WO2013167165A1

WO2013167165A1 - Utility meter box

Info

Publication number: WO2013167165A1
Application number: PCT/EP2012/058386
Authority: WO
Inventors: Abhishek BHATTACHARYA
Original assignee: Nokia Siemens Networks Oy
Priority date: 2012-05-07
Filing date: 2012-05-07
Publication date: 2013-11-14

Abstract

Utility metering, and particularly to remote utility metering and remote utility meter control via a wireless network can be accomplished by, for example, a meter box 100 and associated method. A meter box 100 can include a data interface unit in communication with a utility meter to collect information from the utility meter, and a communication unit for transmitting the information from the utility meter to a central station via a wireless network.

Description

Utility Meter Box

BACKGROUND:

Field:

[0001 ] Certain embodiments of the present invention relates to utility metering, and particularly to remote utility metering. More specifically, an apparatus and methods relating to remote utility metering are disclosed. For example, the apparatus of certain embodiments of the present invention may be applied to a meter that does not itself include any remote monitoring or control capabilities.

Description of the Related Art:

[0002] Certain utility companies use radio frequency (RF) and global system for mobile (GSM) networking technologies, for example, general packet radio service (GPRS), cellular data system (CDS), and the like, for meter information collection. This use of remote meter information collection can be referred to as automatic meter reading (AMR). Automated measuring devices, such as, for example, smart meters and the like, have been developed to handle post-paid billing and pre-paid billing. However, numerous meters that are currently deployed do not have AMR capabilities and therefore cannot be converted into a smart meter. Further, these meters may not have communication capabilities.

[0003] Among the meters that do have communication capabilities, generally the smart meters either use a general packet radio service (GPRS) data link or a proprietary transmission network. The information transmitted from the smart meter involves a complete data dump from the meter. In addition to the requirement of bandwidth for the transmission of information from the smart meter to a central station, the central station has to additionally perform the task of processing of the dumped data from the smart meter to extract any useful information.

SUMMARY:

[0004] An apparatus, according to certain embodiments, includes a sensor configured to collect information from a utility meter. The apparatus also includes a transceiver configured to communicate the information from the utility meter to a central station via a wireless network. The apparatus comprises a meter box configured to be attached to the utility meter. For example, the meter can be housed in the meter box.

[0005] In certain embodiments, an apparatus includes sensing means for collecting information from a utility meter. The apparatus also includes communication means for communicating the information from the utility meter to a central station via a wireless network. The apparatus comprises a meter box configured to be attached to the utility meter.

[0006] According to certain embodiments, a method includes determining a loading of a base station in communication with a meter box. The method also includes communicating periodic usage messages to a utility server based on the determining the loading.

[0007] A method, in certain embodiments, includes determining a loading of a base station in communication with a meter box. The method also includes controlling the meter box remotely to communicate periodic usage messages to a utility server based on the determining the loading.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:

[0008] For proper understanding of the invention, reference should be made to the accompanying drawings.

[0009] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a meter box according to certain embodiments.

[0010] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a processor circuit of the meter box according to certain embodiments.

[001 1 ] Figure 3 illustrates an example of a processor circuit for a concentrator according to certain embodiments.

[0012] Figure 4 illustrates conventional utility meters, which can be converted into a smart meter in accordance with the embodiments of the invention.

[0013] Figure 5 illustrates a block diagram showing the functionalities of a field unit smart meter box along with a concentrator according to certain embodiments.

[0014] Figure 6 illustrates an example of an information collection and control system for use with a utility system according to certain embodiments.

[0015] Figure 7 illustrates an example of an information collection and control system for use with an application server and a utility system according to certain embodiments.

[0016] Figure 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method for providing setting up and operating a meter box communication system according to certain embodiments.

[0017] Figure 9 illustrates an example of a multi-mode operation involving short message service (SMS) according to certain embodiments. [0018] Figure 10 illustrates the functionalities of the signal analyser of the smart meter box according to certain embodiments.

[0019] Figure 1 1 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a meter box circuit according to certain embodiments.

