WO2004114497A1 - System for wireless two-way management, measurement and control of the consumption of electrical power and other services - Google Patents

System for wireless two-way management, measurement and control of the consumption of electrical power and other services Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004114497A1
WO2004114497A1 PCT/IB2003/002508 IB0302508W WO2004114497A1 WO 2004114497 A1 WO2004114497 A1 WO 2004114497A1 IB 0302508 W IB0302508 W IB 0302508W WO 2004114497 A1 WO2004114497 A1 WO 2004114497A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
consumption
information
energy
central unit
concentration
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2003/002508
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alfredo Avelino Pereyra Pantoja
Original Assignee
Key Zoom Technologies De Colombia Ltda.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Key Zoom Technologies De Colombia Ltda. filed Critical Key Zoom Technologies De Colombia Ltda.
Priority to PCT/IB2003/002508 priority Critical patent/WO2004114497A1/en
Priority to AU2003244906A priority patent/AU2003244906A1/en
Publication of WO2004114497A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004114497A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/32—Means for saving power
    • G06F1/3203—Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is the distribution of electricity.
  • the invention is about a system of administration, measurement and control of the consumption of electric energy in real time, up to the level of final consumer.
  • This system automates the administration and sale of low voltage energy and integrates the consumer with the distribution company through a meter that communicates simultaneously and permanently with a digital display installed inside the client's home and with the central office of The distribution company.
  • This permanent communication is achieved through a two-way, wireless and autonomous communication system between the system components.
  • the client permanently receives - within his domicile - information of his consumption and of the costs of this, which allows him to administer them in terms of the amount of electricity that he consumes and the schedule in which he consumes it.
  • the distribution company has - in real time - information on the consumption of all its customers, which allows it to optimize supply management. Background.
  • Electricity distribution companies tend to differentiate the management of their domestic consumers and small industries, to those who supply low voltage (BT) energy, to those consumers of greater importance, to whom they supply the electric fluid in medium and high voltage.
  • BT low voltage
  • SCADA Remote Control and Data Acquisition
  • electromechanical meters do not have a data storage system that accurately records interruptions and service quality.
  • the lack of reliable and immediate information on the mass of domestic clients prevents the audit body from determining the nature and magnitude of the system's failures.
  • Figure 1 shows the general administration, measurement and control system object of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a diagram of how the system is managed to integrate the different components.
  • Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the display screen that is part of the system object of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows the general management system with the consumer and distributor components and their form of interaction
  • the invention deals with a system of administration, measurement and control of the consumption of electrical energy in real time, up to the level of final consumer and that works with a two-way, wireless and autonomous communication system between its components.
  • a system is appreciated that will automate the administration and sale of low voltage energy and integrate the consumer with the distribution company through intelligent components.
  • Said components include means for measuring consumption 2, which from now on will be called a meter, which communicates permanently with means for displaying 1, which displays said measured data and from now on will be called a display.
  • information concentration means 3 hereafter called remote concentrator, which are responsible for controlling all the information received from the meters of all the different users.
  • reception and processing means 4 hereafter called the central unit, which have the function of analyzing, process and exchange the information originally issued by the meters.
  • the system also includes means to measure the total energy that enters certain areas or sectors supplied by the distribution company. These means, hereinafter referred to as a totalizer, have the function of performing energy balances in the areas that the company wishes to carry out.
  • the invention is characterized by separating the meter from the display by maintaining permanent communication between the display and the meter, and between the meter with the central unit; and ' by autonomous, automatic, wireless, permanent and bidirectional communication between all components.
  • the information of each of the meters will be processed in said central unit integrating the commercial and administrative processes of the distribution company.
  • the invented system physically separates the energy meter (keeps it installed outside the home) from the display (locates it inside the home), but keeps them integrated with each other and also integrated with an information hub and with the central unit of the distribution company . Communication between the meter and the display as well as between the meter and the concentrator can also be via cable if the distributor considers it convenient.
  • the operation of the system is possible through the use of a program that has been developed to integrate the different components of the system and that gives access to distributor for data management, supervision and control of the network and energy consumption.
  • the means for displaying 1 are located within the customer's home and has a wireless communication system and a screen with alphanumeric information, in its preferred mode as can be seen in Figure 3.
  • the display is an intelligent unit that has a Programmable microcontroller, memory and wireless communication capability. This unit will have a built-in clock and may have sound and optical devices to alert the customer when it exceeds the pre-established consumption patterns (power, energy, non-payment, etc.). It can also be programmed to show historical background of its consumption, tariff costs and different tariff options, all connected directly with the central office through its two-way communication system. All this information will allow the client to control and manage their energy consumption in terms of Kwh and costs, using the information that appears on the screen.
  • the display may have a customer complaint button to the distributor, which tells the latter that he must pay attention to the customer power supply operation that triggered the alarm. It will also have a option of a button with special insurance that can be used as an alarm signal when the client so require. This last device will contribute to citizen security. You can also be prepared to receive other messages that come from the central office when the user requires or allows it.
  • the display will be powered by energy coming from the network and will alternatively have rechargeable batteries that will also be powered from the network.
  • the display has an identification code assigned only to the owner customer and that does not allow its use by another customer other than the owner. That code is identified with its torque, the assigned meter or the means to measure consumption 2.
  • the means for measuring consumption 2 can be a basic, single-phase, two-phase or three-phase intelligent electronic meter, which has a cut-reconnection module, communications module and built-in clock.
  • the basic unit of measure is responsible for measuring the amount of energy consumed from the voltage and current signals it receives from its sensors. The communication of this basic unit will be through electronic signals.
  • the meter has an autonomous, bidirectional and wireless communication system through which it transmits energy consumption to the remote concentrator. Additionally, it delivers the same information converted to Kwh and energy consumption costs to the display. It also records the excesses of power and energy use over pre-established levels and sends these reports to the central office or to the client. It will also record the interruptions with exact time.
  • the meters can be installed in the current measurement boxes, because it takes up little space, or alternatively they can be located on the posts where the connection or pendant passes in the low voltage network, as shown in Figure 4 if it is a question of installing systems anti-theft, and prevent the meters from being manipulated in an unauthorized manner.
  • the meter for integration purposes, has an encoding for the Central Unit and the concentrator and its code does not allow its use with another display or with another concentrator other than the one assigned.
  • Figure 1 also shows the information concentration means 3 which are an intelligent unit that is responsible for controlling the meters, storing data, recording and communicating by means of a radio frequency (RF) module, carrier wave (PLC) or others media with the meters under your control. Therefore, the hub is the link where the information received by radio frequency (wireless communication) of a certain number of users is managed, storing it in its memory.
  • the concentrator is located at a suitable distance to command a specific number of meters.
  • the concentrator will have a wireless communication system and will be able to establish two-way communication with a computer, which will produce a versatile system, for its easy access to information, having to know the gate code for access.
  • East Communication system receives and delivers information from the meters of your domain, also making the wireless bidirectional connection with the central unit, which will be the data processing center (CPD), installed and / or located at the headquarters of the distribution company . If convenient for the distributor, a PLC or any other means of communication can also be used.
  • the concentrator may receive signals from maintenance or operations personnel indicating their geographical position if it is neighboring the concentrator. This information would be transmitted to the central unit.
  • the hub is composed of a power supply, a central processor, memories, input / output ports; one for communication with the meter and one for communication with the central unit, in addition to a local port.
  • the remote hub for integration purposes, has an encoding for the central unit and for the meters.
  • system may optionally have a hub supervisor whose objective is to collect information from the hubs to be sent to the central unit. This unit will be used according to market conditions.
  • Figure 1 also shows the reception and processing means 4 or central unit, which is composed of a computer in which the software specially designed to perform the analysis, processing and exchange of collected information is installed. It also has communication equipment, and data acquisition, supervision and control system software SCADA and historical database. This computer will be integrated into the distributor's computer system. Its objective is the administration of the system in real time. In addition, through the central unit, you can program the parameters required by the distribution company, as well as the information required for analysis later or that you want to display on the display screen, this being information obtained in real time.
