Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
  • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
  • B82Y15/00—Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
  • G01N33/588—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with semiconductor nanocrystal label, e.g. quantum dots

Definitions

• nucleic acid means DNA, RNA, single-stranded, double- stranded, or more highly aggregated hybridization motifs, and any chemical modifications thereof. Modifications include, but are not limited to, those providing chemical groups that incorporate additional charge, polarizability, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, points of attachment and functionality to the nucleic acid ligand bases or to the nucleic acid ligand as a whole.
• ensemble regime and “ensemble counting,” are used interchangeably herein and refer to detection of signal from a plurality of detectably labeled targets in the field, e.g., an array spot, typically relatively homogenously dispersed within the field, in the form of average emission intensity over the area of the detection field. In his regime, sample concentration is proportional to average emission intensity.
• the second quantum dot color can be attached, either directly or indirectly, to the target-affinity moiety complex via a third labeled component such as an additional binding moiety, specific for either the target, the affinity moiety, the target-affinity moiety complex of any combination thereof.
• the surface of a substrate of use in practicing the present invention can be smooth, rough and/or patterned.
• the surface can be engineered by the use of mechanical and/or chemical techniques.
• the surface can be roughened or patterned by rubbing, etching, grooving, stretching, and the oblique deposition of metal films.
• the substrate can be patterned using techniques such as photolithography (Kleinfield et al, J. Neurosci. 8: 4098-120 (1998)), photoetching, chemical etching and microcontact printing (Kumar et al, Langmuir 10: 1498-511 (1994)).
• Other techniques for forming patterns on a substrate will be readily apparent to those of skill in the art.
• Dimeric secondary aminoalkyl siloxanes a. bis-(3 -trimethoxy silylpropyl) amine - bis(silyloxylpropyl)amine . It will be apparent to those of skill in the art that an array of similarly useful functionalizing chemistries are available when spacer arms other than siloxanes are used. For example similarly functionalized alkyl thiols can be attached to metal films and subsequently reacted to produce the functional groups such as those exemplified above
• the physicochemical characteristics (e.g., hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, surface activity, conformation) of the substrate surface and/or spacer arm are altered by attaching a monovalent moiety which is different in composition than the constituents of the spacer arm and which does not bear an affinity moiety.
• monovalent moiety refers to organic molecules attached to the substrate that do not bear an affinity moiety.
• “Monovalent moieties” are to be contrasted with the "spacer” groups described above. Such monovalent groups are used to modify the hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, binding characteristics, etc. of the substrate surface.
• a more efficient technique employed for making ordered arrays of genomic fragments uses an array of pins dipped into the wells, e.g., the 96 wells of a microtitre plate, for transferring an array of samples to a substrate, such as a porous membrane, glass surface, or the like.
• One array includes pins that are designed to spot a membrane in a staggered fashion, for creating an array of 9216 spots in a 22 x 22 cm area. See, Lehrach, et al.
• anticholinergic drags e.g. , scopolamine, atropine, homatropine, levodopa
• anti-emetic and antinauseant drugs e.g. , cyclizine, meclizine, chlorpromazine, buclizine
• anorexic drugs e.g. , benzphetamine, phentermine, chlorphentermine, fenfluramine
• central stimulant drugs e.g. , amphetamine, methamphetamine, dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate
• antiarrhythmic drugs e.g.
• the affinity moiety is a polyaminocarboxylate chelating agent such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTP A), which is attached to an amine on the substrate, or spacer arm, by utilizing the commercially available dianhydride (Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI).
• EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
• DTP A diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
• the metal chelate binds to tagged species, such as polyhistidyl-tagged proteins, which can be used to recognize and bind target species.
• the metal ion itself, or a species complexing the metal ion can be the target.
• Both antibody and aptamer receptors are fully compatible with each other, and offer the potential for extremely high affinity binding. They can each recognize either the same or different epitopes in a protein or cell surface, and mixtures of antibodies and aptamers can even be used in sandwich assays.
• the methods of the present invention can be used to detect any target, or class of targets, which interact with an affinity moiety in a detectable manner.
• the interaction between the target and affinity moiety can be any physicochemical interaction, including covalent bonding, ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals interactions, attractive electronic interactions and hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions.
• the interaction is an ionic interaction.
• an acid, base, metal ion or metal ion-binding ligand is the target.
• the interaction is a hydrogen bonding interaction.
• the hybridization of an immobilized nucleic acid to a nucleic acid having a complementary sequence is detected.
• the interaction is between an enzyme or receptor and a small molecule which binds thereto.
• an affinity moiety in one assay can be a target in another assay.
• target and affinity moiety are not absolute, but are dependent on what is being detected (“target”) by interaction with an affinity moiety.
• quantum dot-labeled reagents and unlabeled target compounds compete for binding sites on an affinity moiety. After an incubation period, unbound materials are optionally washed off and the amount of labeled reagent bound to the site is compared to reference amounts for determination of the target concentration in the assay mixture.
• Other competitive assay motifs using labeled target and/or labeled affinity moiety and/or labeled reagents will be apparent to those of skill in the art.
• databases which include peptide sequence specificity data is for clarity of illustration only. It will be apparent to those of skill in the art that similar databases can be assembled for any assay data acquired using an assay of the invention.
• the invention also preferably provides a magnetic disk, such as an IBM- compatible (DOS, Windows, Windows95/98/2000, Windows NT, OS/2) or other format (e.g., Linux, SunOS, Solaris, AIX, SCO Unix, VMS, MV, Macintosh, etc.) floppy diskette or hard (fixed, Winchester) disk drive, comprising a bit pattern encoding data from an assay of the invention in a file format suitable for retrieval and processing in a computerized sequence analysis, comparison, or relative quantitation method.
• a magnetic disk such as an IBM- compatible (DOS, Windows, Windows95/98/2000, Windows NT, OS/2) or other format (e.g., Linux, SunOS, Solaris, AIX, SCO Unix, VMS, MV, Macintosh, etc.) floppy diskette or hard (fixed, Winchester) disk drive, comprising a bit pattern encoding data from an assay of the invention in a file format suitable for retrieval and processing

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Cited By (17)

• 2001
  • 2001-02-16 WO PCT/US2001/005164 patent/WO2001061348A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2001-02-16 AU AU2001238447A patent/AU2001238447A1/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (14)

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