[0020] Figure 12 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a concentrator circuit according to certain embodiments.

[0021 ] Figure 13 is a block diagram illustrating the two-way flow of data between the smart meter box and an application server of a communication system and highlighting some features of a system according to certain embodiments.

[0022] Figure 14 illustrates the interfaces between the meter and the smart meter box and towards the communication system.

[0023] Figure 15 illustrates intelligent message flow including an application server according to certain embodiments.

[0024] Figure 16 illustrates intelligent message flow with a smart modem according to certain embodiments.

[0025] Figure 17 illustrates a method of interaction between a utility system and a communication system according to certain embodiments.

[0026] Figure 18 illustrates a method of control of data/information transmission from a meter box according to certain embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION:

[0027] Embodiments of the present invention can allow utility companies to avoid replacing existing meters with smart meters. Moreover, certain embodiments provide for techniques that produce data traffic that has a bandwidth requirement that is acceptable to wireless network operators. For example, according to certain embodiments, data can be transmitted during off-peak times, thereby minimizing the impact due to bandwidth requirements on wireless network operations.

[0028] According to certain embodiments, an external microprocessor and a sensor can be deployed. Moreover, this microprocessor and sensor can be equipped with GSM or similar wireless technologies. Such embodiments can be applied to existing meters without needing to replace the existing meters. Also, certain embodiments may improve cooperation between the telecommunication network and the utility company or companies. Furthermore, certain embodiments may manage the existing meters and partial AMR solutions without replacement, and may also optimize the utility companies' communication flow and provide multiple automation solutions for the utility companies.

[0029] According to certain embodiments, a common platform and a number of apparatuses, such as meter boxes, may be provided. Such a system may be configured to work in a plurality of modes as direct communication or aggregated communication based on the needs and requirements of, for example, the utility company. The smart meter services provided by the meter boxes may include remote metering without needing to modify the existing electronic meters, and without knowing the internal protocols and smart interface details, or the specific protocols of any meter manufacturers. The smart meter services may further include a number of features, such as, for example, billing information sharing, tamper detection, infield inventory management, fault and alarm monitoring capability, configuration management, tools for power auditing, independent power budgeting, paperless bill display, pre-paid and post-paid billing, and the like.

Certain embodiments may enhance the capabilities of mobile operators by balancing the data traffic load in the network between the traditional traffic and the communication requirement traffic utilities.

[0030] According to certain embodiments, any existing meter can be converted into a smart meter by attachment of a meter box. In particular, usage/consumption information collection can be performed without a communication port and with depending on the protocols of the existing AMR/smart meter. Also, by attaching a new casing or meter box, the existing meter placed therein may, in effect, become a smart meter. Along with pre-build intelligences, probes of the smart meter may provide usage/consumption information collection, parallel metering circuit, fire, heat, induction and magnetic tamper detection circuits, a remote connect and disconnect relay, power failure sensors, digital lock of the meter box, digital display, and the like. The digital display can function as a user interface to view tamper conditions, help services, and consumption, as well as information provided by utility companies, for example, bill amount, payment reminder, special messages, and the like.

[0031 ] According to certain embodiments, communication of automated meter readers (AMRs) can be globally standardized. By adopting an open architecture any existing and new AMR manufacturers can be allowed to work with a GSM network to modify the communication according to the open architecture. Thus, certain embodiments can integrate with proprietary AMR approaches working with the proprietary encoding and decoding techniques.

[0032] According to certain embodiments, in accordance with the safety standards, any existing meter may be enclosed within a safety box, which may be used as a meter box. The safety box may be a mechanical box designed to have all the circuits arranged inside the box with internal wiring and a mounting kit for the existing meters. Extraction and computing of the usage/consumption information may be unique to each AMR/smart meter. The size of the safety box may vary depending on the existing meters, which may be a single phase meter, a three phase meter for industrial, commercial or residential application, or the like. Other types of meters are also contemplated, which may be regulated by the local laws.

