US3599195A - Dual alarm, coaxial line resonator, intrusion detection system - Google Patents

Dual alarm, coaxial line resonator, intrusion detection system Download PDF

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US3599195A
US3599195A US733671A US3599195DA US3599195A US 3599195 A US3599195 A US 3599195A US 733671 A US733671 A US 733671A US 3599195D A US3599195D A US 3599195DA US 3599195 A US3599195 A US 3599195A
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alarm
resonator
radiator
timer
coaxial line
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George Boyko
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Pinkertons Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • G08B13/2491—Intrusion detection systems, i.e. where the body of an intruder causes the interference with the electromagnetic field
    • G08B13/2497—Intrusion detection systems, i.e. where the body of an intruder causes the interference with the electromagnetic field using transmission lines, e.g. cable
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B19/00—Alarms responsive to two or more different undesired or abnormal conditions, e.g. burglary and fire, abnormal temperature and abnormal rate of flow
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/14—Central alarm receiver or annunciator arrangements

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An alarm system having at least one condition responsive sensor.
  • a plurality of sensors can be employed in [52] US. Cl 340/258, the system to detect such conditions as the presence Of a 334/45' 340/2l3- IMO/3091' 340/309-3 ing intruder within a protected area, heat and/or'smoke, the
  • the present invention relates to alarm systems in general and, more particularly, to avcontinuous'wave, electromagnetic moving object detection system which--senses1changcs in the impedance of the system santenna circuit produced by an object movingsthrough the'protection area. Provision is made in the system for utilizing the timingand alarm .circuits on a shared basis with other condition nresponsiver sensors to broaden the type of protection:coveragerprovided by the alarm system.
  • Representative examples of such systems include Chapin, .U.S. Reissue Pat. No. 25,100 and Bojko, US. Pat. 1 Nos. 3,210,752 and 3,237,191.
  • thezelectrical connections between the remote antennas and-the. central station oscillators were made by coaxial' cable. This wiring arrangement presented a number of problemsincluding, 'signal' attenuation along the coaxial cables,false" alarms'produced by motion of the. cable, highacable'and installation costs,-and maintenance of the cable and connectors.
  • an alarm system having at least one remote motion sensing unit and a central control station.
  • Another object of the invention to provide a timed, sequential dual alarm. It is a feature of the dual alarm circuit that the circuit is blocked for a predetermined period of time after the first alarm signal and atth'e end of each full alarm cycle.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the alarm systemshowing the major components thereof;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematicdiagram of the sequential, dual alarm timer
  • FIG. 6 is a block'diagram of one configuration of the logic circuit with a plurality of remote motion-sensors.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the line-battery power supply for thealarm system.
  • the alarm system has atleast one electromagnetic moving object detector or sensor 12 comprising a radio frequencyoscillator 14, a coaxial line resonator 16, an antenna 18 and a detector 20 for sensingchanges in-the antenna circuit impedance produced by objects moving 'withinthe-radiated field pattern in the protect'ed area.
  • timer is reset.
  • An inhibit circuit'34 is provided toblock the rtimer'from any alarm signal for a short period after receipt of thefirstalarmsignal and-again at the end of thetiming cycle.
  • Corresponding first and secondalarms 36 and 38, respectively, and an inhibit :circu'it'40 are connected to timer 28.
  • the additional remote sensors and signal amplifiers arerepresented as a group 42 by the dashed block in FIG. 1.
  • the alarm-system l0 can accommodate a variety of satellite rsensorsto provide coverage of other conditions besides the presence of a moving intruder within the protected area.
  • a heatand/or smoke sensor 44 can be positioned at a 'criticallocation with the output from the sensor being directly fed toon'e of the timers'26 and 28 or alternatively to thelogic circuit 24.
  • Thelatter configuration provides greater interconnection.fiexibility together with area identification. Additional condition responsivesensors or switches, replesentationally indicated by block 46 can be wired into the alarm system to share'the logic, timer and alarm circuits.
  • the motion sensor portion of the alarm system is shown in schematic fonn in FIG. 2.
  • the tunable RF oscillator 14 employs a single, grounded base NPN transistor 50 to generate the continuous, sinusoidal waves that excite a coaxial line resonator 52.
  • a typical operating frequency for oscillator 20 is 400 megahertz. However, other frequencies, generally in the UHF range, can be used for electromagnetic motion detectors.
  • RF ground for the base of transistor 50 is established by a capacitor 54 that shunts base resistor 56.
  • the base resistor 56, together with resistor 58 forms a bias voltage divider from B regulated to ground.
  • Emitter resistor 60 provides a DC feedback path for oscillator stabilization while RF feedback is prevented by a shunt capacitor 62 which places a RF ground at the bottom of radio frequency choke 64. Coupling of the generated radio frequency energy to the power supply (not shown) is prevented by a second radio frequency choke 66 in the collector circuit.
  • the required inphase RF feedback to sustain oscillation is provided by the collector-base and emitter-base capacitances.
  • the frequency determining components of the oscillator comprise inductor 68, variable capacitor 70 and a portion of the coaxial line'center conductor 72.
  • the oscillator frequency is tuned by varying the series capacitance of the frequency determining circuit. This is accomplished by adjusting the variable capacitor 70.
  • the oscillator circuit 14 is shielded by an electromagnetic shield shown by the dashed lines in FIG. 2 and identified by the reference numeral 74.
  • the oscillator circuit and coaxial line resonator 52 are constructed on a common chassis so that a portion of the oscillator shield 74 is common to the coaxial line resonator outer conductor 76.
  • a current return path must be provided as shown by line 78.
  • Coaxial line resonators of the type illustrated in FIG. 2 are now generally classified as cavity" resonators. Henney, Radio Engineering Handbook, 5th Edition, page 646.
  • the coaxial line resonator 16 can be regarded as a coaxial transmission line short-circuited at one end and open at the other end. Terrnan, Electronic and Radio Engineering, 4th Edi tion, pages 159-161.
  • the coaxial line resonator is capacitively loaded and tuned by a variable capacitor 80 located at the open end of the line. This location provides the greatest tuning effect per unit of capacitance.
  • other tuning methods including varying the physical dimensions of the cavity, can be employed to peak the coaxial line resonator.
  • the coaxial line resonator or cavity can have a true coaxial construction, i.e., inner and outer cylindrical conductors with a common axis, or a hybrid configuration.
  • a true coaxial construction i.e., inner and outer cylindrical conductors with a common axis, or a hybrid configuration.
  • One possible hybrid configuration is the so-called trough line" that has a center conductor positioned within a rectangular,
  • coaxial line has been selected to describe the resonator 52 because it connotes a centrally disposed conductor surrounded by one or more conducting surfaces. This is true even though the conducting surfaces may define a rectangular cavity rather than a cylindrical cavity. Therefore, as used herein, the term coaxial line resonator shall mean a resonant cavity having a centrally disposed conductor short-circuited at one end to the conducting surface or surfaces which form the cavity and open at the other end.
  • the coaxial line resonator 52 has a high Figure of Merit (O) which allows the oscillator 14 to be very loosely coupled to the resonator. Coupling of the oscillator to the resonator is controlled by the position of the oscillator tap point 82 along the center conductor 72 of the resonator. The coupling should be as loose as possible within the limits imposed by the desired detection range. The loose coupling of the oscillator to the high Q coaxial line resonator circuit effectively isolates the oscillator from motion produced impedance changes in the antenna circuit thereby maintaining the frequency stability of the oscillator.
  • O Figure of Merit
  • the coaxial line resonator 52 is constructed with the center conductor 72 having a physical length that is less than onefourth A at the operating frequency.
  • the electrical leng th of the line is adjusted by varying capacitor 80.
  • the output n' in' the coaxial line resonator is capacitively coupled through; capacitor 84 to radiator 18.
  • the radiator which hasa length between one-fourth )t andone-half A, is voltage fed to achieve maximum detection sensitivity. It can be seen from FIG. 2,
  • a rectifier 88 Changes in the impedance of the antenna circuit produced by motion of an object within the radiated field pattern of the alarm system are sensed by a rectifier 88.
