WO2013004155A1

WO2013004155A1 - Method and device for transforming ordinary electricity meter into smart meter

Info

Publication number: WO2013004155A1
Application number: PCT/CN2012/077977
Authority: WO
Inventors: 郝玉山
Original assignee: Hao Yushan
Priority date: 2011-07-06
Filing date: 2012-06-29
Publication date: 2013-01-10
Also published as: CN102279312A; CN102279312B

Abstract

A method and device for transforming an ordinary electricity meter into a smart meter. The method comprises: fixing a probe connected to a collection terminal and aligning the probe to the window reflecting electrical energy on an ordinary electricity meter; the probe sensing an electrical energy image of the ordinary electricity meter; and the collection terminal reading the electrical energy image from the probe, according to the electrical energy image, determining the direction of power and calculating an energy increase, forward and reverse bases of cumulative energy increase, a time-of-use base and a tiered base, displayed and prepaid control loads, and communicating with an external digital apparatus, so as to accomplish the function of a smart meter. By means of implementing the solutions of the present invention, an ordinary electricity meter can be easily transformed to possess the functions of a smart meter, such as, bidirectional, time-of-use, and tiered metering and accounting, prepayment control, remote control, and output of active power P and voltage U as well as remote signals for access control and switching status, and the like, which is close to the performance of a smart meter. Also, the investment is small, the transformation task is small, and a metering wiring error does not occur, so that the investment can be significantly reduced.

Description

Method and device for transforming ordinary electric energy meter into smart electric meter

The present invention relates to electrical energy metering technology, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for transforming a conventional power meter into a smart meter. Background technique

The smart grid requires the energy meter to have the function of a smart meter, namely two-way, time-sharing, step metering, and pre-paid and remote control. However, a large number of electric energy meters installed on site are mechanical energy meters and a small number of pulse energy meters. If the mechanical electric energy meter or the pulse electric energy meter is replaced with a smart electric meter, not only the investment is large, but also a large manpower and material waste is caused, which is contrary to the construction of a conservation-oriented society. Moreover, the engineering quantity of the meter change is large, and the measurement wiring error is likely to occur.

Therefore, the technical problem to be solved is: The mechanical electric energy meter or the pulse electric energy meter can be converted into a smart electric meter without replacing the electric energy meter. Summary of the invention

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for transforming a conventional electric energy meter into a smart electric meter.

The method for transforming an ordinary electric energy meter into a smart electric meter includes:

Step 1: Fix the probe connected to a collection terminal and align it with the window reflecting the electric energy on the ordinary electric energy meter;

Step 2: The probe senses an electric energy image of the ordinary electric energy meter;

Step 3: The collecting terminal reads an electric energy image from the probe, determines a power direction according to the electric energy image, and calculates an electric energy increment, and the accumulated electric energy becomes a front and back table bottom, a time-sharing bottom, a step bottom, and a display. And prepaid control load, communicate with external digital devices to complete the function of smart meter.

In an embodiment of the method of the present invention, the ordinary electric energy meter is a mechanical electric energy meter, and the electric energy image is a turning image of a mechanical turntable of the mechanical electric energy meter. In the step 2, the probe comprises: an electric light emitting tube And emitting the light to the mechanical turntable of the mechanical electric energy meter; the first photosensitive tube and the second photosensitive tube sequentially arranged along the forward rotation direction of the mechanical turntable, respectively receiving the emitted light by the mechanical turntable The reflected reflected light and the pulse M1 and the pulse M2 are respectively output according to the intensity of the reflected light; in the step 3, the collecting terminal determines the power direction according to the pulse M1 lead or the lag pulse M2, and if the M1 leads the M2, the power direction F = l, otherwise, Ml lags behind M2, then the power direction F = - 1, calculates the energy increment Δ = 1 / where C is the mechanical energy meter constant.

In another embodiment of the method of the present invention, the ordinary electric energy meter is a mechanical electric energy meter or a pulse electric energy meter, and the electric energy image is a bottom code wheel image of the ordinary electric energy meter, and in the step 2, the The probe includes an image sensor and an illumination lamp; the illumination lamp is used to illuminate the bottom code wheel, and the image sensor is used for imaging the bottom code wheel image and outputting data representing the bottom code wheel image; in the step 3, the collecting The terminal includes an image identifier for receiving data representing the bottom code wheel image, and identifying the bottom code wheel image as the bottom data W _s ; the collecting terminal is determined according to the current table bottom data W _sk than the last table bottom data W _S w Power direction, if! ^≥1^—i then the power direction F=l, otherwise, the power direction F=- 1, calculate the power increment A=|W _sA -W _sA —”.

According to the power direction F and the electric energy increment △, the collecting terminal can also accumulate positive and negative active electric energy, time-sharing electric energy and charge. If F=l, the cumulative positive active total table bottom W ₊ = W ₊ +A, the arithmetic active total table bottom W _S = W _S + A, the positive active time division table bottom W _{+ Tk} = W _{+ Tk} + A and the remaining electricity _{_{Υ Ζ = Υ Ζ - Δ xC}} + k; otherwise, F = - 1, then the cumulative total reverse active substrate table W- = ¥ - + Δ, the arithmetic total active substrate table W _{_S} = W _S - △, trans The active time-sharing table bottom W- _Tk = W- _Tk + A and the remaining electricity rate Υ _Ζ = Υ _Ζ + Δ C- _k ; where k = l, 2, 3, ..., corresponding to different rate categories; C _{+ k} and C - _k are the power rate and power generation rate for the current time period.