[0033] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a meter box 100 according to certain embodiments. The meter box 100 may include a door open/close sensor/security seal 10, a fire/overheat sensor 20, an induction coil 30, an adjustable

usage/consumption catch 40, a consumer liquid crystal display (LCD)/display 50, and the like. The meter box 100 can also include a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) configured to replicate an LED output from the meter. The induction coil 30 may be needed only when parallel metering is performed. The LCD/display 50 may be used to display usage/consumption information as well as other messages and information. The meter box 100 may further include three-phase input cables 60 and three-phase output cables 70, although eight or more input terminals may be provided. The meter box 100 may have cavities that are built into the point of interface of, for example, probes. No external cabling may be required. By making the probes integrated with the meter box, the possibility of external interference may be minimized.

[0034] The box 100 may include a groove into which can be placed a

modem/communication module along with all the necessary interface connection sockets. The box 100 may have two cable holes 85A, 85B at the bottom, through which the input cables 60 and the output cables 70 extend, respectively. The box 100 may also include a cable separator, which may include the induction coil 30 at its input side. Power cables may be connected to the input connection. A single circuit may be used to implement a modem/parallel meter integrated circuit (IC) and a processor. The box 100 may have a transparent and water-proof casing in front of the LCD/display 50. A sunlight protection shade may be also provided above the LCD/display 50. A digital lock may also be provided to the box 100. The lock may be configured to be opened only from a central location. The box 100 may further include a meter hanging clamp 80.

[0035] Thus, the meter box 100, as described, can be attached to and more specifically can house the meter. In certain embodiments, therefore, the meter can be partially or entirely within the meter box 100, after installation of the meter box.

[0036] According to certain embodiments, flicker detection applied to the

AMR/smart meter field may provide a method that can make any existing meter operate as a smart meter. The meter box 100 may act as an information collector and transmitter for transmitting usage/consumption data, tamper details with time stamp from the meter 100 to either a field concentrator or directly a central station via a communication network. The concentrator may also be referred to as an aggregator. The concentrator can collect readings from local meter boxes and transmit them to the central station via a communication network. The meter box 100 may include a processor, a memory, multiple sensors, a digital lock, a tamper detection circuit, a parallel meter circuit, a display, a transmitter, and/or the like. The transmitter may be a radio frequency (RF) or GSM module and may be connected to an antenna for communicating with a network. The processor may act as a controller/brain of the meter box and may control transmission of information based on schedule, demand, alert conditions, and the like, and may be configured to coordinate with the GSM network to control the communication based on utilization of the mobile network traffic in a local area. All data for analysis and information may be stored in the memory and may be transmitted in a preset format. The processor may skip or omit sending any authorization code or a start-of-communication message to extract the data from the existing meter or to use any specific protocol.

[0037] According to certain embodiments, the meter box may extract the usage/consumption information from any electrical meters in compliance with standard global guidelines for metering. Extraction of the usage/consumption information of extracted the usage/consumption may be carried out from an existing meter that does not have any communication port, data port and the like, which are built therein. In an embodiment, the meter box may use an optical sensor to collect the information of the meter. The meter box may be designed to comply with the globally accepted metering standard, or with any other metering standard.

[0038] In an embodiment, the meter box may be used as a usage/consumption information collector to identify the meter's fitness before or during operation. The meter box may be manufactured with low cost electronic components and still be compatible with possibility of deployment in a commercial network for tracing the meter reading, instead of communicating and pulling information from the meter circuitry itself. The meter box may require an initialization to set the meter constant as well as to identify a present reading of the existing meter and to start calculating the consumption units of the meter. The meter constant can be the number of kilowatt-hours per impulse, which can be displayed in boilerplate on the meter.

[0039] In an embodiment, the processor may be interfaced to a data source that contains utility data of a parallel metering setup of the box. The processor may operate in coordination with a real time clock to populate the data with a time stamp. The processor may be further configured to wait for the information from the GSM network to transmit the data with a time stamp. The transmission circuit may act as a carrier and all communication may be controlled by the processor only. The transmission circuit may use the open standard and transmission module's manufacturer specific cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and all other features. The transmission enable mode and disable mode may be decided and operated by the processor as per the information received from the GSM network or the central station on the load of a serving base transceiver station (BTS) platform. However, in case of any alert or tamper condition, the processor may overrule the GSM traffic information and may send an instantaneous alert message.

