WO1988008445A1 - Graffiti removal composition and method - Google Patents
Graffiti removal composition and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1988008445A1 WO1988008445A1 PCT/US1988/001424 US8801424W WO8808445A1 WO 1988008445 A1 WO1988008445 A1 WO 1988008445A1 US 8801424 W US8801424 W US 8801424W WO 8808445 A1 WO8808445 A1 WO 8808445A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- graffiti
- group
- active agent
- alkyl benzene
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/43—Solvents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D9/00—Chemical paint or ink removers
- C09D9/04—Chemical paint or ink removers with surface-active agents
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to chemical solvent compositions and, more particularly, this invention relates to compositions particularly adapted for the removal of graffiti from surfaces.
- Previous products used for the purpose of removing graffiti from surfaces such as methylene chloride paint and varnish remover, do not remove some types of marks such as those made with permanent markers and shoe dyes or, if they are effective in removing these types of markings, they also tend to remove the upper surface or coating of the substrate material, e.g., paint.
- compositions used to remove graffiti frequently contain materials that are dangerous to man.
- methylene chloride which is both highly chlorinated and volatile, has been commonly used in graffiti removal applications.
- Other prior compositions used for graffiti removing applications utilize strong caustic solutions as the active component. Such caustic solutions are highly corrosive and consequently hazardous to handle.
- a composition useful in the removal of graffiti from a surface comprises a surface active agent and a solvent fraction comprising an effective amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- the surface active agent is useful in promoting wetting and penetration of the undesirably marked and/or painted surface, i.e., a surface with graffiti thereon, by the solvent fraction.
- the invention comprehends a method of graffiti removal.
- a composition comprising a solvent fraction including an effective amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and a surface active agent useful in promoting wetting and penetration of a surface by the solvent fraction is provided.
- the composition is particularly useful in the removal of graffiti from a surface.
- composition and its various derivative embodiments may be used to remove various forms of graffiti such as that generated with paint, permanent markers, inks or shoe dye, for example, from various substrates, including metals such as aluminum or stainless steel, both hard and soft and either coated or uncoated plastics, concrete and polyurethane.
- the surface active agent component of the composition is generally a surfactant such as a cationic, nonionic or anionic surfactant or mixtures thereof.
- a surfactant such as a cationic, nonionic or anionic surfactant or mixtures thereof.
- phosphate ester and sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate are examples of anionic surfactants that have been found useful in the practice of the invention.
- anionic surfactants in acid form such as alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, xylene sulfonic acid and toluene sulfonic acid are, because of their acidic nature, preferred surface active agents. It has been found that the application to
- agent is added in a quantity sufficient to partially neu ⁇ tralize the acid yet leave the composition at least slightly acidic so that an aluminum surface will be brightened by application thereof.
- the solvent fraction of the composition includes N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in an amount effective for graffiti removal applications generally in the range of about 10-90 wt% of the total composition.
- the specific amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone will be dependent on many factors including, material used to make the graffiti, substrate material on which the graffiti was placed, etc., and can be determined empirically by one skilled in the art.
- the solvent fraction of the composition may include other solvents effective in attacking paint, inks and other graffiti materials from surfaces.
- solvents may include mineral spirit, toluene, alcohol (such as isopropyl alcohol or methanol) , turpentine, orange terpene, gly ⁇ ol ethers (such as 2-butoxy ethanol) , fatty acids and chlorinated hydrocarbons, for example.
- alcohol such as isopropyl alcohol or methanol
- turpentine such as isopropyl alcohol or methanol
- gly ⁇ ol ethers such as 2-butoxy ethanol
- the graffiti removal composition may, if desired, include water. Water not only acts as a solvent Not to be taken into consideration for the purposes of international processing under Section 309(c) of the Administrative Instructions.
- alkyl benzene sulfonic acid 1-90 xylene sulfonic acid or toluene sulfonic acid
- alkyl benzene sulfonic acid 4 8 (anionic surfactant)
- the spray application formulation of the composi ⁇ tion may be better suited than the brush application formu ⁇ lation for some applications and vice versa.
- the use of the spray formulation in a sprayer apparatus because of the ease of application, may be the preferred formulation.