Further, the collecting terminal further includes the steps of accumulating the step power and the electricity fee, obtaining the step power and charging. Under the condition that the power direction F=l is satisfied, first, the step table bottom of the current step J is accumulated W _AJ = W _AJ +A; secondly, if W _A j>A _g j, then Δ =WAJ- A _g j is calculated, And let W _A j ₊₁ =A, W _AJ = J=J+l; where A _g j is the step power value of the current step, J=l, 2, 3,...; Under the condition of full power direction F=l, the accumulated residual electricity cost Υ _ζ = Υ _ζ - Δ χ AC _{+ J} „ where AC _{+ J} is the additional ladder rate of the current step.

Meanwhile, the present invention also provides a corresponding device for transforming a general electric energy meter into a smart electric meter, comprising: a probe 4 and a collecting terminal 2, the probe 4 is connected to the collecting terminal 2, and fixed and aligned with the electric energy The power window and the inductive power image of Table 1; the collecting terminal 2 reads the electric energy image from the probe 4, determines the power direction and calculates the electric energy increment, accumulates the electric energy forward and reverse, and points The bottom of the watch and the bottom of the ladder, the display and the prepaid control load, communicate with the external digital device 3 to complete the function of the smart meter.

In an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention, the ordinary electric energy meter is a mechanical electric energy meter, the electric energy image is a turning image of a mechanical turntable of the mechanical electric energy meter, and the probe comprises: an illumination tube to the mechanical The mechanical turntable of the electric energy meter emits light; the first photosensitive tube and the second photosensitive tube are sequentially arranged along the direction of the forward rotation of the mechanical turntable, respectively receive the reflected light emitted by the mechanical turntable and respectively output pulses according to the intensity of the light M1 and pulse M2; the collecting terminal judges the power direction and calculates the power increment according to the pulse M1 lead or lag pulse M2.

In another embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention, the ordinary electric energy meter is a mechanical electric energy meter or a pulse electric energy meter, the electric energy image is a bottom code wheel image of the ordinary electric energy meter, and the probe 4 includes a sensor for sensing An image sensor 48 for the bottom code wheel image and an illumination lamp 4A serving as a light source; the collection terminal 2 includes an image recognizer 218 for identifying the bottom code wheel image as the bottom data, and based on the current table bottom data ratio The size of the data at the bottom of the table determines the power direction and calculates the power increment.

The solution of the invention is directed to the existing electric energy meter, and is transformed into a smart electric meter, which can complete the functions and performances of all the smart electric meters such as bidirectional, time-sharing and step metering of electric energy. DRAWINGS

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of the operation of the method and apparatus of the present invention.

Figure 2A is a front elevational view of the first embodiment of the probe installation.

Figure 2B is a top plan view of the first embodiment of the probe assembly.

Figure 2C is an electrical schematic of the first embodiment of the probe.

Fig. 2D is a pulse waveform of the probe output when the forward power of the first embodiment of the probe flows through the ordinary electric energy meter.

3 is an interface circuit of the acquisition terminal of the first embodiment of the probe.

Figure 4A is a front elevational view of the second embodiment of the probe installation.

Figure 4B is a top plan view of the second embodiment of the probe installation.

Figure 4C is an electrical schematic of a second embodiment of the probe.

Figure 5 is an interface circuit of the acquisition terminal of the second embodiment of the probe.

Figure 6 is a circuit block diagram of the acquisition terminal. 7 is a main calculation process diagram of a single-chip MPU in a collection terminal. detailed description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of the operation of the method and apparatus of the present invention. In Fig. 1, the modified object of the present invention is a conventional electric energy meter 1, and the digital device 3 is an existing device. The present invention includes the collecting terminal 2 and the probe 4. The working condition is as follows: the probe 4 senses the electric energy image of the ordinary electric energy meter 1, outputs the signal to the collecting terminal 2, the probe 4 is supplied with power by the collecting terminal 2; the collecting terminal 2 receives the signal representing the electric energy output by the probe 4, and judges the flow Passing forward and reverse of the power of the ordinary electric energy meter 1, converting into electric energy increment, accumulating the front and back of the electric energy, the bottom of the time and the bottom of the ladder, the display and the prepaid control load, and communicating with the digital device 3, Complete the function of the smart meter.