[0040] In an embodiment, the processor may act as a local data logger and may transmit the consumption unit details based on the GSM networks condition to balance the traffic condition of the GSM network between traditional traffic, for example, voice, fax, data, and the like, and the utility company's remote metering traffic. The processor may also act as an infield meter checking unit, by using a parallel metering technique. This may compare the information traced for the traditional electrical meter with a consumption pattern of a parallel metering circuit. Based on a soft logic embedded therein, the processor may detect and inform if the meter needs any kind of a lab testing or fitness testing and may trigger a message of a predefined message format to the central station. The processor may keep the information until a scheduled time of day (TOD) and may transmit the data in accordance with a schedule or GSM network load. This may further reduce the chance of delay in transmission and also may reduce the network congestion of the network for minimizing the impact on the traditional mode of traffic.

[0041 ] According to certain embodiments, the information flow between the meter box 100 and the central station platform may encoded. The meter box 100 may transmit the data in a standard format. This may be unique to any other AMR solutions where the communication is carried out between the remote metering utility server and the meter without any protocol dependencies. All encoding and decoding algorithm may be a part of a computer program executed by the processor. To avoid any kind of information loss, the computer program may be stored in the memory of the meter box 100.

[0042] In an embodiment, the processor may enable the two-way communication and create a full duplex communication with transceiver functionality for receiving information and transmitting data from the meter box 100 using the transmission module, a modem or the like, with an open standard that is available from the manufacturers.

[0043] According to certain embodiments, the meter box may be configured to accept the query from a mobile device on a preset format and to automatically reply on a preset format via SMS. The meter box 100 along with all electronic circuits maybe designed to perform a power on self-test (POST) and

communication check processes. The processor may perform a diagnostic operation to self-heal in case of any abnormality or in case of damage or corruption detection like the memory, as well as to fail over to redundant components if necessary. The memory may also be configured to be expandable to compensate for any write limitations and to extend the life of the product to be more than the standard life of a meter as per utility standards. [0044] Regarding infield inventory control, the door lock condition may act as an input agent for the inventory control. For example, every time the meter box 100 is closed, the meter box may ask for an inventory update to be provided to the central station in order to lock the box. This may allow the real-time update of all field units and all changes in the field to be tracked. The meter box 100 on the other hand may send its serial number on SMS to the central system to

automatically update its inventory.

[0045] Regarding the self-test module, at every fixed interval or power-on, the complete system may check if it is working. Also, a self-diagnostic may run on active elements to check whether any problem occurs, and status update may be displayed locally on the display and the same information, and/or additional information, may be transmitted to the central station.

[0046] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a basic processor circuit 200 and its interfaces according to certain embodiments. The basic circuit may include eight digital inputs/output ports 210, which may be used to collect information, such as, for example, tamper detection, phase information, and the like, and may perform relay remote disconnect and connect, passive information, and the like, by connecting the sensors. A real-time clock (RTC) section 220 may be used for internal clock setting. An LCD connector 230 may be used to display information. An EPROM 240 may be used to store data. A serial port 250 may be used to connect a modem circuit or an RF circuit for transmission. A power failure indicator 260 may be used to detect a power failure and may have a role for saving data upon detection of such failure. The infrared (IR) circuit 270 may connect to a probe for measuring a flicker of an energy meter needed for usage/consumption measurement. Any other optical or infrared sensor that is capable of detecting the flicker of light emitting diodes can similar be used. A power supply 280 may provide power to other components of the hardware. A battery backup attachment may be also implemented to the circuit 200 to charge and provide backup supply. An output digital port can be connected at 290, and additional circuits 295 can also be connected.