- the thicker, gel-like brush formulation may be the preferred formulation because by applying the formulation by brush the area to which it is applied can more easily be specified and controlled.
- the invention also comprehends chemical equivalents to the above-identified components.
- 2-butoxy ethanol, toluene and isopropyl alcohol, 2 ethyl hexanol, furfural which components function mainly as solvents for soft resins or binders, may be substituted for or used in conjunction with othe solvents for soft resins or binders such as glycol ethers, alcohols, fatty acids, oxygenated solvents and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
- compositions of the invention while effective in removing graffiti from numerous different substrate surfaces, wi not in normal use and application, harm or deteriorate the substrate surface.
- inventive compositions may be applied and left on polyurethane surfaces for up to about four hours without noticeably affecting the properties or characteristics of the polyurethane. Consequently, polyurethane can be used in conjunction with the inventive composition to act as a barrier material to further solvating action by the composition.
- Epoxy is another example of a blocking material that can be used in conjunction with the inventive composition to prevent further solvating action thereby.
- the solvent proprotions e.g. ingredients 1-4 identified above be blended together first.
- a thickening agent such as fumed silica, clay or preferably hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose is then added to the mixture in an amount effective to modify the viscosity of the composition so that it will not flow once it has been applied to a surface.
- the addition of hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose in an amount corresponding to about 0.5 wt% of the composition will generally be sufficient to attain a noticeable thicken ⁇ ing of the composition, with a concentration of hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose in excess of about 5 wt% of the composition generally being avoided so as to not result in a composition so viscous that it cannot be easily applied.
- the thickening agent if desired
- the mixture is stirred in a mixer at high speed.
- the remaining materials of the formulation are then added and the stirring rate is reduced to slow or medium speed.
- the subject composition may be applied to various substrates both coated and uncoated plastics, concrete and metals by common application techniques such as brushing, spraying or scrubbing into fiber, such as in the case of removing paint from clothing.
- the inventive composition has been found effective to substantially reduce the amount of time required to effect the removal of graffiti from specific surfaces.
- the inventive composition when used on similar materials having similar types and amounts of graffiti thereon, has been found effective in reducing the total time required to clean the surface by about a factor of four.
- composition can be removed from the surface by any of the techniques known to those skilled in the art.
- the composition may be removed by means of thoroughly rinsing the surface with water. Further, it has been found that it is generally most effective to wash the surface with a high pressure application of water.
- the user avoid prolonged contact of the formulation with his skin, as the formulation may irritate the user's skin and remove body oils therefrom. Also, it is desirable that the user avoid eye contact with the formulation. Thus, it is recommended that the user wear rubber gloves and goggles when using the formulation.
Abstract
A graffiti removing composition and method are disclosed. The composition includes a solvent fraction having an effective amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and a surface active agent useful in promoting wetting and penetration of a graffiti marked surface by the solvent fraction. The invention also comprehends methods of graffiti removal utilizing the composition.
Description
GRAFFITI REMOVAL COMPOSITION AND METHOD
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to chemical solvent compositions and, more particularly, this invention relates to compositions particularly adapted for the removal of graffiti from surfaces.
Description of Related Art
In the modern urban world a highly visible and reoccurring problem is crude drawings or inscriptions marked or painted on walls or other surfaces, usually so as to be seen by the public, i.e., graffiti. The problem of graffiti is especially acute in public areas such as parkways and mass transportation stations.
While efforts have been made to prevent the creation of graffiti, it is desirable from an aesthetic point of view to remove such graffiti once it has been created.
One approach to the problem of graffiti has been to develop and produce graffiti resistant materials. The polyurethane class of polymers has been found to be resis¬ tant to most types of paints, inks, etc. Consequently, polyurethane has grown in favor as a surface coating
material wherein the surface is likely to be subjected to graffiti. Vandals who generate graffiti have, however, sought to circumvent the use of polyurethane as a graffiti resistant material by using shoe dyes to create their graffiti. While polyurethane is generally resistant to paints and inks, it has been found that polyurethane surfaces are susceptible tb shoe dye, with shoe dyes penetrating into the polyurethane surface and leaving their marking thereon.
