projecting leg (7a);arranging a second body (10) capable of defining the core (7) together with the first body (9);positioning the first body (9) on the frame (3) by fitting the projecting leg (7a) at least partly into the cavity defined by the primary (2) and secondary (6) windings; andpositioning the second body (10) on the frame (3) to define the whole structure of the core (7).
- A process for manufacturing transformers as claimed in anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steps of associating a primary winding (2) and a secondary winding (6) are successive in time, said secondary winding (6) being wound on top of the primary winding (2) after an intermediate step of insulating the primary winding from the secondary one.
- A process for manufacturing transformers as claimed in anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that the step of making and associating the outer protection structure (11) comprises the sub-steps of:positioning the frame (3) with the windings (2, 6) and core (7) associated therewith, inside a forming mould conforming in shape to the outer protection structure to be made;introducing, and preferably injecting, a plastic material into the mould, which material is intended for filling the hollow spaces generated between the mould and frame; andremoving the transformer (1) from the mould.
- A process for manufacturing transformers as claimed in claims 2 and 5, characterized in that the sub-step of positioning the frame (3) with the windings (2, 6) and core (7) associated therewith, involves an at least partial insertion of the first and second series of pins (4, 5) into corresponding cavities present in an inner surface of the mould.
- A process for manufacturing transformers as claimed in claims 3 and 5, characterized in that the sub-steps of positioning the frame with the windings and core associated therewith, involves the step of mechanically locking the first and second bodies (9, 10) defining the core to a desired position, said locking being carried out before the step of introducing the plastic material and being at least partly maintained during said step.
- A process for manufacturing transformers as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the mechanical-locking step is obtained by means of pusher means (15) operating along a mutual approaching/moving apart direction (16) of the first and second bodies.
- A process for manufacturing transformers as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the positioning sub-step comprises the further step of keeping the first and second bodies defining the core in alignment with each other by use of support elements (18) movable along a direction (20) transverse to that of the pusher means (15) and operating in a plane parallel to the approaching/moving apart direction (16) of the first and second bodies.
- A transformer, in particular for battery chargers, manufactured with a process in accordance with anyone of the preceding claims.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99830306A EP1054416A1 (en) | 1999-05-18 | 1999-05-18 | Process for manufacturing transformers, in particular transformers for battery chargers and transformers obtained with said process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99830306A EP1054416A1 (en) | 1999-05-18 | 1999-05-18 | Process for manufacturing transformers, in particular transformers for battery chargers and transformers obtained with said process |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1054416A1 true EP1054416A1 (en) | 2000-11-22 |
Family
ID=8243410
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99830306A Withdrawn EP1054416A1 (en) | 1999-05-18 | 1999-05-18 | Process for manufacturing transformers, in particular transformers for battery chargers and transformers obtained with said process |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1054416A1 (en) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1029282A (en) * | 1962-02-14 | 1966-05-11 | Plessey Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to encapsulation of electrical components |
US4102973A (en) * | 1974-01-04 | 1978-07-25 | Hanning Elektro-Werke | Method of producing an excitation coil for shaded pole electric motors |
US4544906A (en) * | 1984-05-29 | 1985-10-01 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Transformer having coaxial coils |
WO1991014274A1 (en) * | 1990-03-13 | 1991-09-19 | Valentine Engineering, Inc. | High efficiency encapsulated power transformer |
US5056214A (en) * | 1989-12-19 | 1991-10-15 | Mark Iv Industries, Inc | Method of making a molded transformer enclosure |
-
1999
- 1999-05-18 EP EP99830306A patent/EP1054416A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1029282A (en) * | 1962-02-14 | 1966-05-11 | Plessey Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to encapsulation of electrical components |
US4102973A (en) * | 1974-01-04 | 1978-07-25 | Hanning Elektro-Werke | Method of producing an excitation coil for shaded pole electric motors |
US4544906A (en) * | 1984-05-29 | 1985-10-01 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Transformer having coaxial coils |
US5056214A (en) * | 1989-12-19 | 1991-10-15 | Mark Iv Industries, Inc | Method of making a molded transformer enclosure |
WO1991014274A1 (en) * | 1990-03-13 | 1991-09-19 | Valentine Engineering, Inc. | High efficiency encapsulated power transformer |
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