  • the reception and processing means 4 or central unit which is composed of a computer in which the software specially designed to perform the analysis, processing and exchange of collected information is installed. It also has communication equipment, and data acquisition, supervision and control system software SCADA and historical database. This computer will be integrated into the distributor's computer system. Its objective is the administration of the system in real time. In addition, through the central unit, you can program the parameters required by the distribution company, as well as the information required for analysis later or that you want to display
  • This unit will be permanently fed with information from the remote concentrator (containing the information of the clients) and will integrate it with the commercialization systems, geo-referenced (GIS) and the administrative system to then issue the reports of each of the areas and billing, all fully automated, as shown in figure 4.
  • GIS geo-referenced
  • An important device which is located next to the central unit, is interface 5, in which the connectors and circuits that make communication with the remote concentrators are located.
  • This device consisting of a transceiver and a serial port, links the information coming from the hubs to the central unit.
  • the invented system also includes an electronic totalizer 6, as shown in Figure 4, which is located at the exit of the substations, including a communication medium with which it is integrated with the other components of the system.
  • This totalizer together with the meters of your area of influence, allow you to accurately perform the energy balance of that area and accurately identify the points in the that anomalies occur.
  • the instruments to be used in the system invented for this purpose will be equipped with watches.
  • the system may comprise an auxiliary electronic totalizer 7, which is an instrument whose function is to obtain totals or subtotals of consumption in the networks or sectors, within the area of influence of the substation, to facilitate energy balances and to locate possible energy leaks.
  • auxiliary electronic totalizer 7 is an instrument whose function is to obtain totals or subtotals of consumption in the networks or sectors, within the area of influence of the substation, to facilitate energy balances and to locate possible energy leaks.
  • the electronic totalizer is a measurement unit with split core, which facilitates its rapid installation, equipped with a communications module, similar to that of the meters.
  • FIG. 3 shows the program developed within this invention which fulfills the following functions:
  • the display, the meter, the remote concentrator, the central unit and the electronic totalizer have independent operating software that controls the operation of each of said system components and makes communication between said components possible, using its own protocol.
  • the central unit also has an application software to integrate the coordinated operation of the components, as well as - carry out the handling of data and information, including its reception, storage, ordering, processing and distribution.
  • the operation of the system object of the present invention allows the consumer, through the displays, to permanently have the information of their energy consumption on a daily and accumulated basis, both in Kwh. as well as in costs and you will also have access to your historical consumption permanently. Likewise, you may receive other commercial information through such means within * your home.
  • this information will allow the consumer to manage their demand according to the tariff specification offered by the distributor and may decrease their consumption during high consumption hours and increase it during low consumption hours. Also, by improving the load factor of the generation system as a result of the displacement of part of the demand from hours of high consumption to hours of low consumption, the cost of the energy rate will fall and benefit it.
  • the operation of the system object of the present invention also benefits the distributor as it may apply differentiated rates, may offer prepaid systems, will improve its load factor, will have effective instruments to accurately identify energy losses, will improve demand control of power and energy, it will improve the utilization of its installed capacity, it will be able to renegotiate with the generator its new demanded power, it will improve its efficiency as a result of the reduction of administration and operation costs, it will be able to offer special rates of energy in hours and days of low demand, you can make remote and real-time readings, it will not require typing any reading, the consistency of readings will be automatic, the printing of invoices will be automatic, billing can be done by areas in the distribution area and on dates Differentiated to avoid congestion in a few days, it will facilitate the reduction of late payment, by having better control of the Low Voltage network, the distributor will improve the quality of customer service, can make exact and instantaneous balances of energy at any time and by zones, or in total, in the distribution area, and may facilitate the supervision of maintenance and operations personnel moving through certain
  • the means to visualize 1, or display is installed inside the customer's home and will be connected to the mains and will have rechargeable backup batteries. The user can access the different information options offered by the display by pressing one of its buttons.
  • the means for measuring consumption 2, or meter will be located outside the customer's home and will be connected to the power grid, and can be located in the same place as the current meter. In case of opting for an anti-theft system, the meter can be installed in the connection, either in the pole or in the conductor.
  • the information concentration means 3 or remote concentrator, will be located in a place that facilitates the reception of the information of the meters that it will control, and will be connected to the power grid.
  • the reception and processing means 4, or central unit, will contain the program described above and will be located in the office of the distribution company, interconnecting to the computer system of the same.
  • the means of measuring the total consumption 5 will be located at the exit of the substation and will contain a program that will allow, together with the meters of its area of influence, to perform energy balances accurately.
  • the operation of the system is as follows: a person inside his house verifies on the display his consumption for a certain period. This information, which was recorded by the meter, was transmitted simultaneously to the remote hub through a two-way wireless communication system.
  • the remote concentrator gathers the information of the meters of its area of influence and transmits it to the concentrator supervisor, who relays the information coming from the concentrators to the central unit.
  • the electronic totalizer sends to the central unit the information required to perform energy balances.
  • the central unit integrates the information received and uses it to issue billing, energy balance reports and sectorized reports by geographic areas.
  • This modality will facilitate the automation of the entire electric power distribution system, by allowing the distributor to automate the commercial cycle (sale-collection, cut-off and reconnection) and remotely manage (SCADA) the distribution of low voltage electric power (BT ).
  • the distributor can also perform a real-time energy balance, when desired, and detect any anomalies that occur in the Low Voltage network, including excess energy loss over the technically pre-established level.
  • the distributor may offer a differentiated rate for peak and off-peak hours, and for low-consumption days, as well as the sale of energy under the pre-payment method without the use of cards.
  • This automation will result in a better use of the existing infrastructure, greater efficiency in the control of anomalies in the network and losses in the distribution, application of long distance rate options, automatic reading, and billing schedule on different dates, since The control and energy balance as well as the billing of each client can be carried out at any time.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a real-time electrical power consumption management, measurement and control system including means for measuring electrical power consumption, means for displaying measured electrical power consumption data, data concentration means, means for receiving and processing electrical power consumption data, and means for measuring the total power input into predetermined service areas, wherein all of said means are in continuous automatic two-way wireless communication.

Description

SISTEMA DE ADMINISTRACIÓN, MEDICIÓN Y CONTROL BIDIRECCIONAL E INALÁMBRICO DEL CONSUMO DE ENERGÍA ELÉCTRICA Y OTROSSYSTEM OF ADMINISTRATION, MEASUREMENT AND BIDIRECTIONAL AND WIRELESS CONTROL OF THE CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND OTHERS
SERVICIOSSERVICES
A. Campo Técnico y Objeto de la Invención.A. Technical Field and Object of the Invention.
El campo técnico de la invención es la distribución de electricidad. En particular, la invención trata de un sistema de administración, medición y control del consumo de energía eléctrica en tiempo real, hasta el nivel de consumidor final .The technical field of the invention is the distribution of electricity. In particular, the invention is about a system of administration, measurement and control of the consumption of electric energy in real time, up to the level of final consumer.
Dicho sistema automatiza la administración y venta de energía en baja tensión e integra al consumidor con la empresa distribuidora por medio de un medidor que se comunica simultáneamente y en forma permanente con un visualizador digital instalado dentro de la vivienda del cliente y con la oficina central de la empresa distribuidora. Esta comunicación permanente se logra mediante un sistema de comunicación bidireccional, inalámbrico y autónomo entre los componentes del sistema. De esta forma, el cliente recibe permanentemente - dentro de su domicilio - información de su consumo y de los costos de este, lo cual le permite administrarlos en términos del monto de electricidad que consume y del horario en que lo consume. Asimismo'" la empresa distribuidora cuenta - en tiempo real - con información de los consumos de todos sus clientes, lo cual le permite optimizar la administración del suministro. Antecedentes.This system automates the administration and sale of low voltage energy and integrates the consumer with the distribution company through a meter that communicates simultaneously and permanently with a digital display installed inside the client's home and with the central office of The distribution company. This permanent communication is achieved through a two-way, wireless and autonomous communication system between the system components. In this way, the client permanently receives - within his domicile - information of his consumption and of the costs of this, which allows him to administer them in terms of the amount of electricity that he consumes and the schedule in which he consumes it. Likewise '" the distribution company has - in real time - information on the consumption of all its customers, which allows it to optimize supply management. Background.