  • the rectifier is connected to the centerline 72 of the coaxial line resonator at a point 90 located slightly below the output tap 86 for the antenna.
  • the connection point for the rectifier is a compromise between achieving maximum voltage output and minimum effect upon the Q of the coaxial line resonator.
  • a load for the rectifier 88 is provided by resistor 92.
  • the alarm system employs a high gain, low frequency amplifier 22 to boost the detected motion signal to a level that is sufficient for processing in the logic circuit 24 and subsequent actuation of timers 26 and 28.
  • the amplifier is designed to have a gain of unity at DC and a gain of 2500 at 1.0 hertz with a bandwidth of 0.5 hertz to 3.0 hertz (3 db. points).
  • a high impedance, input stage is provided by a field effect transistor (FET) 96 connected as a source follower to the first stage of a two stage, directcoupled amplifier comprising transistors 98 and 100.
  • FET field effect transistor
  • the FET input stage allows the use of a much smaller value of capacitance for the coupling capacitor 94. In view of the low frequency bandwidth of the amplifier, this feature is important in terms of the physical size of the coupling capacitor.
  • Amplification of the detected motion signal is performed by the two stage amplifier circuit of transistors 98 and 100.
  • the bandwidth of the total circuit i.e., FET 96 and transistors 98 and 100, is determined at the high end by capacitor 102 in the Gate circuit of FET 94 and by a collector-to-base feedback capacitor 104 for transistor 100.
  • the value of the feedback capacitor is selected to provide high frequency clipping over 30.0 hertz and at 35.0 hertz, the gain of the amplifier is unity.
  • the low end of the amplifier bandwidth is controlled by the first stage emitter resistor and capacitor 106 and 108, respec tively, and by the corresponding resistor 110 and capacitor 112 in the emitter circuit of the second stage transistor 100.
  • Linearity control 1 l4 Two operating controls are provided in amplifier 22: a Linearity control 1 l4 and a Range control 116.
  • the Linearity control is a factory adjustment that is made to increase or decrease the current flow through the first stage transistor 98 to match the individual characteristics of the input stage field effect transistor 96.
  • the Range control 116 adjusts the gain of amplifier 22 by increasing or. decreasing the amount of unbypassed feedback resistance in the emitter circuit of transistor 100. The maximum gain andtherefore the maximum range for the motion sensor 12 is obtained when the Range control is set for minimum resistance.
  • the logic circuit 24 shown in block diagram in FIG. 1 comprises one or more logic gates 118 depicted in schematic diagram in FIG. 4.
  • the output from amplifier22 is capacitively coupled through capacitor 120 to the base of a normally cutoff transistor 122.
  • the presence of the amplified motion signal at the base of transistor 122 biases the transistor into conduction causing a positive going pulse to be applied to the input of timer 26.
  • each remote motion sensor 12 has its own.
  • amplifier 22 and logic gate 120 and that two or more of the gates can be prewired with their collectors in parallel to form anOR input circuit for one of the timers.
  • the prewired parallel gates use a common collector load resistor 124 which is shown in the timer input circuit in FIG. 5.
  • the basic function of the electronic timer 26 is to provide sequential, dual alarm signals to the first and second alarm means 30 and 32, respectively.
  • the first alarm control circuitry of the timer is gated for a short period after the first alarm and at the end ofeach full timing cycle.
  • the timer 26 comprises two bistable devices, such as, flip-flops (FF) 126 and 128, two alarm relays 130 and 132 and the associated trigger and gating circuits which will be described below in detail.
  • the energization state of the first alarm relay 130 is controlled by FF 126 while the second alarm relay 132 is energized or deenergized by the action of FF 128.
  • Each flip-flop has two transistors, one normally conducting and the other normally cutoff. For flip-flop 126, transistor 126a is normally conducting and transistor l26b is normally cutoff. Similarly, for flip-flop 128, transistor 128a is normally ON while transistor 128b is normally OFF.
  • timer 26 can best be understood by examining the sequence of events produced by the presence of a moving object within the radiated field pattern of the motion sensor 12.
  • the motion of the object through the protected area causes changes in the antenna circuit impedance which generate an AC motion signal at the output of rectifier 88 (FIG. 2).
  • the alternating current motion signal is capacitively coupled to and amplified by the low frequency, high gain amplifier 22. After amplification, the motion signal is capacitively coupled to the base of the normally cutoff logic gate transistor 122.
  • the motion signal forces transistor 122 into conduction causing a positive going pulse to be applied through crystal diode 134 to the base of the normally OFF Transistor l26b turns ON thereby turning OFF the normally conducting transistor 126a.
  • transistor 126a stops conducting the first alarm relay deenergizes and actuates the first alarm 30.
  • Various wiring options are available for the first alarm 30 because the first alarm relay 130 has both normally closed and normally open contacts, 130a130b and 130a- 1300, respectively. As shown in FIG. 5, the relay is normally energized and it is assumed that the first alarm 30 is actuated by the closure of the normally open contacts l30a--130c upon deenergization of the relay.
  • the second alarm 32 is wired in parallel with the first alarm for closed circuit standby condition and in series for open circuit standby condition. At the very instant that the second alarm relay 132 deenergizes, the conditions for a second alarm are fulfilled. However, this condition is only momentary because. of the action of the gating circuit which will be described below. A suitable delay circuit can be inserted in the second alarm circuit to completely eliminate even a momentary second alarm.
  • relay transfer contact 132d moves from fixed contact l32e to fixed contact 132]. This action puts B voltage on one side of capacitor 146 causing the capacitor to charge through resistor 148. The positive voltage at the top of resistor 148 biases a normally cutoff field effect transistor (FET) 150 into conduction which in turn causes transistor 152 to conduct.
  • FET field effect transistor
  • the base of FF transistor 1260 is biased almost to the supply voltage because of the relative resistances of resistor 154 and the series circuit of resistances 156 and 158.
  • the resistor 154 has a very low value compared to the series resistance of resistors 156 and 158. For instance, a resistance ratio of approximately 1:50 is suitable to 'causehard conduction of FF transistor 1260. This condition will .last for one to two seconds while the FET 150 is biased into conduction by the voltage developed by the charging current of capacitor 146. During this period, the first alarm flipflop 126 is gated against any input signal because even a positive alarm signal would not be sufficient to turn off the hard conducting FF transistor 126a. At the end of the 1-2 second period, FET 150 and transistor 152 stop conducting and FF transistor 126a returns to its normal conducting bias condition.
  • the first alarm relay is energized and the second alarm relay is deenergized. If another alarm signal is received within a predetermined time period, FF 126 is triggered causing relay 130 to drop out. Since the second alarm relay is already deenergized, the conditions are fulfilled for a second alarm and the second alarm 32 is actuated.
  • the predetermined time period within which the second alarm signal must occur is established by a trigger circuit comprising unijunction transistor (UJT) 160, capacitor 162 and resistor 164.
  • UJT unijunction transistor
  • capacitor 162 starts to charge through the path established by resistor 164 and contacts 132d and 132f of the second alarm relay.
  • the RC time constant is selected so that the firing voltage for UJT 160 is reached approximately one minute after the second alarm relay was deenergized. Firing of the UJT trigger 160 puts a positive pulse through isolating crystal diode 166 on the base of FF transistor 128a causing the transistor to start conducting again.
  • the second alarm relay 132 is again energized and the short circuit across capacitor 168 is removed by the transfer of relay contact 132d from contact 132f to contact 132e.
  • Capacitor 168 functions in the same manner as capacitor 146 by charging through FET gate resistor 148. Both the FET and transistor 142 are turned on causing FF transistor 126a to conduct hard for another l2 second period. The gating of the first alarm flip-flop at the end of each full timing cycle is done to prevent any possibility of timer ride through" caused by switching transients.