Previous products used for the purpose of removing graffiti from surfaces, such as methylene chloride paint and varnish remover, do not remove some types of marks such as those made with permanent markers and shoe dyes or, if they are effective in removing these types of markings, they also tend to remove the upper surface or coating of the substrate material, e.g., paint.
Another common problem with previous compositions used to remove graffiti is that they are not easily applied and/or removed from the surface to which they have been applied, such as by rinsing with water. Consequently, extended periods of time are generally required for the application, use and removal of previous graffiti removal formulations.
In addition, previous compositions used to remove graffiti frequently contain materials that are dangerous to man. For example, methylene chloride, which is both highly chlorinated and volatile, has been commonly used in graffiti
removal applications. Other prior compositions used for graffiti removing applications utilize strong caustic solutions as the active component. Such caustic solutions are highly corrosive and consequently hazardous to handle.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to overcome one or more of the problems described above.
According to the invention, a composition useful in the removal of graffiti from a surface comprises a surface active agent and a solvent fraction comprising an effective amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The surface active agent is useful in promoting wetting and penetration of the undesirably marked and/or painted surface, i.e., a surface with graffiti thereon, by the solvent fraction.
In addition, the invention comprehends a method of graffiti removal.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the appended claims.
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According to the invention, in its simplest form, a composition comprising a solvent fraction including an effective amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and a surface active agent useful in promoting wetting and penetration of a surface by the solvent fraction is provided. The composition is particularly useful in the removal of graffiti from a surface.
This composition and its various derivative embodiments may be used to remove various forms of graffiti such as that generated with paint, permanent markers, inks or shoe dye, for example, from various substrates, including metals such as aluminum or stainless steel, both hard and soft and either coated or uncoated plastics, concrete and polyurethane.
The surface active agent component of the composition is generally a surfactant such as a cationic, nonionic or anionic surfactant or mixtures thereof. For example, phosphate ester and sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate are examples of anionic surfactants that have been found useful in the practice of the invention.
However, anionic surfactants in acid form such as alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, xylene sulfonic acid and toluene sulfonic acid are, because of their acidic nature, preferred surface active agents. It has been found that the application to
Not to be taken into consideration for the purposes of international processing under Section 309(c) of the Administrative Instructions.
agent is added in a quantity sufficient to partially neu¬ tralize the acid yet leave the composition at least slightly acidic so that an aluminum surface will be brightened by application thereof.
The solvent fraction of the composition includes N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in an amount effective for graffiti removal applications generally in the range of about 10-90 wt% of the total composition. The specific amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone will be dependent on many factors including, material used to make the graffiti, substrate material on which the graffiti was placed, etc., and can be determined empirically by one skilled in the art.
In addition to an effective amount of N-methyl-2- pyrrolidone, the solvent fraction of the composition may include other solvents effective in attacking paint, inks and other graffiti materials from surfaces. Such solvents may include mineral spirit, toluene, alcohol (such as isopropyl alcohol or methanol) , turpentine, orange terpene, glyσol ethers (such as 2-butoxy ethanol) , fatty acids and chlorinated hydrocarbons, for example. The selection of specific solvents and/or their concentrations can easily be determined by one skilled in the art to meet specific circumstances, such as various substrate surfaces and/or graffiti materials.
In addition, the graffiti removal composition may, if desired, include water. Water not only acts as a solvent
Not to be taken into consideration for the purposes of international processing under Section 309(c) of the Administrative Instructions.
TABLE I
Ingredient Concentration (wt %)
1. mineral spirits 20-70
2. 2-butoxy ethanol 15-25
3. toluene, isopropyl alcohol 0-5 or methanol
4. turpentine or orange terpene 3-15
5. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone 10-99
6. hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose 0-5
7. triethanolamine or 0-5 monoethanolamine
8. alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, 1-90 xylene sulfonic acid or toluene sulfonic acid
9. tall oil fatty acid 0-5 or coconut oil
10. water 0-5
11. nonioniσ surfactant 0-5
In the Table II (below) and according to the invention, preferred graffiti removal compositions particu¬ larly adapted for spray application and brush application, respectively, are identified with the concentration for each component listed in weight percent of the total composition.