Las empresas de distribución eléctrica suelen diferenciar el manejo de sus consumidores domésticos y de pequeñas industrias, a quienes les suministra energía en baja tensión (BT) , de aquellos consumidores de mayor importancia, a quienes les suministra el fluido eléctrico en media y alta tensión. Habida cuenta del mayor consumo individual de los segundos, la administración de su suministro se encuentra por lo general automatizada y con control a distancia SCADA (Supervisión Control and Data Acquisition) . No así la administración de la distribución a los primeros pues se considera que esta opción resulta demasiado costosa con relación a su bajo nivel de consumo individual. Por este motivo, los sistemas de administración para los clientes en BT permanecen aislados e intensivos en mano de obra, pues prevalecen aun los medidores electromecánicos que requieren de lectura periódica y personalizada. Estos medidores no se encuentran integrados con los otros procesos de comercialización y administración. Estas prácticas demandan considerable cantidad de tiempo-persona y conllevan el riesgo de error humano al registrar los consumos .Electricity distribution companies tend to differentiate the management of their domestic consumers and small industries, to those who supply low voltage (BT) energy, to those consumers of greater importance, to whom they supply the electric fluid in medium and high voltage. In view of the greater individual consumption of the latter, the administration of its supply is usually automated and with remote control SCADA (Supervision Control and Data Acquisition). Not so the administration of the distribution to the former because it is considered that this option is too expensive in relation to its low level of individual consumption. For this reason, administration systems for BT customers remain isolated and labor-intensive, as electromechanical meters that require periodic and personalized reading prevail. These meters are not integrated with the other marketing and administration processes. These practices demand a considerable amount of person-time and carry the risk of human error when recording consumption.
La gran mayoría de los medidores instalados por las empresas distribuidoras (tanto los electromecánicos como algunos electrónicos) integran en una sola unidad el sensor y un contómetro o visualizador del consumo acumulado. Estos medidores con sus visualizadores se ubican fuera de la vivienda de los clientes en BT para permitir la lectura y el servicio de mantenimiento de la distribuidora. Por este motivo, le es difícil al cliente el acceso a información que le permita conocer en todo momento su situación de consumo. Así, las limitaciones técnicas de los actuales sistemas de medición en BT no facilitan al consumidor la administración y la racionalización permanente del consumo de energía. Por ejemplo, la mayoría de los actuales sistemas de medición no están diseñados para la aplicación de la tarifa diferenciada, en horas de alto consumo y en horas de bajo consumo o en otros días de bajo consumo. Desde que al consumidor final se le cobra en muchos casos tarifa monómica, le es indiferente, desde el punto de vista económico, su horario de consumo.The vast majority of meters installed by distribution companies (both electromechanical and some electronic) integrate the sensor and a contometer or display of accumulated consumption into a single unit. These meters with their displays are located outside the customers' home in BT to allow reading and maintenance of the distributor. For this reason, it is difficult for the client Access to information that allows you to know your consumption situation at all times. Thus, the technical limitations of the current measurement systems in BT do not facilitate the consumer's administration and permanent rationalization of energy consumption. For example, most of the current measurement systems are not designed for the application of the differentiated rate, in hours of high consumption and in hours of low consumption or on other days of low consumption. Since the final consumer is charged in many cases a monomic rate, their consumption schedule is indifferent, from an economic point of view.
Como consecuencia de la situación actual antes descrita, el crecimiento de la demanda en horas de alto consumo, obliga al Sistema de Generación, en muchos casos, a consumir combustibles fósiles, que contribuye al aumento del costo de la producción de energía y a la contaminación ambiental. Asimismo, la potencia instalada para cubrir expresamente la demanda en horas de alto consumo, afecta negativamente el diagrama y factor de carga del sistema.As a consequence of the current situation described above, the growth in demand during high consumption hours forces the Generation System, in many cases, to consume fossil fuels, which contributes to the increase in the cost of energy production and environmental pollution. . Likewise, the installed power to expressly cover the demand during high consumption hours negatively affects the diagram and load factor of the system.
Es importante notar que existen también en el mercado algunos medidores electrónicos para BT que cuentan con un visualizador dentro de la vivienda y permiten al usuario el control de la energía eléctrica. Dicho visualizador está conectado con el medidor que se ubica fuera de la vivienda y se comunican entre si constituyéndose un sistema. Sin embargo, dicho medidor se encuentra incomunicado con la oficina central y requiere de apoyo directo de personal para que la empresa distribuidora obtenga la información de consumo de energía contenida en cada medidor. El hecho que el sistema descrito no se comunique en tiempo real con la oficina central, impide la integración de los medidores con los procesos comerciales y administrativos de la empresa distribuidora.It is important to note that there are also some electronic BT meters on the market that have a display inside the house and allow the user to control the electrical energy. Said display is connected to the meter that is located outside the house and communicates with each other constituting a system. However, said meter is held incommunicado with the central office and requires direct personnel support for the distribution company to obtain the energy consumption information contained in each meter. The fact that the system described is not Communicate in real time with the central office, prevents the integration of the meters with the commercial and administrative processes of the distribution company.
Por otra parte, actualmente el diseño de la acometida y la ubicación del medidor con su contómetro facilitan, en algunos mercados, las prácticas de hurto de energía y la manipulación de los medidores. Dicha situación, además de antieconómica para la empresa distribuidora (costo de energía y mantenimiento anti-hurto) , constituye un riesgo físico para los que intentan robar energía.On the other hand, currently the design of the connection and the location of the meter with its contometer facilitate, in some markets, the practices of energy theft and the manipulation of the meters. This situation, in addition to uneconomical for the distribution company (energy cost and anti-theft maintenance), constitutes a physical risk for those who try to steal energy.
En suma, los esfuerzos del distribuidor para realizar el balance de energía y controlar las pérdidas técnicas y comerciales de energía en las redes de BT han dado resultados modestos. A pesar de la inversión en personal, equipos, materiales, mantenimiento y reparación de las redes y medidores, los balances de energía siguen inexactos porque la lectura masiva de los medidores de los clientes domésticos no se puede hacer en forma simultánea sino en tiempo diferenciado y los resultados son determinados por aproximación. Asimismo, el control de hurtos y fraudes ha logrado únicamente resultados limitados, pues la lectura de medidores en tiempo diferenciado dificulta la identificación definitiva de los puntos de pérdidas .In sum, the distributor's efforts to perform the energy balance and control technical and commercial energy losses in BT networks have given modest results. In spite of the investment in personnel, equipment, materials, maintenance and repair of the networks and meters, the energy balances remain inaccurate because the mass reading of the meters of the domestic clients cannot be done simultaneously but in differentiated time and The results are determined by approximation. Likewise, the control of thefts and frauds has achieved only limited results, since the reading of meters in differentiated time makes it difficult to identify definitively the loss points.
Cabe mencionar que también se encuentran instalados en el mercado, medidores electrónicos que permiten la lectura remota. Sin embargo, es importante recalcar que dichos sistemas están dirigidos únicamente a servir a usuarios importantes, en media y alta tensión. Existen varias desventajas de los sistemas que actualmente se utilizan en el comercio. Por un lado para el cliente existe un limitado acceso al control de su consumo pues le impide tener un instrumento que facilite la racional administración/dosificación del mismo; el conocimiento del monto de la factura es sólo una vez al mes (dependiendo de la periodicidad de la cobranza) sin posibilidad de ver periódicamente los montos acumulados de consumo; y además tiene una tarifa monómica que es igual a toda hora (hora de alto consumo y hora de bajo consumo) , que no incentiva el consumo en horas de bajo consumo.It should be mentioned that electronic meters that allow remote reading are also installed in the market. However, it is important to emphasize that these systems are aimed only at serving important users, in medium and high voltage. There are several disadvantages of the systems that are currently used in commerce. On the one hand for the client there is limited access to the control of their consumption because it prevents them from having an instrument that facilitates the rational administration / dosage of the same; the knowledge of the invoice amount is only once a month (depending on the periodicity of the collection) without the possibility of periodically seeing the accumulated amounts of consumption; and it also has a monomic rate that is the same at all times (high consumption time and low consumption time), which does not encourage consumption during low consumption hours.