  • a conventional tamper switch 170 is provided for the alarm system to give a warning of any physical disturbance to the system. Opening of the normally closed tamper switch 170 breaks the emitter circuit for FF transistor 126a causing relay 130 to drop out which in turn actuates the first alarm 30.
  • a key switch 172 is also provided in the alarm system to prevent alarms during normal business hours or at any other time selected by the user.
  • the key switch 172 is normally closed in the ALARM condition.
  • resistor 174 is added to the gate circuit of FET 150 and, together with resistor 176, forms a voltage divider from B to ground.
  • FET 150 is biased ON by the voltage divider and remains conducting as long as the key switch is open. Since FET 150 is conducting, transistor 152 will also be conducting with the result that FF transistor 126a will conduct hard until the key switch is closed. In this condition, it is impossible to turn OFF FF transistor 126a with any alarm signal that is applied to the base of FF transistor l26b.
  • LOGIC CIRCUIT In an alarm system having a plurality of remote motion sensors 12, and a corresponding plurality of amplifiers 22, a variety of interconnection configurations can be employed to provide the desired degree of zone coverage and zone identification of alarm signals. Given an eight sensor system, the interconnection arrangements can vary from eight sensors driving eight amplifiers and eight gates 118 that are logical OR connected, or at the opposite pole, each sensor-amplifier can have its own separate timer. It will be appreciated that the alarm system of the present invention is not limited to any specific interconnection configuration and that in the simplest form, the system can comprise a single motion sensor driving an amplifier which in turn is connected to a single, sequential dual alarm timer that actuatcs the first and second alarms.
  • FIG. 6 One representative example of an eight sensor interconnection arrangement is illustrated in block diagram in FIG. 6. Of the eight motion sensors, four sensors 120 through 12d are connected through their corresponding amplifiers 22 and gates 118 to a single timer 26 a-d so that a motion signal from i any one of the four sensors will actuate the timer.
  • the logical OR function is performed by prewiring the output collector circuits of the gates in parallel to a common load resistor, such as, resistor 124 shown in the timer diagram of FIG. 5.
  • Two of the remaining sensors, 122 and 12f are prewired in an OR configuration to another timer 26ef.
  • the last two sensors, 12g and 12h each have their own individual timers, 26g and 26h, respectively.
  • the separate sensor-timer arrangements are useful when specific zone coverage and zone identification are required.
  • the four OR wired motion sensors 121: through 12d could be used for perimeter zone protection while the single separate sensors could be used in one or more areas requiring maximum security.
  • the basic line-battery operated power supply 48 has two stages of voltage regulation as shown in FIG. 7.
  • a third stage of voltage regulations is provided for the RF oscillator 14 to compensate for voltage drops in the wiring between the central station power supply and the remotely located motion sensor oscillator.
  • the circuitry for the third stage regulator is shown in the amplifier schematic of FIG. 3 and will be discussed later on.
  • the power supply 48 comprises: a standby, rechargable battery 178; a line operated, full wave rectifier 180; a first stage series voltage regulator 182; a battery charger and control circuit 184; a second stage series voltage regulator 186; and, a zener referenced, four stage DC amplifier control circuit 188 for the second stage regulator 186.
  • the alarm system circuits are powered by the rectified line current.
  • Battery 178 is provided for standby DC power in the event of power line failures.
  • the battery is maintained in a charged condition by battery charger'184 that utilizes a control transistor 190 to vary the base current of the series regulator 182.
  • a voltage reference for the control transistor 190 is established by a single field effect transistor (FET) 192.
  • FET field effect transistor
  • Another field effect transistor 194, connected as a source follower, is interposed between the voltage reference transistor 192 and the control transistor 190 to act as a buffer.
  • Short circuit protection for battery 178 is provided by a circuit breaker 196. Protection for the line operated supply is ob tained by cutting off both the series regulator 182 and the control transistor 190 whenever the current drain exceeds a predetermined amount.
  • the series regulator 182 is cutoff by diode 198 when the voltage drops across resistor 200 and the base-emitter junction of regulator 182 exceeds the forward voltage required to overcome the junction potential barrier of the diode.
  • a similar action occurs in the control transistor 190 with respect to resistor 199 and the series diodes 201.
  • the second stage, series voltage regulator 186 is controlled by the four stage DC amplifier 188 that is referenced to Zener diode 202. If the motion sensor RF oscillators were located at the central station two stages of power supply regulation would normally be sufficient. However, the oscillators are usually located at a distance of up to 300 feet from the central station. At such distances the voltage drops in the connecting wire must be compensated for by an additional stage of voltage regulation at the oscillator itself.
  • the amplifier and RF oscillator are housed in the same unit so that load length between the amplifier assembly and the oscillator can be considered negligible from the standpoint of a voltage drop.
  • the output from the second stage power supply regulator is applied to a third stage regulator, indicated generally by the reference numeral 204.
  • the third stage regulator comprises a series transistor regulator 206 and a central transistor 208 that is referenced to Zener diode 210.
  • the regulated output from transistor 206 is used to power both the RF oscillator 14 and the amplifier 22.
  • a condition responsive alarm system comprising:
  • At least one electromagnetic motion sensor comprising:
  • radiator and a coaxial line resonator coupled to said radiator, said resonator and radiator defining an antenna circuit with said radiator and coaxial line resonator both being used during transmission and reception,
  • a condition responsive alarm system comprising:
  • At least one electromagnetic motion sensor comprising:
  • radiator and a coaxial line resonator coupled to said radiator, said resonator and radiator defining an antenna circuit with said radiator and coaxial line resonator both being used during transmission and reception;
  • said alarm timer means including: means for inhibiting said alarm timer means for a first predetermined period after the first occurrence of said output signal and for a second predetermined period after the end of the timing cycle of said alarm timer means.
  • the alarm system of claim 2 further characterized by first and second alarm means responsive to said first and second alarm signals, respectively.
  • the alarm system of claim 2 further characterized by a plurality of motion sensors and logical OR circuit means for connecting the output signal producing means of said sensors to said timer.
  • the alarm system of claim 2 further characterized by a second plurality of motion sensors and second logical OR circuit means for connecting the output signal producing means of said second plurality of sensors to a second sequential, dual alarm timer means.
  • a condition responsive alarm system comprising:
  • At least one electromagnetic motion sensor comprising:
  • radiator and a coaxial line resonator coupled to said radiator, said resonator and radiator defining an antenna circuit with said radiator and coaxial line resonator both being used during transmission and reception,
  • alarm timer means responsive to said output signal for producing first and second alarm signals, said alarm timer means comprising:
  • a first bistable device having a NORMAL state and an ALARM state, said device being changed to the ALARM state in response to the output signal from said motion sensor;
  • a second bistable device having a NORMAL state and an ALARM state
  • delayed trigger means responsive to the ALARM state of said first device for producing a trigger signal to change said second device to the ALARM state;

Abstract

An alarm system having at least one condition responsive sensor. A plurality of sensors can be employed in the system to detect such conditions as the presence of a moving intruder within a protected area, heat and/or smoke, the movement of windows and doors, the presence or absence of infrared and/or visible radiation, and any other condition that can be monitored by sensing means. The system preferably includes a logic circuit that is programmed to respond to the output signals from one or more preselected sensors. At least one timer is used to actuate a first alarm device in response to a first alarm signal from one or more of the condition responsive sensors. If a second alarm signal occurs within a predetermined period of time after the first alarm signal, a second alarm device is actuated. The timer is reset if the second alarm signal does not occur within the predetermined time period. False alarm signals are minimized by inhibiting the second alarm portion of the timer for a short interval after the first alarm signal and at the end of each full timing cycle. The alarm system employs full solid-state circuitry and has a standby DC power capability.