[0047] Sensors that may act as tamper detectors can be connected to the digital ports 210 of the processor 200. There is no limit on the addition of sensors, and the circuit can have more interfaces. The sensors may be mapped to the digital ports 210 of the processor. The sensors may be normally closed (NC) or normally open (NO) type sensors, or any other kind of suitable sensor. The sensors can include the following: a heat/fire sensor, a magnetic sensor, an inductive sensor circuitry, a door open and close sensor, and a magnetic lock, and the like. These sensors may be installed within the meter box 100 along with cabling to the processor circuit and may act as a tamper detector and an external environment sensor. [0048] The fire/temperature sensor may be connected to the same processor circuit and may constantly monitor the environment factor of the existing meter. In case of overheat or fire, it may first disconnect the main line to avoid any further damage and short circuits. The sensor may also trigger pre-defined SMS to a remote end for maintenance requirement. This may also update the display to inform a consumer that a fire or overheat condition has been sensed, and, therefore, the supply is disconnected and assistance is needed.

[0049] The door open and close sensor may act as a digital seal for the meter. Once the meter box 100 is closed, the sensor may generate a random serial code in the processor. To open the box, the same code may need to be transmitted from the central station. The display may allow a technician to know if he is authorized to open the box or not. In case of physical opening of the box without authentication, the sensor may trigger a tamper alert condition.

[0050] Regarding the induction and magnetic tamper sensor, the influence of the magnetic and or inductive field in the vicinity of the meter may affect reading capture of the meter. A sensor of 0.5 micro magnetic latch, for example, may be provided in the meter box 100 to trigger a tamper condition in case any such electromagnetic field is introduced near the meter.

[0051 ] The infield meter performance checking and fault monitoring section may include a parallel metering circuit to trace the usage/consumption information and to compare it on real-time basis with the inputs. The section then may try to identify if any difference is observed. This may provide infield meter performance checking. In case there is a difference, the section may generate a fault alarm signal, and a message may be transmitted to the central station. This may help the utility company to identify any problems immediately and may reduce the turnaround time to rectify the fault. Even in case of a fault in the main meter, the system may keep track of the usage and allow the utility companies to bill an appropriate unit to consumers.

[0052] Three digital output ports 290 may be configured to operate relays that act as a remote connect and disconnect for the 3 phase meter. However, for single phase meters, only one relay may be needed. The type of information may be a logical "0" or "1 ," or corresponding voltage level, which may change the state of the relay to connect or disconnect in accordance with the processor input.

[0053] Remote disconnect of service can be performed using the relay, which may be on the input line. This relay may be used to connect and disconnect service according to a remote command. This may be triggered, for example, upon nonpayment of bills, pre-paid limit completion, safety concerns due to conditions like flooding, and any other reason, such as detected tampering.

[0054] The processor 200 of the meter box 100 may also handle the

communication with the transceiver. It may have multiple AT commands and syntax in place. Based on the type of incoming request via SMS on a predefined text format, it may create and transmit an answer message. The data may be logged on the TOD basis, for example, per meter box, and the periodic message may be transmitted once it checks the BTS load intelligence and control function is handled by the processor. For messages such as tamper condition, instant request, or the like, the transceiver may transmit the required information regardless of a BTS load condition. However, usage conditions may be transmitted conditionally, depending on local BTS load conditions.

[0055] The transmission module 250 of the meter box may either be a GSM module or a RF module. The transmission module using a GSM module can transmit the information directly to a central station. The RF module may transmit the data to a concentrator, and then the data may be transmitted over the GSM network by the concentrator. These modules may be smart modules and may be guided by the communication service provider (CSP) control commands and network load. These modules may also inform the signal strength of the BTS and other GSM network information as needed by the control server in the GSM network to analyze the location, traffic condition, health checkup, and power on/power off condition. This may act as a smart ID and may generate a location update of the consumer. This may also act as a data encoder and decoder along with the main processor.

[0056] The meter box display LCD 230 may act as an information sharing screen for the consumer and a field person. The display may allow viewing of the unit's consumption details and may also display bill information, tamper information and the like in accordance with the local conditions and a remote server's input. Using features such as paperless billing, a grace period, and the like, messages can be shared to the user. An audio alert, such as a beep sound, may be incorporated to attract attention of the user to the meter box. A paperless billing solution may allow the meters to inform the consumer about a billed amount, status of payment, and disconnection warning in case of non-payment. This may be displayed on the meter box display.