También para el distribuidor existen varias desventajas como tener un ciclo comercial (lectura, verificación, digitación, facturación, corte y reconexión) ineficiente e inexacto debido al uso intensivo de mano de obra y a las prácticas operativas imperantes; debido a que la lectura de los medidores se efectúa masivamente con rigidez repetitiva (una vez al mes) , generalmente se da una congestión similar en la facturación y cobranza; sólo tiene un balance de energía en tiempo diferenciado y por aproximación; tiene problemas de hurto de energía; y existe inseguridad del personal de campo para combatir el hurto de energía.There are also several disadvantages for the distributor, such as having an inefficient and inaccurate business cycle (reading, verification, typing, billing, cutting and reconnection) due to the intensive use of labor and the prevailing operational practices; Because the meter reading is done massively with repetitive stiffness (once a month), there is generally a similar congestion in billing and collection; it only has a balance of energy in differentiated time and by approximation; have energy theft problems; and there is insecurity of field personnel to combat energy theft.
Además de las anteriores desventajas, se encuentran otros relacionados con el sistema de generación, el medio ambiente, etc. pues se encuentra que existe una deficiente utilización de la capacidad instalada que se refleja en el diagrama/factor de carga como resultado de la falta de incentivo económico para un menor consumo en horas de alto consumo, hay contaminación por consumo de combustible líquido en horas de alto consumo, el consumo de combustible líquido para la generación de electricidad en horas de alto consumo afecta la balanza de pagos, el alto costo de la energía (ocasionado por la falta de control de pérdidas y por el consumo de combustible líquido) afecta la competitividad de las industrias que utilizan dicha energía y el alto costo de la energía afecta en muchos casos el nivel de vida de la población que consume esta energía.In addition to the previous disadvantages, there are others related to the generation system, the environment, etc. as it is found that there is a deficient use of the installed capacity that is reflected in the diagram / load factor as a result of the lack of economic incentive for lower consumption in high consumption hours, there is contamination by consumption of liquid fuel in hours of high consumption, consumption of Liquid fuel for the generation of electricity during high consumption hours affects the balance of payments, the high cost of energy (caused by the lack of control of losses and the consumption of liquid fuel) affects the competitiveness of the industries that use such energy and the high cost of energy affects in many cases the standard of living of the population that consumes this energy.
Finalmente, los medidores electromecánicos no cuentan con un sistema de almacenamiento de datos que registre con exactitud las interrupciones y calidad del servicio. La falta de información confiable e inmediata en la masa de clientes domésticos impide al organismo fiscalizador determinar la naturaleza y magnitud en las fallas del sistema .Finally, electromechanical meters do not have a data storage system that accurately records interruptions and service quality. The lack of reliable and immediate information on the mass of domestic clients prevents the audit body from determining the nature and magnitude of the system's failures.
C. Resumen de la invención.C. Summary of the invention.
Debido a todas las desventajas existentes en este campo, existe la necesidad de un nuevo sistema de administración, medición y control del consumo de energía eléctrica en tiempo real, hasta el nivel de consumidor final, el cual es el objeto de la presente invención y que se describirá más adelante en detalle.Due to all the disadvantages existing in this field, there is a need for a new system of administration, measurement and control of the consumption of electric energy in real time, up to the level of final consumer, which is the object of the present invention and that It will be described later in detail.
D. Breve descripción de los dibujos.D. Brief description of the drawings.
La figura 1 muestra el sistema general de administración, medición y control objeto de la presente invención. La figura 2 muestra un diagrama de la forma como se maneja el sistema para integración de los diferentes componentes. La figura 3 muestra una modalidad de la pantalla del visualizador que hace parte del sistema objeto de la presente invención.Figure 1 shows the general administration, measurement and control system object of the present invention. Figure 2 shows a diagram of how the system is managed to integrate the different components. Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the display screen that is part of the system object of the present invention.
La figura 4 muestra el sistema general de administración con los componentes consumidor y distribuidor y su forma de interacciónFigure 4 shows the general management system with the consumer and distributor components and their form of interaction
Descripción detallada de la invención.Detailed description of the invention.
La invención trata de un sistema de administración, medición y control del consumo de energía eléctrica en tiempo real, hasta el nivel de consumidor final y que funciona con un sistema de comunicación bidireccional, inalámbrico y autónomo entre sus componentes.The invention deals with a system of administration, measurement and control of the consumption of electrical energy in real time, up to the level of final consumer and that works with a two-way, wireless and autonomous communication system between its components.
De acuerdo con la figura 1, se aprecia un sistema que automatizará la administración y venta de energía en baja tensión e integrará al consumidor con la empresa distribuidora por medio de componentes inteligentes. Dichos componentes incluyen unos medios para medir consumo 2, el cual de ahora en adelante se llamará medidor, el cual se comunica en forma permanente con unos medios para visualizar 1, el cual visualiza dichos datos medidos y que de ahora en adelante se llamará visualizador. Igualmente se aprecia en la figura 1, unos medios de concentración de información 3, de ahora en adelante llamado concentrador remoto, los cuales se encargan de controlar toda la información recibida de los medidores de todos los diferentes usuarios . Para la transmisión de los datos concentrados en los medios de concentración 3 , dichos medios están en comunicación con unos medios de recepción y procesamiento 4, de ahora en adelante llamados unidad central, los cuales tienen la función de analizar, procesar e intercambiar la información emitida originalmente por los medidores.According to figure 1, a system is appreciated that will automate the administration and sale of low voltage energy and integrate the consumer with the distribution company through intelligent components. Said components include means for measuring consumption 2, which from now on will be called a meter, which communicates permanently with means for displaying 1, which displays said measured data and from now on will be called a display. Likewise, it can be seen in figure 1, information concentration means 3, hereafter called remote concentrator, which are responsible for controlling all the information received from the meters of all the different users. For the transmission of the data concentrated in the concentration means 3, said means are in communication with reception and processing means 4, hereafter called the central unit, which have the function of analyzing, process and exchange the information originally issued by the meters.
Finalmente, el sistema también incluye medios para medir el total de la energía que ingresa a determinadas áreas o sectores suministrados por la empresa distribuidora. Dichos medios, denominados de ahora en adelante como totalizador, tienen la función de realizar balances de energía en las áreas que la empresa desee efectuar.Finally, the system also includes means to measure the total energy that enters certain areas or sectors supplied by the distribution company. These means, hereinafter referred to as a totalizer, have the function of performing energy balances in the areas that the company wishes to carry out.
Así, la invención se caracteriza por separar el medidor del visualizador manteniendo comunicación permanente entre el visualizador y el medidor, y entre el medidor con la unidad central; y ' por la comunicación autónoma, automática, inalámbrica, permanente y bidireccional entre todos los componentes. Asimismo, la información de cada uno de los medidores será procesada en dicha unidad central integrándose a los procesos comerciales y administrativos de la empresa distribuidora.Thus, the invention is characterized by separating the meter from the display by maintaining permanent communication between the display and the meter, and between the meter with the central unit; and ' by autonomous, automatic, wireless, permanent and bidirectional communication between all components. Likewise, the information of each of the meters will be processed in said central unit integrating the commercial and administrative processes of the distribution company.
El sistema inventado separa físicamente el medidor de energía (lo mantiene instalado fuera del hogar) del visualizador (lo ubica dentro del hogar) , pero los mantiene integrados entre sí e integrados también con un concentrador de información y con la unidad central de la empresa distribuidora. La comunicación entre el medidor y el visualizador así como entre el medidor y el concentrador también puede ser por cable si el distribuidor lo considerara conveniente.The invented system physically separates the energy meter (keeps it installed outside the home) from the display (locates it inside the home), but keeps them integrated with each other and also integrated with an information hub and with the central unit of the distribution company . Communication between the meter and the display as well as between the meter and the concentrator can also be via cable if the distributor considers it convenient.