Description

v United States Patent v I 1 3,599,195
{72] Inventor GeorgeBoyko 1 3,270,292 8/1966 Harwood 334/45X Framingliam, Mass. 3,380,044 4/1968 Mordwinkin 340/258 X {21] Appl. No, 733,671 3,440,650 4/1969 Kimball 1 l 340/258 X 1221 Filed May 31, 1968 3,447,145 5/1969 Schumann 4 340/213 1 v {451 Patented Aug. 10, 1971 3 l Assignee Pinkertons Incorporated New York, N.Y.
Primarv Examiner-Jdhn W. Caldwell Assistant Examiner-Perry Palan Allomey-Russell, Chittick & Pfund [54] DUAL ALARM, COAXIAL LINE RESONATOR,
INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM v 6Chims7 Drawing Fig! ABSTRACT: An alarm system having at least one condition responsive sensor. A plurality of sensors can be employed in [52] US. Cl 340/258, the system to detect such conditions as the presence Of a 334/45' 340/2l3- IMO/3091' 340/309-3 ing intruder within a protected area, heat and/or'smoke, the
[51 1 Int. CL. G015 9/44, movement of windows and doors the presence m absence of Gosh 13/22- 3,60 infrared and/or visible radiation, and any other condition that [50] Field of Search 340/258, can be monitored by sensing means The System preferably 258 A,258C. 213. 213.1,261, 309.1, 309. cludes a logic Circuit that is programmed to respond to the 343/8; 334/45 output signals from one or more preselected sensors At least i one timer is used to actuate a first alarm device in response to [56.] Rehmm cited a first alarm signal from one or more of the condition respon- UNITED STATES PATENTS sive sensors. If a second alarm signal'occurs within a predeter- 2,623,933 12/1952 Allstadt, Jr. 340/309.3X mined period of time after the first alarm signal, a second 3,261,009 7/ 1966 Stetten et a1. 340/261 alarm device is actuated. The timer is reset if the second alarm 3,484,769 12/1969 Ebnermr 340/3093 X signal does not occur within the predetermined time period. 3,508,242 4/1970 Kamberget a1... IMO/309.1 False alarm signals are minimized by inhibiting the-second 2,859,434 11/1958 Auer,Jr. et a1. .1 343/8 alarm portion of the timer for a short interval after the first 3,158,850 11/1964 Pozranski 340/261 X, alarm signal and at the end of each full timing cycle. The
3,210,752 10/1965 Bojko...
.. 340/258 alarm system employs full solid-state circuitry and has a stand- 3,234,534 2/1966 Todman 340/213 by DC power capability.
12 2 C 18 r 30 I 2 2 lO 56 I ALARM OOAXIAL r so LINE --DETECTU?-'AMP TIMER l RESON .,l2' ALARM l lf Y r r 42 24 I 1 I4 a 1 H 34 l 36 l I: LOGIC i l I *T I I 157 ALARM 44 I TIMER l HEAT/SMOKE 1 r 38 SENSOR 1 2"ALARM I INHIBIT CONDITION 4o RESPONSNE 48 sens R POWER SUPPLY LINE BATTERY PATENTED AUG] 0 I97! SHEET 1 [IF 5 INVENTOR.
GEORGE BOY K O PATENTED AUG 1 0 971 N7 FIG. 2
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INVENTOR.
GEORGE BOYKO DUALALARM, COAXIALL INE RESONATOR, INTRUSION DETECTIONSY STEM CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to alarm systems in general and, more particularly, to avcontinuous'wave, electromagnetic moving object detection system which--senses1changcs in the impedance of the system santenna circuit produced by an object movingsthrough the'protection area. Provision is made in the system for utilizing the timingand alarm .circuits on a shared basis with other condition nresponsiver sensors to broaden the type of protection:coveragerprovided by the alarm system.
Moving object detection systems of the :general typeare familiar to those skilled inuthev'detection art. Representative examples of such systems include Chapin, .U.S. Reissue Pat. No. 25,100 and Bojko, US. Pat. 1 Nos. 3,210,752 and 3,237,191. A number of theprior art systems-employed one or more remote. antennas that were-driven by a corresponding number of oscillators located ina'centralacontrol station; In some instances, a single oscillator-was used-to drive apair of antennas. However, in eachinstance thezelectrical connections between the remote antennas and-the. central station oscillators were made by coaxial' cable. This wiring arrangement presented a number of problemsincluding, 'signal' attenuation along the coaxial cables,false" alarms'produced by motion of the. cable, highacable'and installation costs,-and maintenance of the cable and connectors.
In the above-mentioned copending.rapplicationspthere is described a continuous waveoscillator-coaxial line resonatordetector circuit and assembly for electromagnetic movingobject detection systems. The use of a high Q, "coaxial'line resonator provides. increased sensitivity at reduced power levels, effectively isolates the oscillator circuit from impedance'changes in the antennaxcircuit.andxreduces interferences fromspurious transmissions.Detection of changes in theantenna. circuitimpedance is. performed, inrone embodi ment, by a crystalrectifier connected tox the:center conductor of the coaxial line-resonator. One-oftheadvantages ofthiscircuit is that the electrical componentsfor.signal rgen'eration, transmission, reception anddetectionv compriseasingle: physical entity or.unit. If the motion sensingzunit iszplaced at a remote location, ordinary wiring cannbeused-for'the'power supply andthe alarm signalcircuitsbetweenthe:remote unit and the central controllstation.
The protection of large-areas against movinglintrudcrs-normally requires a plurality of remote :sensingunitseach connected to a central-control station.- .It is desirable in:large:area
protection systems tovhavezone coverageand zoneidentification of the-motionalarm signals. In addition, identification of and discrimination againstfalse alarmsashould be provided by a system of plural, sequential alarms.
Accordingly, it is ageneral object of the present invention to provide an alarm system having at least one remote motion sensing unit anda central control station.
It is aspecificobject of the invention to-provide an alarm system having acentral control station and at least one remote motion v:sensor comprising a continuousv wave" oscillator, a coaxial lineresonator, azradiatonand adetector.
It is a feature of the inventionthatordinarywiring-canbe employed for. the .powersupply zandialarm' signal circuits between the control station and each remotesensor.
It is another feature of theinvention that amplification of the detected motion signal can beperformed at each remote sensor. 7
It is: another object of the invention to provide a timed, sequential dual alarm. It is a feature of the dual alarm circuit that the circuit is blocked for a predetermined period of time after the first alarm signal and atth'e end of each full alarm cycle.
It is still another object of the invention to provide an alarm system that will accommodate alarm signals from other condition responsive sensors.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a plural sensor moving object detection system that provides zone coverage and zone alarm identification.
Theseobjects'and'other objects and features of the present invention will best be understood from a detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof, selected for purposes of illustration, and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the alarm systemshowing the major components thereof;
. gates;
FIG. 5 is a schematicdiagram of the sequential, dual alarm timer;
FIG. 6 is a block'diagram of one configuration of the logic circuit with a plurality of remote motion-sensors; and,
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the line-battery power supply for thealarm system.
Turning now to the drawings, and'particularly to FIG. 1
- 1 thereof, there is shown in block diagram form an alarm system constructed in accordance with the present invention and in dicated generally by the reference numeral 10. The alarm system has atleast one electromagnetic moving object detector or sensor 12 comprising a radio frequencyoscillator 14, a coaxial line resonator 16, an antenna 18 and a detector 20 for sensingchanges in-the antenna circuit impedance produced by objects moving 'withinthe-radiated field pattern in the protect'ed area.
The motion or alarm"-signal is amplified by amplifier 22 andthe amplified signal is then fed either to a logic circuit'24 predeterminedlength. If a second motion or alarm signal is produced by-motion sensor '12 within thetiming period, the timer 'actuatesasecond 'alarm' 32. However, if a second alarm -asignal=doesnot occur-within the predetermined period, the
"timer is reset. An inhibit circuit'34 is provided toblock the rtimer'from any alarm signal for a short period after receipt of thefirstalarmsignal and-again at the end of thetiming cycle. The .latter inhibiting oftimer-26'eliminates the problem of ride'through attheend ofthe timing cycle. Corresponding first and secondalarms 36 and 38, respectively, and an inhibit :circu'it'40 are connected to timer 28.