[0057] Figure 3 illustrates a concentrator processor according to certain

embodiments. An analog digital circuit (ADC) input port 310, a reset circuit 320, and an LCD display 330 may be connected to a processor 300. The concentrator circuit may also include a mobile interface 340, which can be used for

communicating with a wireless network. The concentrator circuit can also include a power supply 380. An RF interface 350 can be used to collect data from local meter boxes with short range capabilities. The concentrator can then aggregate the data and relay it to a central collection area.

[0058] According to certain embodiments, a probe or sensor may be used to sense and count the on and off condition of the LED of an existing meter, in order to determine the usage/consumption that the meter indicates. This process can also be referred to as flicker detection. The probe, sensor, or associated circuitry or processor can further divide this detected flicker by a meter constant, as it is a global standard of any meter, in order to identify a consumption unit. The circuit may include an infrared (IR) LED, a processor, an EPROM, and the like and may correspond to the IR module probe 270 of Figure 2.

[0059] The probe may be a flicker counter for AMR/smart meter application.

According to the meter manufacturing guidelines, every meter may have an LED interface on the front side of the meter, of which flickers may be per the

consumption of the electricity monitored by the meter. Based on information about the manufacturer and model, the flicker count can be summed over a period of time and then divided by a meter constant, in order to determine a

usage/consumption unit. The circuit may be an optical sensor, which may capture the flicker and send the digital signal to the processor. The processor may store the data in the EPROM.

[0060] The inputs may be used to map any existing meter with this system. The inputs may include the unit reading that is displayed on the meter while activating the meter box 100 after fixing the sensor. The inputs may further include the meter constant, for example, impulse, usage/consumption information and/or the like, of the meter. This information may be fed into the controller via SMS from the central station and may enable the display. Every time the meter box 100 is opened for maintenance or replacement, it may ask the field staff to feed the details to the meter box.

[0061 ] Figure 4 illustrates three conventional utility meters. Thus, by way of illustration, Figure 4 shows the location where a sensor can be placed and a location to get the meter constant. The meter may be provided with displays of impulses per kWh (imp/kWh), and electronically these impulses may be viewed by the LED output, as distinct from a text display provided in each meter.

[0062] Based on a short period of observation, or by requesting a test pattern from the meter, it can be confirmed that the LED indicators 510 are working correctly. One of the advantages of using this technique may be in case that this LED is not working properly to meet the electrical metering standards, the meter may be declared to be faulty.

[0063] Figure 5 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a field unit meter box and concentrator located at the meter end according to certain embodiments. The field unit may include various functional blocks, such as, for example, an accuracy check block, a tamper circuit block, a parallel metering block, a remote disconnect block, and the like, which interface remote interface channel (RIC) and signal analysis (SA) blocks. The field unit may further include a tamper detection block, a calculation and storage block, a controller block, a scheduler and GSM network load detection block, a message formulation and instant message request handler block, an RF/GSM scheduler and query handler block, and a real time clock block. The field unit may further include an RF transceiver block, which may

communicate with another RF transceiver block of a modem in a concentrator. The field unit may also or in addition have a GSM transceiver block.

[0064] Similarly, the concentrator may include an RF transceiver block, which may interface with a transmit/receive handler block and controller and schedule blocks (not separately shown). The concentrator may also be provided with a

communication interface, such as a GSM interface, for communicating using SMS.

[0065] The components mentioned regarding the meter box above may be the field modules fitted in the meter box 100 without disturbing the existing meter which may enable many features the meter itself cannot provide. These features may be different from the features provided with conventional AMR/smart meters.

Furthermore, in certain embodiments transmission by the meter box may be based only on SMS or on a combination of short range RF communications to

concentrators and then SMS from concentrators.