La operación del sistema es posible mediante el uso de un programa que ha sido desarrollado para integrar los diferentes componentes del sistema y que da acceso al distribuidor al manejo de datos, supervisión y control de la red y del consumo de energía.The operation of the system is possible through the use of a program that has been developed to integrate the different components of the system and that gives access to distributor for data management, supervision and control of the network and energy consumption.
Volviendo a la figura 1, se observa que la invención utiliza componentes electrónicos de alta velocidad de procesamiento y tecnología de punta.Turning to Figure 1, it is observed that the invention uses high-speed electronic components of processing and cutting-edge technology.
Los medios para visualizar 1 se ubican dentro del domicilio del cliente y cuenta con un sistema de comunicación inalámbrico y una pantalla con información alfanumérica, en su modalidad preferida como se puede apreciar en la figura 3. El visualizador es una unidad inteligente que cuenta con un microcontrolador programable, memoria y capacidad de comunicación inalámbrica. Esta unidad tendrá un reloj incorporado y podrá contar con dispositivos de sonido y ópticos para alertar al cliente cuando éste exceda los patrones de consumo preestablecidos (potencia, energía, falta de pago, etc.) . También puede estar programado para mostrar antecedentes históricos de su consumo, costos de tarifas y diferentes opciones tarifarias, todo conectado directamente con la oficina central a través de su sistema bidireccional de comunicación. Toda esta información permitirá al cliente controlar y administrar su consumo de energía en términos de Kwh y de costos, mediante la información que aparece en la pantalla.The means for displaying 1 are located within the customer's home and has a wireless communication system and a screen with alphanumeric information, in its preferred mode as can be seen in Figure 3. The display is an intelligent unit that has a Programmable microcontroller, memory and wireless communication capability. This unit will have a built-in clock and may have sound and optical devices to alert the customer when it exceeds the pre-established consumption patterns (power, energy, non-payment, etc.). It can also be programmed to show historical background of its consumption, tariff costs and different tariff options, all connected directly with the central office through its two-way communication system. All this information will allow the client to control and manage their energy consumption in terms of Kwh and costs, using the information that appears on the screen.
El visualizador podrá contar con un botón de reclamo del cliente al distribuidor, que le indica a este último que debe prestar atención a la operación de suministro de energía al cliente que pulsó la alarma. Asimismo, tendrá una opción de un botón con seguro especial que podrá ser utilizado como señal de alarma cuando el cliente así lo requiera. Este último dispositivo contribuirá a la seguridad ciudadana. Igualmente puede estar preparado para recibir mensajes de otra índole que venga de la oficina central cuando el usuario lo requiera o permita. El visualizador se alimentará de energía proveniente de la red y tendrá alternativamente pilas recargables que igualmente se alimentarán de la red.The display may have a customer complaint button to the distributor, which tells the latter that he must pay attention to the customer power supply operation that triggered the alarm. It will also have a option of a button with special insurance that can be used as an alarm signal when the client so require. This last device will contribute to citizen security. You can also be prepared to receive other messages that come from the central office when the user requires or allows it. The display will be powered by energy coming from the network and will alternatively have rechargeable batteries that will also be powered from the network.
El visualizador tiene un código de identificación asignado sólo al cliente propietario y que no permite su utilización por otro cliente que no sea el titular. Ese código está identificado con su par, el medidor asignado o los medios para medir consumo 2.The display has an identification code assigned only to the owner customer and that does not allow its use by another customer other than the owner. That code is identified with its torque, the assigned meter or the means to measure consumption 2.
Volviendo a la figura 1, los medios para medir consumo 2 pueden ser un medidor electrónico inteligente básico, monofásico, bifásico o trifásico, que cuenta con módulo de corte-reconexión, módulo de comunicaciones y reloj incorporado. La unidad básica de medición se encarga de medir la cantidad de energía consumida a partir de las señales de tensión y corriente que recibe de sus sensores . La comunicación de esta unidad básica será por medio de señales electrónicas.Returning to Figure 1, the means for measuring consumption 2 can be a basic, single-phase, two-phase or three-phase intelligent electronic meter, which has a cut-reconnection module, communications module and built-in clock. The basic unit of measure is responsible for measuring the amount of energy consumed from the voltage and current signals it receives from its sensors. The communication of this basic unit will be through electronic signals.
El medidor cuenta con un sistema de comunicación autónomo, bidireccional e inalámbrico por medio del cual transmite al concentrador remoto los consumos de energía . Adicionalmente entrega al visualizador la misma información convertida en Kwh y costos de consumo de energía. Registra igualmente los excesos sobre uso de potencia y energía sobre niveles preestablecidos y envía dichos informes a la oficina central o al cliente. También registrará con exactitud horaria las interrupciones. Los medidores se podrán instalar en las cajas de medición actuales, porque ocupa poco espacio, o alternativamente podrán ubicarse en los postes por donde pase la acometida o colgante en la red de baja tensión, como lo muestra la figura 4 si se trata de instalar sistemas antihurto, e impedir que se manipulen los medidores en forma no autorizada.The meter has an autonomous, bidirectional and wireless communication system through which it transmits energy consumption to the remote concentrator. Additionally, it delivers the same information converted to Kwh and energy consumption costs to the display. It also records the excesses of power and energy use over pre-established levels and sends these reports to the central office or to the client. It will also record the interruptions with exact time. The meters can be installed in the current measurement boxes, because it takes up little space, or alternatively they can be located on the posts where the connection or pendant passes in the low voltage network, as shown in Figure 4 if it is a question of installing systems anti-theft, and prevent the meters from being manipulated in an unauthorized manner.
El medidor, para fines de integración, tiene una codificación para la Unidad Central y el concentrador y su código no permite la utilización de éste con otro visualizador o con otro concentrador que no sea el asignado .The meter, for integration purposes, has an encoding for the Central Unit and the concentrator and its code does not allow its use with another display or with another concentrator other than the one assigned.
En la figura 1 también se aprecia los medios de concentración de información 3 los cuales son una unidad inteligente que se encarga de controlar los medidores, almacenar datos, registrarlos y comunicarse mediante un módulo de radiofrecuencia (RF) , onda portadora (PLC) u otros medios de comunicación con los medidores bajo su control. Por lo tanto, el concentrador es el enlace donde se administra la información recibida por radio frecuencia (comunicación inalámbrica) de un determinado número de usuarios, almacenándola en su memoria. El concentrador se encuentra ubicado a una distancia adecuada para comandar un número específico de medidores.Figure 1 also shows the information concentration means 3 which are an intelligent unit that is responsible for controlling the meters, storing data, recording and communicating by means of a radio frequency (RF) module, carrier wave (PLC) or others media with the meters under your control. Therefore, the hub is the link where the information received by radio frequency (wireless communication) of a certain number of users is managed, storing it in its memory. The concentrator is located at a suitable distance to command a specific number of meters.
El concentrador tendrá un sistema de comunicación inalámbrico y podrá establecer comunicación bidireccional con una computadora, lo cual producirá un sistema versátil, por su fácil acceso a la información, teniéndose que conocer el código compuerta para su acceso. Este sistema de comunicación recibe y entrega información de los medidores de su dominio, efectuando además la conexión bidireccional inalámbrica con la unidad central, la cual será el centro de procesamiento de datos (CPD) , instalado y/o ubicado en la sede de la empresa distribuidora. De ser conveniente para el distribuidor, también se puede utilizar un PLC o cualquier otro medio de comunicación. Opcionalmente, el concentrador podrá recibir señales del personal de mantenimiento u operaciones indicando su posición geográfica si esta fuera vecina al concentrador. Esta información sería transmitida a la unidad central .The concentrator will have a wireless communication system and will be able to establish two-way communication with a computer, which will produce a versatile system, for its easy access to information, having to know the gate code for access. East Communication system receives and delivers information from the meters of your domain, also making the wireless bidirectional connection with the central unit, which will be the data processing center (CPD), installed and / or located at the headquarters of the distribution company . If convenient for the distributor, a PLC or any other means of communication can also be used. Optionally, the concentrator may receive signals from maintenance or operations personnel indicating their geographical position if it is neighboring the concentrator. This information would be transmitted to the central unit.