2A to 2D are drawings of a first embodiment of the probe, and the probe 4 includes an arc tube 41, a first photosensitive tube 42, and a second photosensitive tube 43. In this embodiment, the photosensitive tube is specifically a phototransistor. Of course, other photosensitive elements can also be used for the photosensitive tube, which is not limited in this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2C, the arc tube 41 is powered by the power source V ₊ output from the collection terminal 2. After V ₊ has electricity, the light-emitting tube 41 emits light; the emitter of the first photo-transistor 42A is grounded, the collector output pulse M1; the emitter of the second photo-transistor 43A is grounded, and the collector output pulse M2. 2A and 2B, a case 44, a glass plate 45, and a wiring board 46 for fixing the light-emitting tube 41, the first photosensitive tube 42 and the second photosensitive tube 43 and implementing the circuit of Fig. 2C are also shown. The shell 44 and the glass plate 45 are used for the packaging of the probe 4, and the probe 4 is bonded as a whole to the glass 12 of the ordinary electric energy meter 1, aligned with the turntable 11 of the ordinary electric energy meter 1, and along the turntable 11 The first photosensitive tube 42 and the second photosensitive tube 43 are first turned in the direction of rotation. When the ordinary electric energy meter passes the forward power, as shown in FIG. 2D, the pulse M1 leads the pulse M2; conversely, when the ordinary electric energy meter passes the negative direction power, the pulse M1 lags the pulse M2; the electric energy increment Δ = 1/C.

3 is an interface circuit of the acquisition terminal of the first embodiment of the probe. In FIG. 3, the interface circuit 21 includes shaping circuits 211 and 212, and a resistor 214. The pulses M1 and M2 output from the probe are input to the shaping circuits 211 and 212 of the acquisition terminal 2, and are shaped and outputted to the MCU 22 after being shaken. There are various embodiments of 211 and 212, which are conventional techniques and are omitted here. The power supply Vcc is converted to a constant current by the constant current resistor 214 and output to the V _{+ of the} probe.

In order to extend the life of the light-emitting tube in the probe, the interface circuit 21 further includes a resistor 215 and a VMOS tube 216. The 01 output from the single-chip MPU 22 is connected to the gate of the VMOS tube 216 via the resistor 215, VMOS. The drain of the tube 216 is grounded and the source is connected to V ₊ ; after power-on, the 01 output is 0, the VMOS tube 216 is not turned on, the V+ is energized, the illumination tube of the probe is illuminated, and the MCU 22 receives the pulses M1 and M2; After that, the MPU 22 can predict the interval T of the pulse. After that, when the MPU 22 receives the M1 and M2, the MCU 22 turns off the input to the pulse and the output 01 is 1, the VMOS transistor 216 is turned on, the V _{+ is} no power, and the probe is illuminated. The tube stops emitting light; after the delay is less than T, the MPU 22 output 01 is 0, the VMOS tube 216 is turned off, the light tube of the probe is illuminated, and the pulse input of the MPU 22 is turned on again, and so on. The light-emitting tube emits light intermittently, which can extend the life of the probe.

As shown in FIGS. 2A to 2D and FIG. 3, the collection terminal 2 receives the electrical pulses M1 and M2 outputted by the first photosensitive tube 42 and the second photosensitive tube 43, and determines the output direction flag F according to the timing of M1 and M2, if Ml is ahead of M2, then F=l is positive; otherwise, Ml lags behind M2, then F=-1 is reversed; an electrical pulse (one Ml or one M2) is sensed, and the electric energy increment corresponding to one electric pulse is Δ, Equation 1: Δ = 1/C kWh, where C is the constant of ordinary electric energy meter 1, the unit is rev / kWh; The time interval between the previous pulse and the current pulse of the acquisition terminal is T, and the unit is S.

As shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C, the probe 4 includes an image sensor 48, a light guide 47, an illumination lamp 4A, a circuit board 46, and a housing 44. The probe 4 can be bonded to the glass 12 of the ordinary electric energy meter 1 and aligned with the bottom code wheel 13 of the ordinary electric energy meter 1, so that the image of the bottom code wheel can be clearly collected. In order to save power, V+ is controlled by the acquisition terminal 2, night V ₊ charging, illumination 4A illumination, illumination of the bottom code wheel 13 through the light guide 47; daytime V ₊ no electricity, natural light illuminates the bottom code wheel 13 . The image of the bottom code wheel 13 is mapped to the image sensor 48 via the light guide 47, and the image sensor 48 converts each image that is perceived into one frame of image data, and outputs image data to the data bus DB via the bus drive circuit 49. The image sensor 48 can also receive the control signals sent via the data bus DB and the bus drive circuit 49, and start to work every time a control signal is received, feel the image, output one frame of image data, and then rest. The circuit board 46 is used to fix the image sensor 48, the illumination lamp 4A, and the circuit of FIG. 4C, and the case 44 is used for the package of the probe 4.