[0066] Certain embodiments may additionally employ intelligent communication strategies. For example, the processor of the system may fetch broadcast control channel (BCCH) information broadcasted by a serving base transceiver station (BTS) sector and may check utilization of the serving BTS sector. If it is found that the utilization of the BTS sector is low, for example, less than 50%, it may send the information. However, if it is found that more than 50% of the BTS sector is utilized, it may consider the BTS sector to be in the peak hour and may hold the transmission until the BTS utilization is reduced. The details of the feature may be extracted in accordance with the GSM standards.

BCCH Update Procedure (SIB Contents)

SIB 5 Settable Parameters

(Note: the Transmit SIB5bis setting determines whether SIB5 or SIB5bis is transmitted by the test set. Changing Transmit SIB5bis may cause a BCCH update.)

AICH Channelization CodeNo (This setting may not be changed in the active cell operating mode.)

AICH Level No (this setting cannot be changed in active cell operating mode.) Available sub-channels (Bit Mask) See below. [0067] The available sub-channels (Bit Mask) may specify, of which the twelve physical random access channel (PRACH) sub-channels may be available for UE PRACH access. The PRACH may be divided into 15 time slots, which are known as access slots. Each PRACH sub-channels may include a group of access slots. The more sub-channels the UE is allowed to use, the more often it may transmit on the PRACH.

[0068] A setting of "1 " may indicate that the corresponding sub-channel is available, and a setting of "0" may mean that the corresponding sub-channel is unavailable. For example, a setting of "1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 " may mean that all twelve sub-channels are available. A setting of "000000000001 " may mean that only subchannel 0 may be available. This setting may be checked and worked on for the selection and guided transmission.

[0069] Figure 6 illustrates an example of an information communication system 800 according to certain embodiments overlaid on a utility system. The system 800 may include utility infrastructure 810, a CSP network 820 for

telecommunication and the like. The utility infrastructure 810 may be provided per area, and may include one or more consumer meters 812, a transformer 814, a grid 816 and the like, each of which may be equipped with a meter box. Field personnel 818 may also be dispatched to the utility infrastructure 810 to service the utility infrastructure. The CSP network 820 may include a base transceiver station (BTS) 822, and the like, which may communicate with each other via a SMS/GRPS network 825. The meter boxes may communicate directly with the BTS or, as shown, they may communicate with a concentrator that in turn communicates with the BTS. The CSP AS 824 may also provide online billing information service to a Utility Monitoring System (UMS) 828 via the Internet 826.

[0070] Figure 7 is similar to Figure 6, except that in Figure 7, there is additionally included a CSP application server (AS) 824 that can optionally be configured to provide value added services (VAS) and configured to provide a short message service center (SMSC). Moreover, the application server can be connected to or provided with a network management system (NMS) interface. The VAS platform can handle the start and stop of communication. The application server can also handle SIM to BTS latching information and interface with a utility server.

Moreover, as SMSC server, the application server can control SMS flow. The NMS interface of the application server can interface with the network monitoring system to collect information on load condition of the BTS.

[0071 ] Figure 8 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 800B for providing an information flow solution according to certain embodiments during a setup of a meter box. As shown, the meter can be placed in the meter box, and a

determination can be made whether an RF module is to be used or not. If so, then the meter box can be set up to communicate with a concentrator. In either case, the meter box can be provided with any necessary initialization information, such as time of day, date, and impulse/kWh information.

[0072] Furthermore, it can be determined whether or not to use an application server or a smart modem in the meter box. If the application server approach is being used, then the CSP AS 824 may send information in a "start" message (at 830). Information may be transmitted back to the meter box by the consumer meter end unit (CME) (at 832). The message can then be decoded and stored (at 834). Subsequently, a message to stop communication can be received from the application server (at 836). Otherwise, and in the case of a smart modem, the meter box can communication on a schedule (at 838). Alternatively, in the case of a concentrator approach the concentrator can transmit the information on the schedule (at 840). A web-based application may use multiple reports (at 842). Billing may be integrated to an online payment portal (at 844). The field personnel 818 may be informed when tampering is detected (at 846). Then, tracking of report may be performed (at 848).