El concentrador está compuesto de una fuente de alimentación, un procesador central, memorias, puertos de entrada/salida; uno para comunicación con el medidor y otro para comunicación con la unidad central, además de un puerto local. El concentrador remoto, para fines de integración, tiene una codificación para la unidad central y para los medidores .The hub is composed of a power supply, a central processor, memories, input / output ports; one for communication with the meter and one for communication with the central unit, in addition to a local port. The remote hub, for integration purposes, has an encoding for the central unit and for the meters.
Adicionalmente, el sistema puede tener opcionalmente un supervisor de concentradores cuyo objetivo es coleccionar información de los concentradores para enviarlos a la unidad central. Dicha unidad será utilizada de acuerdo a las condiciones del mercado.Additionally, the system may optionally have a hub supervisor whose objective is to collect information from the hubs to be sent to the central unit. This unit will be used according to market conditions.
La figura 1 también muestra los medios de recepción y procesamiento 4 o unidad central, la cual está compuesta por una computadora en la que se halla instalado el software diseñado especialmente para efectuar el análisis, procesamiento e intercambio de información recolectada. Cuenta además con equipo de comunicación, y software de adquisición de datos, supervisión y control del sistema SCADA y base de datos histórica. Esta computadora se integrará al sistema informático de la distribuidora. Su objetivo es la administración del sistema en tiempo real. Además, por medio de la unidad central, se pueden programar los parámetros que requiera la empresa distribuidora, así como también la información requerida para análisis posteriormente o que se quiera mostrar en la pantalla del visualizador, siendo ésta información obtenida en tiempo real . Esta unidad será permanentemente alimentada con información proveniente del concentrador remoto (conteniendo la información de los clientes) y la integrará con los sistemas de comercialización, geo- referenciado (GIS) y el sistema administrativo para luego emitir los reportes de cada una de las áreas y la facturación, todo totalmente automatizado, como se muestra en la figura 4.Figure 1 also shows the reception and processing means 4 or central unit, which is composed of a computer in which the software specially designed to perform the analysis, processing and exchange of collected information is installed. It also has communication equipment, and data acquisition, supervision and control system software SCADA and historical database. This computer will be integrated into the distributor's computer system. Its objective is the administration of the system in real time. In addition, through the central unit, you can program the parameters required by the distribution company, as well as the information required for analysis later or that you want to display on the display screen, this being information obtained in real time. This unit will be permanently fed with information from the remote concentrator (containing the information of the clients) and will integrate it with the commercialization systems, geo-referenced (GIS) and the administrative system to then issue the reports of each of the areas and billing, all fully automated, as shown in figure 4.
Un equipo importante, que se ubica junto a la unidad central, es la interfase 5, en la que se encuentran ubicados los conectadores y circuitos que hacen posible la comunicación con los concentradores remotos. Este dispositivo, consistente de un transreceptor y un puerto serial, enlaza la información proveniente de los concentradores con la unidad central .An important device, which is located next to the central unit, is interface 5, in which the connectors and circuits that make communication with the remote concentrators are located. This device, consisting of a transceiver and a serial port, links the information coming from the hubs to the central unit.
El sistema inventado también incluye un totalizador electrónico 6, como se aprecia en la figura 4, el cual está ubicado a la salida de las subestaciones, incluyendo un medio de comunicación con el cual está integrado con los otros componentes del sistema. Este totalizador, conjuntamente con los medidores de su área de influencia, permiten realizar con exactitud el balance de energía de dicha área e identificar con precisión los puntos en los que se produzcan anomalías. Los instrumentos a utilizarse en el sistema inventado para este propósito estarán equipados con relojes.The invented system also includes an electronic totalizer 6, as shown in Figure 4, which is located at the exit of the substations, including a communication medium with which it is integrated with the other components of the system. This totalizer, together with the meters of your area of influence, allow you to accurately perform the energy balance of that area and accurately identify the points in the that anomalies occur. The instruments to be used in the system invented for this purpose will be equipped with watches.
Adicionalmente, el sistema puede comprender un totalizador electrónico auxiliar 7, el cual es un instrumento cuya función es la de obtener los totales o subtotales de consumo en las redes o sectores, dentro del área de influencia de la subestación, para facilitar los balances de energía y para localizar posibles fugas de energía.Additionally, the system may comprise an auxiliary electronic totalizer 7, which is an instrument whose function is to obtain totals or subtotals of consumption in the networks or sectors, within the area of influence of the substation, to facilitate energy balances and to locate possible energy leaks.
El totalizador electrónico es una unidad de medición con núcleo partido, que facilita su rápida instalación, equipado con un módulo de comunicaciones, similar al de los medidores.The electronic totalizer is a measurement unit with split core, which facilitates its rapid installation, equipped with a communications module, similar to that of the meters.
La figura 3 muestra el programa desarrollado dentro de esta invención el cual cumple las siguientes funciones :Figure 3 shows the program developed within this invention which fulfills the following functions:
• El visualizador, el medidor, el concentrador remoto, la unidad central y el totalizador electrónico cuentan con softwares operativos independientes que controlan el funcionamiento de cada uno de dichos componentes del sistema y viabilizan la comunicación entre dichos componentes, utilizando un protocolo propio.• The display, the meter, the remote concentrator, the central unit and the electronic totalizer have independent operating software that controls the operation of each of said system components and makes communication between said components possible, using its own protocol.
• La unidad central cuenta además con un software aplicativo para integrar la operación coordinada de los componentes, así como- efectuar el manejo de datos e información, incluyendo su recepción, almacenamiento, ordenamiento, procesamiento y su distribución. El funcionamiento del sistema objeto de la presente invención, permite al consumidor a través de los visualizadores, disponer permanentemente de la información de su consumo de energía en forma diaria y acumulada, tanto en Kwh. así como también en costos y tendrá también acceso a su consumo histórico en forma permanente. Igualmente, podrá recibir información comercial de otra índole a través de dichos medios dentro* de su vivienda.• The central unit also has an application software to integrate the coordinated operation of the components, as well as - carry out the handling of data and information, including its reception, storage, ordering, processing and distribution. The operation of the system object of the present invention allows the consumer, through the displays, to permanently have the information of their energy consumption on a daily and accumulated basis, both in Kwh. as well as in costs and you will also have access to your historical consumption permanently. Likewise, you may receive other commercial information through such means within * your home.
Asimismo, dicha información le permitirá al consumidor administrar su demanda de acuerdo al pliego tarifario que le ofrezca el distribuidor y podrá disminuir su consumo en las horas de alto consumo y aumentarlo en las horas de bajo consumo. También, al mejorar el factor de carga del sistema de generación como resultado del desplazamiento de parte de la demanda de horas de alto consumo a horas de bajo consumo, el costo de la tarifa de energía bajará y lo beneficiará.Likewise, this information will allow the consumer to manage their demand according to the tariff specification offered by the distributor and may decrease their consumption during high consumption hours and increase it during low consumption hours. Also, by improving the load factor of the generation system as a result of the displacement of part of the demand from hours of high consumption to hours of low consumption, the cost of the energy rate will fall and benefit it.
En otra modalidad, podrá optar por sistemas prepago libre de tarjetas.In another mode, you can opt for prepaid card-free systems.