5 is an interface circuit corresponding to the acquisition terminal of the second embodiment of the probe. The interface circuit 21 includes a bus drive circuit 217, an image recognizer 218, and a resistor 214. The image data output by the probe 4 is input to the collection terminal 2 via the data bus DB. The bus driver circuit 217, and then to the image recognizer 218, converts the image data into the table bottom data W _s , W _{s is} output to the single-chip microcomputer MPU 22; the power source Vcc is converted into a constant current through the constant current resistor 214 and output to the probe 4 V ₊ ; in order to save power, MCU MPU The output 01 of the 22 is connected to the gate of the VMOS transistor 216 via the resistor 215, the drain of the VMOS transistor 216 is grounded, and the source is connected to V+; the 01 of the MCU output of the nighttime MCU is 0, the VMOS transistor 216 is not turned on, and the illumination of the probe 4 is illuminated. During the daytime, the output of MPU 22 is 1, and the illumination of the probe 4 is turned off; the MCU 22 performs a calculation every time the data WS is received, and the current data W _sk and the last data W _S The difference between the time at which w is subtracted to obtain the electric energy AW between the two conversions, the time at which the current table bottom data is compared with the time at the last table bottom data is the time interval T, and the unit is S.

Equation 2: AW = W _sk - W _sk - ₁ ;

If AW ≥ 0, it is positive F = 1, otherwise, AW < 0 is reverse F = - 1;

Equation 3: ^{Δ =} Ι ^ΔΗ 1.

Fig. 6 is a circuit block diagram of the acquisition terminal 2. In FIG. 6, the acquisition terminal 2 includes an interface circuit 21 with the probe 4, a single-chip microcomputer MPU 22, a crystal oscillator 23, a reset and watchdog circuit 24, a clock circuit 25, a human interface circuit 26, a communication circuit 27, and a power supply 28; 4 is connected to the single-chip microcomputer MPU 22 via the interface circuit 21 (see Fig. 3 or Fig. 5); the oscillation signal generated by the crystal oscillator 23 is input to the MCU 22 to provide the operating frequency; the reset and the watchdog circuit 24 are input to the MCU 22 to generate power. Reset and monitor the operation of the MCU 22 of the single-chip microcomputer. Once the program of the MCU 22 is out of the box, a reset signal is generated to force the MPU 22 to reset again. The clock circuit 25, that is, the real-time clock RTC, is connected to the MPU 22 to provide the second pulse and time and date data. The interface circuit 26 receives the data of the single-chip microcomputer MPU 22 and outputs it to the single-chip microcomputer MPU 22 by using a liquid crystal or a digital tube or receiving a manual input command through a button; the communication circuit 27 receives the output data of the single-chip microcomputer MPU 22, outputs it to the external digital device 3, or receives an external digital The data input by device 3 is output to the MCU 22 for data exchange. 28 receives mains power supply, and supplies power to the internal circuit of the terminal 2 after the acquisition is converted into a low pressure.

6 also includes a digital input circuit DI 29 for receiving the access control signal of the metering box, the status signal of the load switch, and outputting to the MCU 22; and a digital output circuit DO 2A for receiving the switching signal output by the MPU 22 The output control load switch controls the power supply of the electricity user by the load switch; the load switch can be built in the collection terminal 2 or externally connected to the collection terminal.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a main calculation process of the single-chip MPU in the acquisition terminal 2. First, input power increment Δ, current time ^ power direction F and current step J and arithmetic active total table bottom W _s , positive active total table bottom W+, reverse active total table bottom W -, positive active time division Table bottom W _{+ Tk} , reverse active power The start value of the time table bottom W- _Tk , the current step bottom table W _A j and the remaining electricity rate Y _Z , where Δ is determined by the interface program according to formula 1 or formula 3, t is the current time provided by the real-time clock RTC , Yz is the remaining electricity bill, F is the power direction, J is reset to 1 at the beginning of the ladder; enter the calculation process;

101: According to the current time t, the time rate table is obtained to obtain the rate type k of the time period;

201: Determine whether the power direction F=l is established. If the power direction is positive F=l, the cumulative positive active total table bottom W+ = W++A, the arithmetic active total table bottom W _s = W _s + A, positive The active time-sharing table bottom W _{+ Tk} = W _{+ Tk} + A and the remaining electricity rate Y _Z = Y _Z - AxC _{+ k} ; otherwise, the rate direction is negative F = - 1, then the cumulative reverse active total table bottom W- = W-+A, arithmetic active total table bottom W _S = W _S - Δ, reverse active power time-sharing table bottom W- _Tk = W-xk + Δ and residual electricity rate Y _z = Yz + AC - k;

301: Accumulate the step power. If F=l is satisfied, first, accumulate the step bottom of the current step J, W _AJ = W _A juice Δ; secondly, when WAj>A _{gJ is} satisfied, calculate A = W _AJ - A _gJ , and let W _A j ₊₁ =A, W _A j =

J=J+1, then execute 401; if the W _A j>A _g j condition is not satisfied, then 401 is directly executed;

401: accumulating the ladder electricity fee, and satisfying the condition of F=l, accumulating the remaining electricity fee Y _Z = Y _Z - AxAC _{+ J} ;

501: The process ends and returns, the current step J is output, the arithmetic active total table bottom W _s , the positive active total table bottom W+, the reverse active total table bottom W -, the positive active time division table bottom W _{+ Tk} , the reverse The active time-sharing table bottom W-Tk, the current step table bottom W _AJ and the remaining electricity rate Y _z .