TABLE II
Method of Application
Ingredient Spray Brush
1. mineral spirit (solvent) 70 40
2. 2-butoxy ethanol (solvent) 8 15
3. turpentine (solvent) 5 8
4. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (solvent) 12 27
5. hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose 0 1 (thickening agent)
6. triethanolamine (acid neutralizer) 0.3 0.33
7. alkyl benzene sulfonic acid 4 8 (anionic surfactant)
8. sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate 0.4 0.33 (.surfactant)
9. phosphate ester (surfactant) 0.3 0.33
The spray application formulation of the composi¬ tion may be better suited than the brush application formu¬ lation for some applications and vice versa. For example, in seeking to remove graffiti from the exteriors of buses or trains, the use of the spray formulation in a sprayer apparatus, because of the ease of application, may be the preferred formulation. Alternatively, when seeking to remove graffiti from the interior of buses or trains, for example, the thicker, gel-like brush formulation may be the preferred formulation because by applying the formulation by
brush the area to which it is applied can more easily be specified and controlled.
The invention also comprehends chemical equivalents to the above-identified components. For example, 2-butoxy ethanol, toluene and isopropyl alcohol, 2 ethyl hexanol, furfural which components function mainly as solvents for soft resins or binders, may be substituted for or used in conjunction with othe solvents for soft resins or binders such as glycol ethers, alcohols, fatty acids, oxygenated solvents and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
The compositions of the invention while effective in removing graffiti from numerous different substrate surfaces, wi not in normal use and application, harm or deteriorate the substrate surface. For example, the inventive compositions may be applied and left on polyurethane surfaces for up to about four hours without noticeably affecting the properties or characteristics of the polyurethane. Consequently, polyurethane can be used in conjunction with the inventive composition to act as a barrier material to further solvating action by the composition. Epoxy is another example of a blocking material that can be used in conjunction with the inventive composition to prevent further solvating action thereby.
To prepare the above-identified graffiti removal compositions (see Table II), it is preferred that the solvent proprotions, e.g. ingredients 1-4 identified above be
blended together first. For a composition better suited for application by brush, a thickening agent, such as fumed silica, clay or preferably hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose is then added to the mixture in an amount effective to modify the viscosity of the composition so that it will not flow once it has been applied to a surface. For example, the addition of hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose in an amount corresponding to about 0.5 wt% of the composition will generally be sufficient to attain a noticeable thicken¬ ing of the composition, with a concentration of hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose in excess of about 5 wt% of the composition generally being avoided so as to not result in a composition so viscous that it cannot be easily applied. After the addition of the thickening agent (if desired) , the mixture is stirred in a mixer at high speed. The remaining materials of the formulation are then added and the stirring rate is reduced to slow or medium speed.
The subject composition may be applied to various substrates both coated and uncoated plastics, concrete and metals by common application techniques such as brushing, spraying or scrubbing into fiber, such as in the case of removing paint from clothing.
Generally, the inventive composition has been found effective to substantially reduce the amount of time required to effect the removal of graffiti from specific surfaces. For example, when used on similar materials
having similar types and amounts of graffiti thereon, the inventive composition, as compared to standard methylene chloride, for example, has been found effective in reducing the total time required to clean the surface by about a factor of four.
The composition can be removed from the surface by any of the techniques known to those skilled in the art. For example, the composition may be removed by means of thoroughly rinsing the surface with water. Further, it has been found that it is generally most effective to wash the surface with a high pressure application of water.
.In applying and using the above-identified formu¬ lation, it is preferable that the user avoid prolonged contact of the formulation with his skin, as the formulation may irritate the user's skin and remove body oils therefrom. Also, it is desirable that the user avoid eye contact with the formulation. Thus, it is recommended that the user wear rubber gloves and goggles when using the formulation.
The foregoing detailed description is given for clearness of understanding only and, no unnecessary limita¬ tions should be understood therefrom, as modifications within the scope of the invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art.