El funcionamiento del sistema objeto de la presente invención también beneficia al distribuidor ya que podrá aplicar tarifas diferenciadas, podrá ofrecer sistemas prepago, mejorará su factor de carga, contará con instrumentos efectivos para identificar con precisión las pérdidas de energía, mejorará el control de su demanda de potencia y energía, mejorará la utilización de su capacidad instalada, podrá renegociar con el generador su nueva potencia demandada, mejorará su eficiencia como resultado de la reducción de costos de administración y operación, podrá ofrecer tarifas especiales de energía en horas y días de baja demanda, podrá hacer lecturas remotas y en tiempo real, no requerirá digitar ninguna lectura, la consistencia de lecturas será automática, la impresión de facturas será automática, la facturación podrá hacerse por zonas en el área de distribución y en fechas diferenciadas para evitar congestionamiento en unos pocos días, facilitará la disminución de la morosidad, al tener un mejor control de la red en Baja Tensión, la distribuidora mejorará la calidad de servicio al cliente, podrá efectuar balances exactos e instantáneos de energía en cualquier momento y por zonas, o en total, en el área de distribución, y podrá facilitar la supervisión del personal de mantenimiento y operaciones que se desplaza por determinadas áreas.The operation of the system object of the present invention also benefits the distributor as it may apply differentiated rates, may offer prepaid systems, will improve its load factor, will have effective instruments to accurately identify energy losses, will improve demand control of power and energy, it will improve the utilization of its installed capacity, it will be able to renegotiate with the generator its new demanded power, it will improve its efficiency as a result of the reduction of administration and operation costs, it will be able to offer special rates of energy in hours and days of low demand, you can make remote and real-time readings, it will not require typing any reading, the consistency of readings will be automatic, the printing of invoices will be automatic, billing can be done by areas in the distribution area and on dates Differentiated to avoid congestion in a few days, it will facilitate the reduction of late payment, by having better control of the Low Voltage network, the distributor will improve the quality of customer service, can make exact and instantaneous balances of energy at any time and by zones, or in total, in the distribution area, and may facilitate the supervision of maintenance and operations personnel moving through certain areas.
También existen otros beneficios a otros sectores como, por ejemplo: como resultado de una disminución de la demanda de energía en horas de alto consumo y por el incentivo económico al cliente, el Generador mejorará su factor de carga; el generador tendrá una mayor disponibilidad de reserva de energía y potencia con la misma capacidad instalada y mejorará su oferta a los distribuidores; para el medio ambiente disminuirían las emisiones de gases de combustión por la reducción en el uso de combustible líquido en horas de alto consumo; mejora la competitividad de las empresas por tener un menor costo de energía; el menor consumo de combustible líquido contribuirá a mejorar la balanza de pagos; los datos sobre el comportamiento del consumo, incluyendo las interrupciones, de cada cliente doméstico estarán debidamente almacenados en la unidad central y a disponibilidad de los órganos competentes. Una modalidad preferida de la presente invención, es la que se describe a continuación y se muestra en la figura 4.There are also other benefits to other sectors, such as: as a result of a decrease in energy demand during high consumption hours and due to the economic incentive to the customer, the Generator will improve its load factor; the generator will have a greater availability of energy and power reserve with the same installed capacity and will improve its offer to distributors; for the environment, emissions of combustion gases would decrease due to the reduction in the use of liquid fuel during high consumption hours; improves the competitiveness of companies by having a lower energy cost; the lower consumption of liquid fuel will contribute to improve the balance of payments; The data on the behavior of consumption, including interruptions, of each domestic customer will be duly stored in the central unit and available to the competent bodies. A preferred embodiment of the present invention is that described below and is shown in Figure 4.
Los medios para visualizar 1, o visualizador, se instala dentro del domicilio del cliente y estará conectado a la red eléctrica y contará con pilas recargables de respaldo. El usuario podrá acceder a las distintas opciones de información que ofrece el visualizador pulsando uno de los botones del mismo.The means to visualize 1, or display, is installed inside the customer's home and will be connected to the mains and will have rechargeable backup batteries. The user can access the different information options offered by the display by pressing one of its buttons.
Los medios para medir consumo 2, o medidor, se ubicarán en el exterior de la vivienda del cliente y estará conectado a la red eléctrica, pudiendo ubicarse en el mismo lugar que el medidor actual . En caso de optar por un sistema antihurto, el medidor se podrá instalar en la acometida, ya sea en el poste o en el conductor.The means for measuring consumption 2, or meter, will be located outside the customer's home and will be connected to the power grid, and can be located in the same place as the current meter. In case of opting for an anti-theft system, the meter can be installed in the connection, either in the pole or in the conductor.
Los medios de concentración de información 3, o concentrador remoto, estarán ubicados en un lugar que facilite la recepción de la información de los medidores que controlará, y estará conectado a la red eléctrica.The information concentration means 3, or remote concentrator, will be located in a place that facilitates the reception of the information of the meters that it will control, and will be connected to the power grid.
Los medios de recepción y procesamiento 4, o unidad central , contendrá el programa anteriormente descrito y se ubicará en la oficina de la empresa distribuidora, interconectándose al sistema informático de la misma.The reception and processing means 4, or central unit, will contain the program described above and will be located in the office of the distribution company, interconnecting to the computer system of the same.
Los medios de medición del total del consumo 5 estarán ubicados a la salida de la subestación y contendrán un programa que permitirá, conjuntamente con los medidores de su área de influencia, realizar balances de energía con exactitud. En forma resumida, el funcionamiento del sistema es el siguiente: una persona dentro de su casa verifica en el visualizador su consumo por un determinado periodo. Esta información, que fue registrada por el medidor, fue transmitida simultáneamente al concentrador remoto mediante un sistema de comunicación inalámbrico y bidireccional . El concentrador remoto reúne la información de los medidores de su área de influencia y la transmite al supervisor de concentradores, el cual retransmite la información proveniente de los concentradores a la unidad central. Paralelamente, el totalizador electrónico envía a la unidad central la información requerida para efectuar balances de energía. Finalmente la unidad central integra la información recibida y la utiliza para emitir la facturación, informes de balance de energía e informes sectorizados por áreas geográficas.The means of measuring the total consumption 5 will be located at the exit of the substation and will contain a program that will allow, together with the meters of its area of influence, to perform energy balances accurately. In summary, the operation of the system is as follows: a person inside his house verifies on the display his consumption for a certain period. This information, which was recorded by the meter, was transmitted simultaneously to the remote hub through a two-way wireless communication system. The remote concentrator gathers the information of the meters of its area of influence and transmits it to the concentrator supervisor, who relays the information coming from the concentrators to the central unit. In parallel, the electronic totalizer sends to the central unit the information required to perform energy balances. Finally, the central unit integrates the information received and uses it to issue billing, energy balance reports and sectorized reports by geographic areas.
Esta modalidad facilitará la automatización de todo el sistema de distribución de la energía eléctrica, al permitir al distribuidor automatizar el ciclo comercial (venta-cobranza, corte y reconexión) y administrar a distancia (SCADA) la distribución de energía eléctrica en Baja Tensión (BT) . El distribuidor podrá también realizar un balance de energía en tiempo real, cuando lo desee, y detectar cualquier anomalía que suceda en la red de Baja Tensión incluyendo excesos de pérdida de energía sobre el nivel técnicamente pre-establecido . En el aspecto comercial, el distribuidor podrá ofrecer tarifa diferenciada para hora punta y fuera de punta, y para días de bajo consumo, así como también podrá ofrecer venta de energía bajo la modalidad de pre-pago sin el uso de tarjetas . Esta automatización resultará en una mejor utilización de la infraestructura existente, mayor eficiencia en el control de las anomalías en la red y pérdidas en la distribución, aplicación de opciones tarifarias a larga distancia, lectura automática, y programación de facturación en diferentes fechas, desde que el control y el balance de energía así como la facturación de cada cliente puede ser efectuada en cualquier momento.This modality will facilitate the automation of the entire electric power distribution system, by allowing the distributor to automate the commercial cycle (sale-collection, cut-off and reconnection) and remotely manage (SCADA) the distribution of low voltage electric power (BT ). The distributor can also perform a real-time energy balance, when desired, and detect any anomalies that occur in the Low Voltage network, including excess energy loss over the technically pre-established level. In the commercial aspect, the distributor may offer a differentiated rate for peak and off-peak hours, and for low-consumption days, as well as the sale of energy under the pre-payment method without the use of cards. This automation will result in a better use of the existing infrastructure, greater efficiency in the control of anomalies in the network and losses in the distribution, application of long distance rate options, automatic reading, and billing schedule on different dates, since The control and energy balance as well as the billing of each client can be carried out at any time.