The arithmetic active total table bottom of the process output W _s should be consistent with the data of the bottom code wheel of the ordinary electric energy meter, if the initial value is equal; the total positive total active power AW ₊ accumulated during a certain period of time (for the beginning of the time table W ₊ The difference from the W ₊ at the end of the period) should be the same as the sum of the positive active time-sharing power ∑AW _+Tk ; Similarly, the total active power AW- should be the sum of the reverse active power-timed power ∑AW - _Tk —the sum of all the steps measured in a certain period of time ∑AW _A j should be the same as the total active power AW _{+ in the} positive period; the remaining electricity charge Y _z in a certain period of time should be the time-sharing power stored in the period AW _+Tk or AW- _Tk , step power AW _A j, the remaining electricity charges calculated according to the corresponding time-sharing electricity rate or power generation rate, additional ladder electricity charges should be consistent; the above consistency can be used as the probe of this scheme The inspection standard of the collection terminal.

In the above 101, k = l, 2, 3, ..., corresponding to different rate types;

In the above 201, C _{+ k} and C - _k are the power consumption rate and the power generation rate of the current time period, and are also input to the calculation process from the external digital device 3 by the communication program; The electricity fee corresponding to the energy increment Δ is:

Equation 4: ^AF ₊ = ^AxC -, ―

Calculate the remaining prepaid value:

Equation 5: Υ _Ζ = Υ _Ζ — ΔΥ+, when F=l; or Υ _Ζ = Υ _Ζ +ΔΥ—, when F=-1;

In the above 301, A _gJ is the step power supply value of the current step, J=l, 2, 3, ..., and is also input to the calculation process from the external digital device 3 by the communication program;

In the above 401, ACw is an additional ladder rate of the current step, and is also input as a calculation process from the external digital device 3 by the communication program;

The additional ladder electricity fee AY _A j corresponding to the power increment Δ is:

Equation ^{^6:} Δ7 - = ΔχΔ

The remaining prepaid values are:

Equation 7: Y _z = Y _z _AY _A j;

When Y _{Z is} reduced to the remaining prepaid warning value YCJZ, the collecting terminal 2 transmits an arrears alarm signal to the external digital device 3 by communication, and the external digital device 3 sends a signal such as a short message to notify the user of the renewal fee; when the Y _{z is} reduced to the remaining When the prepaid closing value, for example, 0, it is of course possible to set other less than the remaining prepaid warning value, the collecting terminal 2 outputs the 2Α output control signal of FIG. 6 to cut off the load switch and stop supplying power to the user.

The collection terminal 2 can also receive a remote command input by the external digital device 3 by communication, and control the load switch to be turned off or closed to stop or continue to supply power to the user.

The collecting terminal 2 outputs the table bottoms W _s , W + , W −, W _+Tk , W− _Tk , W _A1 , W _A2 , W _A3 , ... and the remaining electricity rate Y _z to the man-machine interface for display and communication output. To other digital devices 3 for remote meter reading.

In the above solution, the collecting terminal 2 also calculates and outputs the active power 依据 according to the time interval T and the electric energy increment Δ, and the formula 8: 3600000 χΓ, the unit is W, if 1^0 is positive active, otherwise, Ρ<0 Active for the reverse.

The random error of Ρ obtained by Equation 6 may be large. To this end, digital low-pass filtering is performed on Ρ. The digital low-pass filter can be an n-th order Butterworth or an η-order Chebyshev filter or an n-th order Kalman filter, η = 1, 2, 3, 4. 6 also includes an analog input circuit 2B for inputting the analog voltage signal U, and the sampled signal u _k after the analog-to-digital converter is output to the single-chip microcomputer MPU 22. The calculation process of FIG. 7 further includes calculating the voltage effective value U and the harmonic decomposition output. The fundamental voltage rms value and the kth harmonic voltage effective value U _k .

The active power P, the voltage rms value U, the fundamental wave and the kth harmonic U _k are displayed to the human interface circuit 26 of Fig. 6 and output to the external digital device 3 via the communication circuit 27.

A plurality of ordinary electric energy meters can share one collection terminal, as long as the probe interface circuit 21, the digital input circuit 29 and the digital output circuit 2A in FIG. 6 are all increased to N (N is greater than 1), and the others are unchanged, then one The acquisition terminal 2 is capable of carrying N pieces of ordinary electric energy meters through N probes.

The collecting terminal 2 can be installed by rail mounting or magnet adsorption, and is conveniently installed on the guide rail of the metering box or on the metal plate of the metering box; it can also be fixed by bonding or the like.

The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Any changes and modifications of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention. For example, using the existing knowledge, it is easy to modulate the two pulses M1 and M2 of the probe 4 together, for example, M1 is a positive pulse, and M2 is a negative pulse, which is output to the collector 2 through a line and then demodulated and restored. Into two pulses Ml and M2.

Through the implementation of the solution of the invention, it is easy to transform the existing common electric energy meter into two-way, time-sharing, step metering, billing, pre-payment control, remote control, and output active power P and voltage U as well as access control, switch state and other remote signals. Signal; Compared with smart meter, except for less output current I and reactive power Q, other functions are consistent and performance is close. However, current I and reactive power Q have almost no demand for low-voltage lines. Therefore, this retrofit solution can meet the requirements of the smart grid for ordinary electric energy meters, and the investment is small, the amount of engineering is small, and there is no measurement wiring error. Moreover, a plurality of common electric energy meters share one collector, which can greatly reduce investment.