If more thanone remote movingobjectsensor 12 is used in the-alarmsystem, theoutput alarm" signals from the sensors are fed to the logic circuit 24=for processing to one or more of "the tim'ers. The additional remote sensors and signal amplifiers arerepresented as a group 42 by the dashed block in FIG. 1.
The alarm-system l0 can accommodate a variety of satellite rsensorsto provide coverage of other conditions besides the presence of a moving intruder within the protected area. For
.instance,"a heatand/or smoke sensor 44 can be positioned at a 'criticallocation with the output from the sensor being directly fed toon'e of the timers'26 and 28 or alternatively to thelogic circuit 24. Thelatter configuration provides greater interconnection.fiexibility together with area identification. Additional condition responsivesensors or switches, replesentationally indicated by block 46 can be wired into the alarm system to share'the logic, timer and alarm circuits.
ELECTROMAGNETIC MOTION SENSOR The motion sensor portion of the alarm system is shown in schematic fonn in FIG. 2. The tunable RF oscillator 14 employs a single, grounded base NPN transistor 50 to generate the continuous, sinusoidal waves that excite a coaxial line resonator 52. A typical operating frequency for oscillator 20 is 400 megahertz. However, other frequencies, generally in the UHF range, can be used for electromagnetic motion detectors. RF ground for the base of transistor 50 is established by a capacitor 54 that shunts base resistor 56. The base resistor 56, together with resistor 58 forms a bias voltage divider from B regulated to ground. Emitter resistor 60 provides a DC feedback path for oscillator stabilization while RF feedback is prevented by a shunt capacitor 62 which places a RF ground at the bottom of radio frequency choke 64. Coupling of the generated radio frequency energy to the power supply (not shown) is prevented by a second radio frequency choke 66 in the collector circuit.
The required inphase RF feedback to sustain oscillation is provided by the collector-base and emitter-base capacitances. The frequency determining components of the oscillator comprise inductor 68, variable capacitor 70 and a portion of the coaxial line'center conductor 72. The oscillator frequency is tuned by varying the series capacitance of the frequency determining circuit. This is accomplished by adjusting the variable capacitor 70.
The oscillator circuit 14 is shielded by an electromagnetic shield shown by the dashed lines in FIG. 2 and identified by the reference numeral 74. Preferably, the oscillator circuit and coaxial line resonator 52 are constructed on a common chassis so that a portion of the oscillator shield 74 is common to the coaxial line resonator outer conductor 76. However, if the oscillator circuit and the coaxial line resonator are physically separated, a current return path must be provided as shown by line 78.
Coaxial line resonators of the type illustrated in FIG. 2 are now generally classified as cavity" resonators. Henney, Radio Engineering Handbook, 5th Edition, page 646. Conceptually, the coaxial line resonator 16 can be regarded as a coaxial transmission line short-circuited at one end and open at the other end. Terrnan, Electronic and Radio Engineering, 4th Edi tion, pages 159-161. In the present embodiment, the coaxial line resonator is capacitively loaded and tuned by a variable capacitor 80 located at the open end of the line. This location provides the greatest tuning effect per unit of capacitance. However, other tuning methods, including varying the physical dimensions of the cavity, can be employed to peak the coaxial line resonator.
Physically, the coaxial line resonator or cavity can have a true coaxial construction, i.e., inner and outer cylindrical conductors with a common axis, or a hybrid configuration. One possible hybrid configuration is the so-called trough line" that has a center conductor positioned within a rectangular,
prism cavity. The same circuit concepts and tuning techniques are applicable to both the cylindrical and rectangular configurations. However, from the standpoint of mechanical fabrication, production line assembly, and component mounting, the rectilinear configuration is preferable. Construction details of the rectilinear coaxial line" resonator are illustrated in my above-mentioned copending application for Plural Chambered, Oscillator-Coaxial Line Resonator-Detector Assembly for Moving Object Detection Systems.
The term coaxial line" has been selected to describe the resonator 52 because it connotes a centrally disposed conductor surrounded by one or more conducting surfaces. This is true even though the conducting surfaces may define a rectangular cavity rather than a cylindrical cavity. Therefore, as used herein, the term coaxial line resonator shall mean a resonant cavity having a centrally disposed conductor short-circuited at one end to the conducting surface or surfaces which form the cavity and open at the other end.
The coaxial line resonator 52 has a high Figure of Merit (O) which allows the oscillator 14 to be very loosely coupled to the resonator. Coupling of the oscillator to the resonator is controlled by the position of the oscillator tap point 82 along the center conductor 72 of the resonator. The coupling should be as loose as possible within the limits imposed by the desired detection range. The loose coupling of the oscillator to the high Q coaxial line resonator circuit effectively isolates the oscillator from motion produced impedance changes in the antenna circuit thereby maintaining the frequency stability of the oscillator.
The coaxial line resonator 52 is constructed with the center conductor 72 having a physical length that is less than onefourth A at the operating frequency. The electrical leng th of the line is adjusted by varying capacitor 80. The output n' in' the coaxial line resonator is capacitively coupled through; capacitor 84 to radiator 18. The radiator, which hasa length between one-fourth )t andone-half A, is voltage fed to achieve maximum detection sensitivity. It can be seen from FIG. 2,
that the output from the coaxial line resonator is taken at a point 86 which is very close to the point of maximum voltage v on the center conductor 72.
Changes in the impedance of the antenna circuit produced by motion of an object within the radiated field pattern of the alarm system are sensed by a rectifier 88. The rectifier is connected to the centerline 72 of the coaxial line resonator at a point 90 located slightly below the output tap 86 for the antenna. The connection point for the rectifier is a compromise between achieving maximum voltage output and minimum effect upon the Q of the coaxial line resonator. A load for the rectifier 88 is provided by resistor 92.
It will be appreciated that in the absence of a moving object, a steady state DC level will be established at the junction of the rectifier 88, load resistor 92 and coupling capacitor 94. When an object moves within the radiated field pattern, the reflected and transmitted energy combine in the antenna circuit to produce a new voltage-current ratio or impedance. Fluctuations in amplitude and phase of the combined signals occur as the object moves through the radiated field pattern. These fluctuations produce an alternating current at the output of the rectifier which rides on the steady state DC voltage. The alternating current or alarm signal" is coupled through capacitor 94 to amplifier 22.
AMPLIFIER Referring to FIG. 3, the alarm system employs a high gain, low frequency amplifier 22 to boost the detected motion signal to a level that is sufficient for processing in the logic circuit 24 and subsequent actuation of timers 26 and 28. The amplifier is designed to have a gain of unity at DC and a gain of 2500 at 1.0 hertz with a bandwidth of 0.5 hertz to 3.0 hertz (3 db. points).
The circuitry of amplifier 22 is relatively straight-forward and need not be explained in detail in order to understand the alarm system of the present invention. A high impedance, input stage is provided by a field effect transistor (FET) 96 connected as a source follower to the first stage of a two stage, directcoupled amplifier comprising transistors 98 and 100. The FET input stage allows the use of a much smaller value of capacitance for the coupling capacitor 94. In view of the low frequency bandwidth of the amplifier, this feature is important in terms of the physical size of the coupling capacitor.
Amplification of the detected motion signal is performed by the two stage amplifier circuit of transistors 98 and 100. The bandwidth of the total circuit, i.e., FET 96 and transistors 98 and 100, is determined at the high end by capacitor 102 in the Gate circuit of FET 94 and by a collector-to-base feedback capacitor 104 for transistor 100. The value of the feedback capacitor is selected to provide high frequency clipping over 30.0 hertz and at 35.0 hertz, the gain of the amplifier is unity. The low end of the amplifier bandwidth is controlled by the first stage emitter resistor and capacitor 106 and 108, respec tively, and by the corresponding resistor 110 and capacitor 112 in the emitter circuit of the second stage transistor 100.