Eventualmente, la integración con sistemas de control de gas y agua es posible muy rápidamente y sobre la base de inversiones marginales, pues todo el sistema de comunicación y administración ya estará desarrollado y en operación. La invención está desarrollada sobre la base de conceptos simples de manipulación, instalación y de bajos costos utilizando un sistema de comunicaciones bidireccional, inalámbrico y autónomo. El sistema esta preparado sin embargo para optar por otro sistema de comunicaciones si así el distribuidor lo deseara.Eventually, integration with gas and water control systems is possible very quickly and on the basis of marginal investments, since the entire communication and administration system will already be developed and in operation. The invention is developed on the basis of simple concepts of manipulation, installation and low cost using a two-way, wireless and autonomous communications system. The system is nevertheless prepared to opt for another communication system if the distributor so wishes.
La presente descripción y los dibujos anexos no son limitativos de las diferentes modalidades que se puedan adoptar de la presente invención y el alcance de la misma está dado por las reivindicaciones a continuación. The present description and the attached drawings are not limiting of the different modalities that may be adopted from the present invention and the scope thereof is given by the claims below.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Un sistema de administración, medición y control del consumo de energía eléctrica, a nivel de consumidor final, caracterizado porque comprende:1. A system for the administration, measurement and control of electrical energy consumption, at the level of the final consumer, characterized in that it comprises
a) Medios para medir consumo de energía eléctrica, el cual se localiza fuera de la vivienda del consumidor, b) Medios para visualizar datos medidos de consumo de energía eléctrica, ubicados dentro de la vivienda del consumidor, c) Medios de concentración de información recibida de todos los medios para medir consumo de todos los consumidores; d) Medios de recepción y procesamiento de información de consumo de energía eléctrica, enviada por los medios de concentración de información; y e) Medios para medir el total de energía que ingrese a determinadas áreas o sectores suministrados por una empresa distribuidora.a) Means for measuring electric power consumption, which is located outside the consumer's home, b) Means for displaying measured data of electric power consumption, located inside the consumer's home, c) Means of concentration of information received of all means to measure consumption of all consumers; d) Means of reception and processing of electricity consumption information, sent by means of information concentration; and e) Means to measure the total energy that enters certain areas or sectors supplied by a distribution company.
en donde existe comunicación automática, inalámbrica, permanente y bidireccional entre todos los medios .where there is automatic, wireless, permanent and bidirectional communication between all media.
2. El sistema de la reivindicación 1 en donde los medios para medir consumo pueden ser un medidor electrónico monofásico.2. The system of claim 1 wherein the means for measuring consumption can be a single phase electronic meter.
3. El sistema de la reivindicación 1 en donde los medios para medir consumo pueden ser un medidor electrónico bifásico.3. The system of claim 1 wherein the means for measuring consumption can be a two-phase electronic meter.
4. El sistema de la reivindicación 1 en donde los medios para medir consumo pueden ser un medidor electrónico trifásico. 4. The system of claim 1 wherein the means for measuring consumption can be a three-phase electronic meter.
5. El sistema de cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4 en donde los medios para medir consumo se encuentran en comunicación simultanea con los medios para visualizar consumo y los medios de concentración de información.5. The system of any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the means for measuring consumption are in simultaneous communication with the means for displaying consumption and the means of concentration of information.
6. El sistema de la reivindicación 1 en donde los medios para visualizar consumo es un visualizador que cuenta con una pantalla, un microcontrolador programable, una memoria y un reloj .6. The system of claim 1 wherein the means for displaying consumption is a display that has a screen, a programmable microcontroller, a memory and a clock.
7. El sistema de reivindicación 6 en donde el visualizador comprende adicionalmente dispositivos de sonido y ópticos para alertar al consumidor respecto a patrones de consumo preestablecidos .7. The system of claim 6 wherein the display further comprises sound and optical devices to alert the consumer to pre-established consumption patterns.
8. El sistema de reivindicación 6 en donde el visualizador comprende adicionalmente un botón de reclamo del cliente al distribuidor de energía eléctrica.8. The system of claim 6 wherein the display further comprises a customer claim button to the electric power distributor.
9. El sistema de reivindicación 6 en donde el visualizador comprende adicionalmente un botón con seguro especial para ser utilizado como señal de alarma por parte del consumidor.9. The system of claim 6 wherein the display additionally comprises a button with special insurance to be used as an alarm signal by the consumer.
10. El sistema de la reivindicación 1 en donde los medios de concentración de información es un concentrador remoto que controla los medios para medir consumo, almacena datos, los registra y los comunica a los medios de recepción y procesamiento de información de consumo de energía eléctrica.10. The system of claim 1 wherein the information concentration means is a remote concentrator that controls the means for measuring consumption, stores data, records it and communicates it to the means for receiving and processing information of electrical energy consumption .
11. El sistema de la reivindicación 10 en donde el concentrador remoto se comunica mediante un módulo de radiofrecuencia (RF) . 11. The system of claim 10 wherein the remote concentrator communicates by a radio frequency (RF) module.
12. El sistema de la reivindicación 10 en donde el concentrador remoto se comunica mediante una onda portadora (PLC) .12. The system of claim 10 wherein the remote concentrator communicates by a carrier wave (PLC).
13. El sistema de la reivindicación 10 en donde el concentrador está compuesto por una fuente de alimentación, un procesador central, una o varias memorias, y uno o varios puertos de entrada y/o salida.13. The system of claim 10 wherein the hub is comprised of a power source, a central processor, one or more memories, and one or more input and / or output ports.
14. El sistema de cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 10 a 13 en donde los medios de concentración de información se encuentran simultáneamente en comunicación con los medios para medir consumo y los medios de recepción y procesamiento de información de consumo de energía eléctrica.14. The system of any one of claims 10 to 13 wherein the information concentration means are simultaneously in communication with the means for measuring consumption and the means for receiving and processing information of electricity consumption.
15. El sistema de una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 10 a 14 en donde los medios de concentración pueden opcionalmente recibir señales provenientes del personal de mantenimiento u operaciones con el fin de indicar su posición geográfica vecina al concentrador.15. The system of any one of claims 10 to 14 wherein the concentration means may optionally receive signals from maintenance or operations personnel in order to indicate their neighboring geographic location to the concentrator.
16. El sistema de la reivindicación 1 en donde los medios de recepción y procesamiento de información de consumo de energía eléctrica es una unidad central que está compuesta por una computadora que contiene el programa para analizar, procesar e intercambiar la información recolectada por los medios de concentración de información, y un equipo de comunicación .16. The system of claim 1 wherein the means for receiving and processing electrical energy consumption information is a central unit that is composed of a computer containing the program for analyzing, processing and exchanging the information collected by the means of concentration of information, and a communication team.
17. El sistema de la reivindicación 16 en donde junto a la unidad central se ubica una interfase que hace posible la comunicación entre los concentradores remotos y la unidad central .17. The system of claim 16 wherein an interface is located next to the central unit that makes possible the communication between the remote concentrators and the central unit.
18. El sistema de una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 16 o 17 en donde la unidad central integra junto con el sistema a los sistemas de comercialización, georeferenciado (GIS) y administrativo del distribuidor.18. The system of any one of claims 16 or 17 wherein the central unit integrates with the system the marketing, georeferenced (GIS) and administrative systems of the distributor.
19. El sistema de una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores en donde el sistema comprende además un totalizador electrónico y opcionalmente, un totalizador electrónico auxiliar, para realizar el balance de energía de un área determinada y localizar posibles fugas de energía.19. The system of any one of the preceding claims wherein the system further comprises an electronic totalizer and optionally, an auxiliary electronic totalizer, for performing the energy balance of a given area and locating possible energy leaks.
20. El sistema de una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores en donde el sistema comprende opcionalmente un supervisor de concentradores para recolectar la información de una pluralidad de concentradores remotos a la unidad central .20. The system of any one of the preceding claims wherein the system optionally comprises a hub supervisor to collect information from a plurality of remote hubs to the central unit.
21. El sistema de una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores en donde el sistema puede adicionalmente recibir, procesar y enviar información de consumos de otros servicios públicos . 21. The system of any one of the preceding claims wherein the system can additionally receive, process and send consumption information from other public services.
PCT/IB2003/002508 2003-06-26 2003-06-26 System for wireless two-way management, measurement and control of the consumption of electrical power and other services WO2004114497A1 (en)

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