Claims

Rights request

A method for transforming a general electric energy meter into a smart electric meter, comprising: step 1: fixing a probe connected to a collecting terminal and aligning with a window reflecting electric energy on a common electric energy meter;

Step 3: The collecting terminal reads an electric energy image from the probe, and determines a power direction and a calculated electric energy increment according to the electric energy image, and the accumulated electric energy increment becomes a front and back table bottom, a time-sharing bottom, and a step bottom. Display and prepaid control loads, communicating with external digital devices.

2 . The method of transforming a general electric energy meter into a smart electric meter according to claim 1 , wherein the electric energy meter is a mechanical electric energy meter, and the electric energy image is a turning image of a mechanical turntable of the mechanical electric energy meter, wherein :

The probe includes: an illumination tube that emits light to a mechanical turntable of the mechanical electric energy meter; a first photosensitive tube and a second photosensitive tube sequentially disposed along a forward rotation direction of the mechanical turntable, respectively receiving the emitted light The reflected light reflected by the mechanical turntable, and the pulse M1 and the pulse M2 are respectively output according to the intensity of the reflected light;

The collecting terminal determines the power direction according to the pulse M1 lead or lag pulse M2. If M1 leads M2, the power direction F=l, otherwise, Ml lags behind M2, then the power direction F=-1, and the calculated power increment A= l/C, where C is the mechanical electric energy meter constant.

3. The method of transforming a general electric energy meter into a smart electric meter according to claim 1, wherein the ordinary electric energy meter is a mechanical electric energy meter or a pulse electric energy meter, and the electric energy image is a bottom code wheel image of the ordinary electric energy meter. , which is characterized by:

The probe includes an image sensor and an illumination lamp; the illumination lamp is used to illuminate the bottom code wheel, and the image sensor is used for imaging the bottom code wheel image and outputting data representing the image of the bottom code wheel;

The collecting terminal includes an image identifier for receiving data representing a bottom code wheel image, and an identification table bottom code wheel image as bottom data W _S ; the collecting terminal is based on the current bottom data W _SK than the last table bottom data W _sk _ 々 size determines the power direction, if ^^ W^ then the power direction F ₌₁ , otherwise, the power direction F=

- 1 , Calculate the energy increment ^Δ= Ι^ ^_Η ^Ι.

4. A method of transforming a conventional electric energy meter into a smart electric meter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, The feature is: Step 3 also includes a power accumulation step:

According to the power direction F and the electric energy increment Δ, if the power direction F=l, the cumulative positive active total table bottom W ₊ = W++A, the arithmetic active total table bottom W _s = W _s + A, positive active The time-sharing table bottom W _+Tk = W _+Tk +A and the remaining electricity rate Y _z = Y _z - AxC _+k ; otherwise, the power direction F = - 1, then the cumulative reverse active total table bottom W- = W-+A , arithmetic active total table bottom W _s = W _s - Δ, reverse active power time-sharing table bottom W- _Tk = W- _Tk + A and residual electricity rate Y _z = Y _z + AxC- _k ; where k = l, 2 , 3,..., corresponding to different rate categories; C _+k and C- _k are the current rate and power generation rate for the current period.

5. The method of transforming a conventional electric energy meter into a smart electric meter according to claim 4, wherein: step 3 further comprises the steps of accumulating the step power and the electricity fee:

Accumulate the step power, and satisfy the power direction F=l. First, accumulate the step bottom of the current step J, WAJ = W _M +A; secondly, if WAj>A _g j, calculate A = W _A j- A _g j, and let W _A j ₊₁ =A, WAJ = ^ and J=J+1; where A _g j is the step power value of the current step, J= 1, 2, 3,... ;

Accumulate the ladder electricity fee, and satisfy the power direction F=l, accumulate the remaining electricity rate Y _z = Y _z - ΔχΔΟ _+; , where AC _{+ J} is the additional ladder rate of the current step.

6. A device for transforming a general electric energy meter into a smart electric meter, comprising: a probe (4) and a collecting terminal (2), wherein: the probe (4) is connected to the collecting terminal (2), and is fixed, Aligning the power window of the ordinary electric energy meter for sensing the electric energy image of the ordinary electric energy meter; the collecting terminal (2) reading the electric energy image from the probe (4), judging the power direction, and calculating the electric energy increment, The accumulated energy energy forward and reverse bottoms, time-sharing bottom and ladder bottoms, display and pre-paid control loads communicate with external digital devices (3).