Two operating controls are provided in amplifier 22: a Linearity control 1 l4 and a Range control 116. Normally, the Linearity control is a factory adjustment that is made to increase or decrease the current flow through the first stage transistor 98 to match the individual characteristics of the input stage field effect transistor 96. The Range control 116 adjusts the gain of amplifier 22 by increasing or. decreasing the amount of unbypassed feedback resistance in the emitter circuit of transistor 100. The maximum gain andtherefore the maximum range for the motion sensor 12 is obtained when the Range control is set for minimum resistance.
LOGIC GATE The logic circuit 24 shown in block diagram in FIG. 1 comprises one or more logic gates 118 depicted in schematic diagram in FIG. 4. The output from amplifier22 is capacitively coupled through capacitor 120 to the base of a normally cutoff transistor 122. The presence of the amplified motion signal at the base of transistor 122, biases the transistor into conduction causing a positive going pulse to be applied to the input of timer 26.
For the present, it is sufficient to note that in a plural sensor system, each remote motion sensor 12 has its own. amplifier 22 and logic gate 120 and that two or more of the gates can be prewired with their collectors in parallel to form anOR input circuit for one of the timers. In each case, the prewired parallel gates use a common collector load resistor 124 which is shown in the timer input circuit in FIG. 5.
TIMER The basic function of the electronic timer 26 is to provide sequential, dual alarm signals to the first and second alarm means 30 and 32, respectively. In order to minimize the possibility of false alarms produced by switching transients and other nonalarm signals, the first alarm control circuitry of the timer is gated for a short period after the first alarm and at the end ofeach full timing cycle.
The specific circuitry which performs these functions is illustrated in the schematic diagram of FIG. 5. The timer 26 comprises two bistable devices, such as, flip-flops (FF) 126 and 128, two alarm relays 130 and 132 and the associated trigger and gating circuits which will be described below in detail. The energization state of the first alarm relay 130 is controlled by FF 126 while the second alarm relay 132 is energized or deenergized by the action of FF 128. Each flip-flop has two transistors, one normally conducting and the other normally cutoff. For flip-flop 126, transistor 126a is normally conducting and transistor l26b is normally cutoff. Similarly, for flip-flop 128, transistor 128a is normally ON while transistor 128b is normally OFF.
The operation of timer 26 can best be understood by examining the sequence of events produced by the presence of a moving object within the radiated field pattern of the motion sensor 12. The motion of the object through the protected area causes changes in the antenna circuit impedance which generate an AC motion signal at the output of rectifier 88 (FIG. 2). The alternating current motion signal is capacitively coupled to and amplified by the low frequency, high gain amplifier 22. After amplification, the motion signal is capacitively coupled to the base of the normally cutoff logic gate transistor 122. The motion signal forces transistor 122 into conduction causing a positive going pulse to be applied through crystal diode 134 to the base of the normally OFF Transistor l26b turns ON thereby turning OFF the normally conducting transistor 126a. When transistor 126a stops conducting the first alarm relay deenergizes and actuates the first alarm 30. Various wiring options are available for the first alarm 30 because the first alarm relay 130 has both normally closed and normally open contacts, 130a130b and 130a- 1300, respectively. As shown in FIG. 5, the relay is normally energized and it is assumed that the first alarm 30 is actuated by the closure of the normally open contacts l30a--130c upon deenergization of the relay.
When the normally conducting transistor 126a stops conducting, the power supply voltage appears at the collector of through isolating crystal diode 144 to the base of the normally cutoff flip-flop transistor 128b causing the transistor to begin conducting. With transistor 128b conducting, transistor 128a is cutofi by the well-known flip-flop action. When transistor 128a stops conducting, the second alarmrelay 132 drops out causing relay transfer contact 132a to move from the normally closed contact 132b to the normally open contact 1320.
The second alarm 32 is wired in parallel with the first alarm for closed circuit standby condition and in series for open circuit standby condition. At the very instant that the second alarm relay 132 deenergizes, the conditions for a second alarm are fulfilled. However, this condition is only momentary because. of the action of the gating circuit which will be described below. A suitable delay circuit can be inserted in the second alarm circuit to completely eliminate even a momentary second alarm.
When relay 132 deenergizes, relay transfer contact 132d moves from fixed contact l32e to fixed contact 132]. This action puts B voltage on one side of capacitor 146 causing the capacitor to charge through resistor 148. The positive voltage at the top of resistor 148 biases a normally cutoff field effect transistor (FET) 150 into conduction which in turn causes transistor 152 to conduct.
With transistor 152 conducting, the base of FF transistor 1260 is biased almost to the supply voltage because of the relative resistances of resistor 154 and the series circuit of resistances 156 and 158. The resistor 154 has a very low value compared to the series resistance of resistors 156 and 158. For instance, a resistance ratio of approximately 1:50 is suitable to 'causehard conduction of FF transistor 1260. This condition will .last for one to two seconds while the FET 150 is biased into conduction by the voltage developed by the charging current of capacitor 146. During this period, the first alarm flipflop 126 is gated against any input signal because even a positive alarm signal would not be sufficient to turn off the hard conducting FF transistor 126a. At the end of the 1-2 second period, FET 150 and transistor 152 stop conducting and FF transistor 126a returns to its normal conducting bias condition.
It should be noted that when FF transistor 126a was triggered into conduction by the FET 150-transistor 1S2 gating circuit, the first alarm relay 130 was also re-energized. The alarm relay will remain energized until the next alarm signal causes FF transistor 126a to stop conducting.
To recapitulate, at this point in the timer sequence, the first alarm relay is energized and the second alarm relay is deenergized. If another alarm signal is received within a predetermined time period, FF 126 is triggered causing relay 130 to drop out. Since the second alarm relay is already deenergized, the conditions are fulfilled for a second alarm and the second alarm 32 is actuated.
The predetermined time period within which the second alarm signal must occur is established by a trigger circuit comprising unijunction transistor (UJT) 160, capacitor 162 and resistor 164. When the second alarm relay 132 deenergizes, capacitor 162 starts to charge through the path established by resistor 164 and contacts 132d and 132f of the second alarm relay. The RC time constant is selected so that the firing voltage for UJT 160 is reached approximately one minute after the second alarm relay was deenergized. Firing of the UJT trigger 160 puts a positive pulse through isolating crystal diode 166 on the base of FF transistor 128a causing the transistor to start conducting again.
The second alarm relay 132 is again energized and the short circuit across capacitor 168 is removed by the transfer of relay contact 132d from contact 132f to contact 132e. Capacitor 168 functions in the same manner as capacitor 146 by charging through FET gate resistor 148. Both the FET and transistor 142 are turned on causing FF transistor 126a to conduct hard for another l2 second period. The gating of the first alarm flip-flop at the end of each full timing cycle is done to prevent any possibility of timer ride through" caused by switching transients.
A conventional tamper switch 170 is provided for the alarm system to give a warning of any physical disturbance to the system. Opening of the normally closed tamper switch 170 breaks the emitter circuit for FF transistor 126a causing relay 130 to drop out which in turn actuates the first alarm 30.
A key switch 172 is also provided in the alarm system to prevent alarms during normal business hours or at any other time selected by the user. The key switch 172 is normally closed in the ALARM condition. When the switch is opened for STANDBY operation, resistor 174 is added to the gate circuit of FET 150 and, together with resistor 176, forms a voltage divider from B to ground. FET 150 is biased ON by the voltage divider and remains conducting as long as the key switch is open. Since FET 150 is conducting, transistor 152 will also be conducting with the result that FF transistor 126a will conduct hard until the key switch is closed. In this condition, it is impossible to turn OFF FF transistor 126a with any alarm signal that is applied to the base of FF transistor l26b.