Claims
1. A composition useful in the removal of graffiti from a surface, said composition comprising a mixture of: a solvent fraction comprising an effective amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and a surface active agent useful in promoting wetting and penetration of said surface by said solvent fraction.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein said surface active agent is selected from the group consisting of cationic, nonionic and anionic surfactants and combina¬ tions thereof.
3. The composition of claim 2 wherein said surface active agent comprises an anionic surfactant.
4. The composition of claim 3 additionally comprising an anti-corrosive agent selected from the group consisting of triethanolamine, monoethanola ine and combi¬ nations thereof.
5. The composition of claim 3 wherein said anionic surfactant comprises alkyl benzene sulfonic acid.
6. The composition of claim 5 wherein said alkyl benzene sulfonic acid comprises at least about 1 wt% of said composition.
7. The composition of claim 3 wherein said anionic surfactant comprises a linear alkyl benzene sul- fonate.
8. The composition of claim 1 additionally comprising a thickening agent in an amount effective to modify the viscosity of said composition so that said composition will not flow once applied to said surface.
9. The composition of claim 8 wherein said thickening agent is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, fumed silica and clay.
10. The composition of claim 1 additionally comprising one or more solvents selected from the group consisting of mineral spirit, toluene, alcohol, turpentine, orange terpene, glycol ethers, fatty acids and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
11. The composition of claim 10 wherein said glycol ether comprises 2-butoxy ethanol.
12. The composition of claim 10 wherein said alcohol is selected from the group consisting of isopropyl alcohol, methanol, 2 ethyl hexanol, furfural or combinations thereof.
13. The composition of claim 1 additionally comprisin water dilutent.
14. A method of graffiti removal, said method comprising the steps of: contacting a surface having graffiti thereon with a graffiti removal composition comprising a mixture of a solvent fraction comprising an effective amount of N-methy1-2-pyrrolidone and a surface active agent useful in promoting wetting and penetration of said surface by said solvent fraction, for a period of time sufficient to effect a lifting of said graffiti from said surface, and
.subsequently rinsing said composition from said surface.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein said contact¬ ing step is effected by applying said composition to said surface by a method selected from the group consisting of brushing, spraying and scrubbing.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein said rinsing step is done with water.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein said water is applied under pressure onto said surface.
18. The method of claim 14 wherein said surface active agent is selected from the group consisting of cationic, nonionic and anionic surfactants and combinations thereof.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein said surface active agent comprises an anionic surfactant.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein said composi¬ tion additionally comprises an anti-corrosive agent selected from the group consisting of triethanolamine, monoethanolamine and combinations thereof.
21. The method of claim 19 wherein said anionic surfactant comprises alkyl benzene sulfonic acid.
22. The method of claim 21 wherein said alkyl benzene sulfonic acid comprises at least about 1 wt% of said composition.
23. The method of claim 19 wherein said anionic surfactant comprises a linear alkyl benzene sulfonate.
24. The method of claim 14 wherein said composi¬ tion additionally comprises a thickening agent in an amount effective to modify the viscosity of said composition so
Not to be taken into consideration for the purposes of international processing under Section 309 (c) of the Administrative Instructions.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US4370887A | 1987-04-29 | 1987-04-29 | |
| US043,708 | 1987-04-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1988008445A1 true WO1988008445A1 (en) | 1988-11-03 |
Family
ID=21928486
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1988/001424 WO1988008445A1 (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1988-04-29 | Graffiti removal composition and method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO1988008445A1 (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5011621A (en) * | 1990-06-04 | 1991-04-30 | Arco Chemical Technology, Inc. | Paint stripper compositions containing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and renewable resources |
| US5130046A (en) * | 1989-07-28 | 1992-07-14 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Paint stripping composition containing silica microparticles and polar co-thickening agent |