7. The apparatus for transforming a conventional electric energy meter into a smart electric meter according to claim 6, wherein said ordinary electric energy meter is a mechanical electric energy meter, and said electric energy image is a turning image of a mechanical turntable of said mechanical electric energy meter, characterized in that: The probe (4) includes: an illumination tube (41) that emits light to a mechanical turntable of the mechanical electric energy meter; and sequentially arranges the first photosensitive tube (42) and the second photosensitive tube in a direction in which the mechanical turntable rotates in the forward direction (43), respectively receiving the reflected light of the emitted light reflected by the mechanical turntable, and respectively outputting a pulse M1 and a pulse M2 according to the strength of the reflected light; the collecting terminal (2) according to the pulse M1 lead or lag pulse M2 Determine the power direction and calculate the power increment.

8. The apparatus for transforming a general electric energy meter into a smart electric meter according to claim 6, said ordinary electric energy meter The mechanical power meter or the pulse energy meter is the bottom code wheel image of the ordinary electric energy meter, wherein the probe (4) includes an image sensor for sensing the image of the bottom code wheel (48) And an illumination lamp (4A) used as a light source; the collection terminal (2) includes an image recognizer (218) for identifying the bottom code wheel image as the bottom data, and according to the current table bottom data than the last table The size of the bottom data determines the power direction and calculates the power increment.

9. The apparatus for transforming a conventional electric energy meter into a smart electric meter according to claim 6, wherein: the probe (4) comprises an arc tube (41), a first photoreceptor tube (42) and a second photoreceptor tube (43), and a shell (44), a glass plate (45) and a circuit board (46); the light-emitting tube (41) is powered by a power supply V ₊ output from the collection terminal (2); the first photosensitive tube (42) is a first photosensitive transistor (42A), its emitter grounded, collector output pulse M1; the second photosensitive tube (43) is a second phototransistor (43A), its emitter is grounded, the collector output pulse M2; the circuit board (46) For fixing the light-emitting tube (41), the first photosensitive tube (42) and the second photosensitive tube (43) and implementing circuit wiring, the shell (44), the glass plate (45) for the package of the probe (4); the probe (4) Aligning the mechanical turntable of the mechanical electric energy meter and directly fixing it to the window glass of the mechanical electric energy meter; when the mechanical electric energy meter passes the forward power, the pulse M1 leads the pulse M2; conversely, when the mechanical electric energy meter passes the negative direction At power, the pulse M1 lags the pulse M2; the electrical energy increment Δ = 1/C.

10. The apparatus for transforming a conventional electric energy meter into a smart electric meter according to claim 7, wherein: said collecting terminal (2) has an interface circuit (21) and a single-chip microcomputer MPU (22), and the interface circuit (21) includes shaping Circuits (211), (212) and constant current resistors (214), shaping circuits (211) and (212) for shaping pulses M1 and M2 from the probe (4), removing jitter, and then outputting to the microcontroller MPU (22); The constant current resistor (214) is used to convert the power supply Vcc into a constant current and output it to V _{+ of the} probe (4).

11. The apparatus for transforming a conventional electric energy meter into a smart electric meter according to claim 10, wherein: said interface circuit (21) further comprises a resistor (215) and a VMOS tube (216), said MPU (22) outputting 01 is connected to the gate of VMOS transistor ( 216 ) via resistor ( 215 ), the drain of VMOS transistor ( 216 ) is grounded, and the source is connected to V ₊ ; after power-on, 01 outputs 0, VMOS transistor (216) is not conducting. V+ has electricity, the light pipe (41) of the probe (4) emits light, and the single-chip MPU (22) receives the pulses M1 and M2; after a period of time, the MPU can predict the pulse interval T, and then, when the MPU receives the M1 and After M2, turn off the input to the pulse and output 01 to 1, VMOS transistor (216) is turned on, V ₊ No electricity, the light tube (41) of the probe (4) stops emitting light; when the delay is less than T, the MPU output 01 is 0, the VMOS tube (216) is turned off, the light tube of the probe is illuminated, and the MPU is turned on again (22) The pulse input, so continue.

12. Apparatus for retrofitting a conventional electric energy meter into a smart electric meter according to claim 6, wherein: the probe (4) comprises an image sensor (48), a light guide body (47), a bus drive circuit (49), and an illumination lamp ( 4A), circuit board (46) and housing (44); circuit board (46) for fixing image sensor (48), illumination (4A) and circuit wiring, housing (44) for probe (4) The probe (4) is aligned with the bottom code wheel of the ordinary electric energy meter, and is fixed on the electric energy window of the ordinary electric energy meter for collecting the image of the bottom code wheel; V ₊ charged, illumination (4A) illumination, guided The light body (47) guides the illumination of the illumination lamp (4A) to the bottom code wheel; when the V+ is no electricity, the natural light illuminates the bottom code wheel; the image of the bottom code wheel is mapped to the image sensor through the light guide (47). (48), the image sensor (48) converts each image captured into one frame of image data, passes through a bus driving circuit (49) and outputs image data to the data bus DB; the image sensor (48) receives the data bus The control signal sent by the DB and the bus driver circuit (49) is received once for each control signal. Start work, image acquisition, and then outputs a rest image data.