LOGIC CIRCUIT In an alarm system having a plurality of remote motion sensors 12, and a corresponding plurality of amplifiers 22, a variety of interconnection configurations can be employed to provide the desired degree of zone coverage and zone identification of alarm signals. Given an eight sensor system, the interconnection arrangements can vary from eight sensors driving eight amplifiers and eight gates 118 that are logical OR connected, or at the opposite pole, each sensor-amplifier can have its own separate timer. It will be appreciated that the alarm system of the present invention is not limited to any specific interconnection configuration and that in the simplest form, the system can comprise a single motion sensor driving an amplifier which in turn is connected to a single, sequential dual alarm timer that actuatcs the first and second alarms.
One representative example of an eight sensor interconnection arrangement is illustrated in block diagram in FIG. 6. Of the eight motion sensors, four sensors 120 through 12d are connected through their corresponding amplifiers 22 and gates 118 to a single timer 26 a-d so that a motion signal from i any one of the four sensors will actuate the timer. The logical OR function is performed by prewiring the output collector circuits of the gates in parallel to a common load resistor, such as, resistor 124 shown in the timer diagram of FIG. 5. Two of the remaining sensors, 122 and 12f, are prewired in an OR configuration to another timer 26ef. The last two sensors, 12g and 12h each have their own individual timers, 26g and 26h, respectively.
Other configurations can be employed to meet the particular characteristics of the protection environment. It has been found that a Four-Two-Two sensor configuration with three timers is practical and has a good degree of flexibility.
The separate sensor-timer arrangements are useful when specific zone coverage and zone identification are required. For instance, the four OR wired motion sensors 121: through 12d could be used for perimeter zone protection while the single separate sensors could be used in one or more areas requiring maximum security.
POWER SUPPLY The basic line-battery operated power supply 48 has two stages of voltage regulation as shown in FIG. 7. A third stage of voltage regulations is provided for the RF oscillator 14 to compensate for voltage drops in the wiring between the central station power supply and the remotely located motion sensor oscillator. The circuitry for the third stage regulator is shown in the amplifier schematic of FIG. 3 and will be discussed later on.
Referring now to FIG. 7, the power supply 48 comprises: a standby, rechargable battery 178; a line operated, full wave rectifier 180; a first stage series voltage regulator 182; a battery charger and control circuit 184; a second stage series voltage regulator 186; and, a zener referenced, four stage DC amplifier control circuit 188 for the second stage regulator 186.
In normal operation, the alarm system circuits are powered by the rectified line current. Battery 178 is provided for standby DC power in the event of power line failures. The battery is maintained in a charged condition by battery charger'184 that utilizes a control transistor 190 to vary the base current of the series regulator 182. A voltage reference for the control transistor 190 is established by a single field effect transistor (FET) 192. Another field effect transistor 194, connected as a source follower, is interposed between the voltage reference transistor 192 and the control transistor 190 to act as a buffer.
Short circuit protection for battery 178 is provided by a circuit breaker 196. Protection for the line operated supply is ob tained by cutting off both the series regulator 182 and the control transistor 190 whenever the current drain exceeds a predetermined amount. The series regulator 182 is cutoff by diode 198 when the voltage drops across resistor 200 and the base-emitter junction of regulator 182 exceeds the forward voltage required to overcome the junction potential barrier of the diode. A similar action occurs in the control transistor 190 with respect to resistor 199 and the series diodes 201.
The second stage, series voltage regulator 186 is controlled by the four stage DC amplifier 188 that is referenced to Zener diode 202. If the motion sensor RF oscillators were located at the central station two stages of power supply regulation would normally be sufficient. However, the oscillators are usually located at a distance of up to 300 feet from the central station. At such distances the voltage drops in the connecting wire must be compensated for by an additional stage of voltage regulation at the oscillator itself.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the amplifier and RF oscillator are housed in the same unit so that load length between the amplifier assembly and the oscillator can be considered negligible from the standpoint of a voltage drop. Looking at the amplifier assembly schematic shown in FIG. 3, it can be seen that the output from the second stage power supply regulator is applied to a third stage regulator, indicated generally by the reference numeral 204. The third stage regulator comprises a series transistor regulator 206 and a central transistor 208 that is referenced to Zener diode 210. The regulated output from transistor 206 is used to power both the RF oscillator 14 and the amplifier 22.
Having described in detail the preferred embodiments of the alarm system, it will now be apparent to those in the art that numerous modifications can be made thereto without departing from the scope of the present invention.
What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. A condition responsive alarm system comprising:
at least one electromagnetic motion sensor comprising:
a radiator and a coaxial line resonator coupled to said radiator, said resonator and radiator defining an antenna circuit with said radiator and coaxial line resonator both being used during transmission and reception,
means for tuning said resonator,
a continuous wave signal generator loosely coupled to said resonator, and a means for producing an output signal in response to a change in impedance of said antenna circuit; and
sequential, dual alarm timer means responsive to said output signal for producing first and second alarm signals.
2. A condition responsive alarm system comprising:
at least one electromagnetic motion sensor comprising:
a radiator and a coaxial line resonator coupled to said radiator, said resonator and radiator defining an antenna circuit with said radiator and coaxial line resonator both being used during transmission and reception;
means for tuning said resonator;
a continuous wave signal generator loosely coupled to said resonator, and
means for producing an output signal in response to a change in impedance of said antenna circuit; and,
sequential, dual alarm timer means responsive to said output signal for producing first and second alarm signals, said alarm timer means including: means for inhibiting said alarm timer means for a first predetermined period after the first occurrence of said output signal and for a second predetermined period after the end of the timing cycle of said alarm timer means.
3. The alarm system of claim 2 further characterized by first and second alarm means responsive to said first and second alarm signals, respectively.
4 The alarm system of claim 2 further characterized by a plurality of motion sensors and logical OR circuit means for connecting the output signal producing means of said sensors to said timer.
5. The alarm system of claim 2 further characterized by a second plurality of motion sensors and second logical OR circuit means for connecting the output signal producing means of said second plurality of sensors to a second sequential, dual alarm timer means.
6. A condition responsive alarm system comprising:
at least one electromagnetic motion sensor comprising:
a radiator and a coaxial line resonator coupled to said radiator, said resonator and radiator defining an antenna circuit with said radiator and coaxial line resonator both being used during transmission and reception,
means for tuning said resonator,
a continuous wave signal generator loosely coupled to said resonator, and
means for producing an output signal in response to a change in impedance of said antenna circuit; and,
sequential, dual alarm timer means responsive to said output signal for producing first and second alarm signals, said alarm timer means comprising:
a first bistable device having a NORMAL state and an ALARM state, said device being changed to the ALARM state in response to the output signal from said motion sensor;
a second bistable device having a NORMAL state and an ALARM state;
delayed trigger means responsive to the ALARM state of said first device for producing a trigger signal to change said second device to the ALARM state;
means operable by the ALARM state of said second device for resetting said first device to its NORMAL state, said means being operable for a predetermined period of time during which said first device is prevented from changing to the ALARM state;
means for resetting said second device to the NOR- MAL state if said first device has not changed again to its ALARM state within a redetermined period of time; and, means operable By the resetting of said second device for preventing said first device from changing to the ALARM state for a predetermined period of time after the resetting of said second device.

Claims (6)

1. A condition responsive alarm system comprising: at least one electromagnetic motion sensor comprising: a radiator and a coaxial line resonator coupled to said radiator, said resonator and radiator defining an antenna circuit with said radiator and coaxial line resonator both being used during tRansmission and reception, means for tuning said resonator, a continuous wave signal generator loosely coupled to said resonator, and means for producing an output signal in response to a change in impedance of said antenna circuit; and sequential, dual alarm timer means responsive to said output signal for producing first and second alarm signals.
2. A condition responsive alarm system comprising: at least one electromagnetic motion sensor comprising: a radiator and a coaxial line resonator coupled to said radiator, said resonator and radiator defining an antenna circuit with said radiator and coaxial line resonator both being used during transmission and reception; means for tuning said resonator; a continuous wave signal generator loosely coupled to said resonator, and means for producing an output signal in response to a change in impedance of said antenna circuit; and, sequential, dual alarm timer means responsive to said output signal for producing first and second alarm signals, said alarm timer means including: means for inhibiting said alarm timer means for a first predetermined period after the first occurrence of said output signal and for a second predetermined period after the end of the timing cycle of said alarm timer means.