| GB2259096A (en) * | 1991-08-28 | 1993-03-03 | Unilever Plc | Liquid cleaning products |
| EP0604372A1 (en) * | 1992-12-24 | 1994-06-29 | Acklin, Hanspeter | Cleaning composition for removing graffiti |
| EP0640113A1 (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1995-03-01 | American Polymer, Inc. | Surface pre-treatment for the removal of graffiti therefrom |
| US5554312A (en) * | 1995-01-13 | 1996-09-10 | Ashland | Photoresist stripping composition |
| US5575859A (en) * | 1986-06-13 | 1996-11-19 | Cps Kemi Aps | Method for removing printing and screen printing ink |
| US5712234A (en) * | 1994-11-28 | 1998-01-27 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Graffiti removers which comprise a dye bleaching agent |
| US5910369A (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1999-06-08 | American Polymer, Inc. | Methods for protecting substrates with urethane protective coatings |
| WO2000043136A1 (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 2000-07-27 | Samuel Lee Miles | Method for stripping paint from non-ferrous substrates |
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| US4085059A (en) * | 1974-05-02 | 1978-04-18 | Bunker Ramo Corporation | Foam type coating remover |
| US4120810A (en) * | 1974-10-07 | 1978-10-17 | Palmer David A | Paint remover with improved safety characteristics |
| US4276186A (en) * | 1979-06-26 | 1981-06-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Cleaning composition and use thereof |
| US4353745A (en) * | 1981-08-26 | 1982-10-12 | Chemed Corporation | Cleaner for anti-graffiti system |
| US4395479A (en) * | 1981-09-23 | 1983-07-26 | J. T. Baker Chemical Company | Stripping compositions and methods of stripping resists |
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| US4666626A (en) * | 1986-03-21 | 1987-05-19 | C.L.M., Inc. | Paint stripper compositions |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4085059A (en) * | 1974-05-02 | 1978-04-18 | Bunker Ramo Corporation | Foam type coating remover |
| US4120810A (en) * | 1974-10-07 | 1978-10-17 | Palmer David A | Paint remover with improved safety characteristics |
| US4276186A (en) * | 1979-06-26 | 1981-06-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Cleaning composition and use thereof |
| US4353745A (en) * | 1981-08-26 | 1982-10-12 | Chemed Corporation | Cleaner for anti-graffiti system |
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| US4428871A (en) * | 1981-09-23 | 1984-01-31 | J. T. Baker Chemical Company | Stripping compositions and methods of stripping resists |
| US4453984A (en) * | 1982-06-30 | 1984-06-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method for removing electrically conductive paste from a screening mask |
| US4401747A (en) * | 1982-09-02 | 1983-08-30 | J. T. Baker Chemical Company | Stripping compositions and methods of stripping resists |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5575859A (en) * | 1986-06-13 | 1996-11-19 | Cps Kemi Aps | Method for removing printing and screen printing ink |
| US5130046A (en) * | 1989-07-28 | 1992-07-14 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Paint stripping composition containing silica microparticles and polar co-thickening agent |
| US5011621A (en) * | 1990-06-04 | 1991-04-30 | Arco Chemical Technology, Inc. | Paint stripper compositions containing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and renewable resources |
| GB2259096A (en) * | 1991-08-28 | 1993-03-03 | Unilever Plc | Liquid cleaning products |
| US6312815B1 (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 2001-11-06 | American Polymer Corporation | Two layer protective coatings |
| EP0640113A1 (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1995-03-01 | American Polymer, Inc. | Surface pre-treatment for the removal of graffiti therefrom |
| EP0640113A4 (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1996-03-13 | American Polymer Inc | Surface pre-treatment for the removal of graffiti therefrom. |
| US5910369A (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1999-06-08 | American Polymer, Inc. | Methods for protecting substrates with urethane protective coatings |
| EP0604372A1 (en) * | 1992-12-24 | 1994-06-29 | Acklin, Hanspeter | Cleaning composition for removing graffiti |
| CH684598A5 (en) * | 1992-12-24 | 1994-10-31 | Hanspeter Acklin Kurt Jenzer | Detergent for removing graffiti paint applications. |
| US5712234A (en) * | 1994-11-28 | 1998-01-27 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Graffiti removers which comprise a dye bleaching agent |
| US5554312A (en) * | 1995-01-13 | 1996-09-10 | Ashland | Photoresist stripping composition |
| WO2000043136A1 (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 2000-07-27 | Samuel Lee Miles | Method for stripping paint from non-ferrous substrates |
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