13. The apparatus for transforming a conventional electric energy meter into a smart electric meter according to claim 8, wherein: said collecting terminal (2) comprises an interface circuit (21) and a single-chip microcomputer MPU (22), the interface circuit (21) comprising a bus a driving circuit (217), an image recognizer (218), and a resistor (214); the bus driving circuit (217) receives image data from the probe (4) input via the data bus DB, and outputs the image data to the image recognizer (218), The image recognizer (218) converts the image data into the bottom data W _s and the output W _s to the single-chip MPU (22); the single-chip MPU (22) performs a calculation every time the bottom data W _{s is} received, the current table bottom Data W _sk and last table data W _sk -! Subtraction obtains the electrical energy AW between the two transitions; if AW≥0, it is positive, the power direction is F=l, otherwise, AW<0 is reverse, the power direction is F=−1; the power is increased by eight=^; The power supply Vcc is converted to a constant current by a constant current resistor (214) and output to V _{+ of the} probe (4).

14. Apparatus for retrofitting a conventional electric energy meter into a smart electric meter according to claim 6, wherein: the collecting terminal (2) comprises an interface circuit (21), a single-chip MPU (22), a crystal oscillator (23), a reset and a watchdog Circuit (24), clock circuit (25), digital input circuit DI (29), digital output circuit DO (2A), human interface circuit (26), communication circuit (27) and power supply (28); 4) connected to the acquisition terminal (2) via the interface circuit (21) MPU (22); crystal oscillator (23) The oscillating signal provides the working frequency of the MCU MCU; the reset and watchdog circuit (24) input to the MCU generates a power-on reset and monitors the operation of the MPU; the clock circuit (25) is the real-time clock RTC connected to the MPU (22) to provide the second Pulse and time date data; digital input circuit DI ( 29 ) input access control signal, load switch status signal, output to MCU (22); digital output circuit DO (2A) input microcontroller MPU (22) output switching The signal and output control load switch, the load switch controls the power consumption of the electricity user; the human interface circuit (26) receives the data of the single-chip MPU (22) and displays it by liquid crystal or digital tube or receives the manual input command through the button to output to the MPU. (22); The communication circuit (27) is used for data exchange between the MPU (22) and the external digital device (3); the power supply (28) supplies power to the internal circuit of the acquisition terminal 2.

15. Apparatus for transforming a conventional electric energy meter into a smart electric meter according to claim 14, wherein: said MPU (22) in said collection terminal (2) comprises the following calculation process:

Input power increment Δ, current time ^ power direction F and current step J and arithmetic active total table bottom W _s , positive active total table bottom W+, reverse active total table bottom W -, positive active time-sharing table bottom W _{+ Tk} , the reverse active time-sharing table bottom W- _Tk , the current starting step bottom W _M and the starting value of the remaining electricity rate Y _z , enter the calculation process;

201: Determine whether the power direction F=l is established; if F=l is established, the power direction is positive, then the cumulative positive active total table bottom W+=W++A, the arithmetic active total table bottom W _s = Ws+Δ, positive To the active time-sharing table bottom W _{+ Tk} = W + xk + Δ and the remaining electricity rate Y _z = Y _z - AxC _{+ k} ; otherwise, F = - 1 power direction is negative, then the cumulative reverse active total table bottom W- = W-+A, arithmetic active total table bottom W _s = W _s - Δ, reverse active power time-sharing table bottom W - _Tk = W.xk + Δ and residual electricity rate Y _z = Y _z + AxC _{- k} ;

301: Accumulate the step power, if F=l, first, accumulate the step bottom of the current step J, W _AJ = WAJ+Δ; secondly, when W _AJ >A _{GJ is} satisfied, calculate A = W _AJ - A _GJ And let W _AJ+1 =A, W _A j = J=J+1, and then execute 401; if the W _A j>A _g j condition is not satisfied, then 401 is directly executed;

401: accumulating the ladder electricity fee, under the condition of F=l, accumulating the remaining electricity fee Y _z = Y _z - AxAC _{+ J} ;

501: Output the current step J, the arithmetic active total table bottom W _s , the positive active total table bottom W+, the reverse active total table bottom W -, the positive active time-sharing table bottom W _{+ Tk} , the reverse active time-sharing table The bottom W- _Tk , the current step bottom W _A j and the remaining electricity rate Y _z , the calculation process ends and returns.

16. Apparatus for retrofitting a conventional electric energy meter into a smart electric meter according to claim 15, wherein: The calculation process also includes the steps of calculating and outputting the active power P,

Input energy increment Δ, time interval Τ and power direction F, ;

Digital 氐-pass filtering of η-order Butterworth or η-order Chebyshev filters or n-th order Kalman filters.

17. The apparatus for transforming a conventional electric energy meter into a smart electric meter according to claim 14 or 15, wherein: the collecting terminal (2) further comprises an analog input circuit (2Β), the calculating process further comprising calculating an effective value and a harmonic decomposition; The analog input circuit (2Β) inputs an analog voltage signal u, and outputs an analog-to-digital converted sampling signal u _k to a single-chip microcomputer MPU (22); the single-chip microcomputer MPU (22) calculates a voltage effective value U and a harmonic according to the sampling signal u _k The fundamental wave voltage effective value Uj and the kth harmonic voltage effective value U _{k are} obtained by decomposition.