3. The alarm system of claim 2 further characterized by first and second alarm means responsive to said first and second alarm signals, respectively.
4. The alarm system of claim 2 further characterized by a plurality of motion sensors and logical OR circuit means for connecting the output signal producing means of said sensors to said timer.
5. The alarm system of claim 2 further characterized by a second plurality of motion sensors and second logical OR circuit means for connecting the output signal producing means of said second plurality of sensors to a second sequential, dual alarm timer means.
6. A condition responsive alarm system comprising: at least one electromagnetic motion sensor comprising: a radiator and a coaxial line resonator coupled to said radiator, said resonator and radiator defining an antenna circuit with said radiator and coaxial line resonator both being used during transmission and reception, means for tuning said resonator, a continuous wave signal generator loosely coupled to said resonator, and means for producing an output signal in response to a change in impedance of said antenna circuit; and, sequential, dual alarm timer means responsive to said output signal for producing first and second alarm signals, said alarm timer means comprising: a first bistable device having a NORMAL state and an ALARM state, said device being changed to the ALARM state in response to the output signal from said motion sensor; a second bistable device having a NORMAL state and an ALARM state; delayed trigger means responsive to the ALARM state of said first device for producing a trigger signal to change said second device to the ALARM state; means operable by the ALARM state of said second device for resetting said first device to its NORMAL state, said means being operable for a predetermined period of time during which said first device is prevented from changing to the ALARM state; means for resetting said second device to the NORMAL state if said first device has not changed again to its ALARM state within a predetermined period of time; and, means operable by the resetting of said second device for preventing said first device from changing to the ALARM state for a predetermined period of time after the resetting of said second device.
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US3852718A (en) * 1973-10-25 1974-12-03 Dutton H Apparatus for interpreting numerically coded pulse groupings in a line
US3855574A (en) * 1973-06-25 1974-12-17 Vox Ind Inc Voice operated alarm system
US4195286A (en) * 1978-01-06 1980-03-25 American District Telegraph Company Alarm system having improved false alarm rate and detection reliability
US4237452A (en) * 1979-01-04 1980-12-02 Malinowski William J Smoke detection system and method
US4237453A (en) * 1979-03-23 1980-12-02 Malinowski William J Smoke detection system and method
US4246576A (en) * 1979-04-26 1981-01-20 Krebs Engineers Cyclone monitoring apparatus and method
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US4288791A (en) * 1980-02-11 1981-09-08 Malinowski William J Smoke detector and method
US4356476A (en) * 1980-09-15 1982-10-26 W. E. Healey & Associates, Inc. Multiple alarm detector monitoring and command system
US4390869A (en) * 1978-07-17 1983-06-28 Cerberus Ag Gas sensing signaling system
EP0141987A2 (en) * 1983-10-17 1985-05-22 Cerberus Ag Alarm signalling method and application device therefor
EP0149097A2 (en) * 1983-12-22 1985-07-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and arrangement for the failsafe alarm evaluation of a signal line of a hazard signal arrangement
US4611197A (en) * 1985-02-19 1986-09-09 Sansky Michael J Malfunction-detecting status monitoring system
US4642612A (en) * 1984-06-18 1987-02-10 Crump Herschel W Intruder detection and deterrent system
FR2589609A1 (en) * 1985-10-31 1987-05-07 Frere Emmanuel Alarm device, especially for premises surveillance
FR2618931A1 (en) * 1987-07-28 1989-02-03 Morey Gilles METHOD OF OPERATING A MONITORING INSTALLATION
US5117223A (en) * 1989-02-17 1992-05-26 Harry Tanner Combination portable alarm system and storage container for parts thereof
US6204772B1 (en) 1999-12-16 2001-03-20 Caterpillar Inc. Method and apparatus for monitoring the position of a machine
US20040169585A1 (en) * 2001-04-26 2004-09-02 Tim Simon, Inc. Method and apparatus for pest deterrence
WO2005114607A1 (en) * 2004-04-27 2005-12-01 Phillips, Terri, L. Clock and ambient air condition sensing apparatus
US9934672B2 (en) * 2015-09-24 2018-04-03 Honeywell International Inc. Systems and methods of conserving battery life in ambient condition detectors

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US2859434A (en) * 1955-11-08 1958-11-04 Gen Railway Signal Co Speed measuring apparatus for railroad classification yards
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Cited By (28)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3761912A (en) * 1971-05-20 1973-09-25 Novar Electronics Corp Burglar deterrent timing switch
FR2195811A1 (en) * 1972-08-07 1974-03-08 Shigeo Matsuda
US3855574A (en) * 1973-06-25 1974-12-17 Vox Ind Inc Voice operated alarm system
US3852718A (en) * 1973-10-25 1974-12-03 Dutton H Apparatus for interpreting numerically coded pulse groupings in a line
US4195286A (en) * 1978-01-06 1980-03-25 American District Telegraph Company Alarm system having improved false alarm rate and detection reliability
US4274156A (en) * 1978-01-18 1981-06-16 Bird Electronic Corporation Monitor for RF transmitter
US4390869A (en) * 1978-07-17 1983-06-28 Cerberus Ag Gas sensing signaling system
US4237452A (en) * 1979-01-04 1980-12-02 Malinowski William J Smoke detection system and method
US4237453A (en) * 1979-03-23 1980-12-02 Malinowski William J Smoke detection system and method
US4246576A (en) * 1979-04-26 1981-01-20 Krebs Engineers Cyclone monitoring apparatus and method
US4288791A (en) * 1980-02-11 1981-09-08 Malinowski William J Smoke detector and method
US4356476A (en) * 1980-09-15 1982-10-26 W. E. Healey & Associates, Inc. Multiple alarm detector monitoring and command system
EP0141987A2 (en) * 1983-10-17 1985-05-22 Cerberus Ag Alarm signalling method and application device therefor
EP0141987A3 (en) * 1983-10-17 1985-07-10 Cerberus Ag Alarm signalling method and application device therefor
US4568924A (en) * 1983-10-17 1986-02-04 Cerberus Ag Method of and apparatus for signalling an alarm
EP0149097A2 (en) * 1983-12-22 1985-07-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and arrangement for the failsafe alarm evaluation of a signal line of a hazard signal arrangement
EP0149097A3 (en) * 1983-12-22 1985-09-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and arrangement for the failsafe alarm evaluation of a signal line of a hazard signal arrangement
US4642612A (en) * 1984-06-18 1987-02-10 Crump Herschel W Intruder detection and deterrent system
US4611197A (en) * 1985-02-19 1986-09-09 Sansky Michael J Malfunction-detecting status monitoring system
FR2589609A1 (en) * 1985-10-31 1987-05-07 Frere Emmanuel Alarm device, especially for premises surveillance
FR2618931A1 (en) * 1987-07-28 1989-02-03 Morey Gilles METHOD OF OPERATING A MONITORING INSTALLATION
EP0306692A1 (en) * 1987-07-28 1989-03-15 Gilles Morey Working method and room monitoring arrangement
US5117223A (en) * 1989-02-17 1992-05-26 Harry Tanner Combination portable alarm system and storage container for parts thereof
US6204772B1 (en) 1999-12-16 2001-03-20 Caterpillar Inc. Method and apparatus for monitoring the position of a machine
US20040169585A1 (en) * 2001-04-26 2004-09-02 Tim Simon, Inc. Method and apparatus for pest deterrence
US6856243B2 (en) * 2001-04-26 2005-02-15 Tim Simon, Inc. Method and apparatus for pest deterrence
WO2005114607A1 (en) * 2004-04-27 2005-12-01 Phillips, Terri, L. Clock and ambient air condition sensing apparatus
US9934672B2 (en) * 2015-09-24 2018-04-03 Honeywell International Inc. Systems and methods of conserving battery life in ambient condition detectors

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