[0073] Figure 9 illustrates an example of a short message service (SMS) start of service and sequencing according to certain embodiments. As shown in Figure 9, an SMS message may include a primary SMS center (SMSC) section and individual sections for individual sites. Thus, for example, CModem A at Site A may be related to a first part of the message, whereas CMode B at Site B may be related to a second part of the message. Additional sites can be included in the same SMS message, if desired. The CModems may be modems at concentrator sites, and consequently may be related to multiple meter boxes.

[0074] Figure 10 illustrates a flowchart of an example of a data collection and transmission process 1 100 according to certain embodiments, which may include detecting any tampering at the meter box (at 1 1 10). When tampering is detected (Yes at 1 1 10), an alert in SMS format may be transmitted immediately (at 1 1 12). When tampering is not detected (No at 1 1 10), it may be checked whether a request from a Utility Monitoring Server (UMS) (at 1 120). When there is no request (No at 1 120), routine start and stop of data collection may be performed (at 1 124). When there is a request (Yes at 1 120), a user's request can validated (at 1 122) and it is checked whether the consumer premises equipment (CPE) ID is registered (at 1 130). If the CPE ID is not registered (No at 1 130), a predefined alert message may be sent out to inform that the CPE ID is not registered (at 1 132). If the CPE ID is registered (Yes at 1 130), a link may be established, information may be collected and transmitted (at 1 134).

[0075] Figure 1 1 illustrates a diagram of an example meter box electronic circuit 1200, which may comprise a probe 1210 and a controller 1220. The probe 1210 may include an optical interface 1212, an optional parallel metering controller and circuit 1214, a tamper/heat sensor 1216, and the like. The optical interface 1212 may be configured to capture the meter reading and may be in digital communication with the controller 1221 . The tamper/heat sensors 1216 may also be in digital communication with the controller 1221 . The controller 1220 may include a controller 1221 , an RF circuit 1222, a memory 1223, a power circuit 1224, a power disconnect circuit 1225, an antenna 1226, and the like.

[0076] Figure 12 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a concentrator circuit 1200B according to certain embodiments. The concentrator circuit 1200B may include a GSM antenna 1230, an RF antenna 1232, an RF circuit 1233, a memory 1234, a controller 1235, a GSM modem 1236, a power circuit 1237, and the like. The GSM antenna 1230 may interface multimedia messaging service (MMS), and the RF antenna 1232 may interface customer premises equipment (CPE) within one to one hundred meters, namely meter boxes.

[0077] Figure 13 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a role of an application server according to certain embodiments. As shown in Figure 13, the concentrator may first check the load of a BTS. If a low load is detected, the concentrator may check a registered mapping between device SIM and VLR. Then, the concentrator can send a transmission that includes an activation command. The concentrator can then collect messages from the meter boxes. After that, the concentrator can compress the data and transmit it to the application server via SMS/GPRS. The concentrator can stop transmission if the serving BTS load is high. Although this process is described in terms of a concentrator, a similar process can be applied by a meter box itself.

[0078] Figure 14 illustrates a diagram of an example some features of a system according to certain embodiments. As shown in Figure 14, there can be a variety of aspects of certain embodiments. For example, at the meter end side, there can be a measurement of kWh, based on a conversion of impulses to kWh. There may also be additional circuits for tamper detection, including a magnetic influence sensor, a door open system, and the option of remote disconnect. Not shown, there can also be an option of local automatic disconnect, in case tampering is detected and communication has been rendered impossible.

[0079] Other features of certain embodiments can include a probe associated with the meter box. The probe can determine the kWh information, can include its own tamper detection circuit, and can optionally include parallel metering, such as for verification or setup.

[0080] Certain embodiments may employ an RF link that is in a free band and employs frequency hopping. Coding can be used over the RF link, and multiple channels can be used. These channels can be used to communicate with, for example, a concentrator. The RF channels can include compressed RF communication, coded channel information, as well as control messages, CRC, and the like. Other communication links including a PLCC link or a GSM link can also be provided. [0081 ] Figure 15 illustrates intelligent message flow including an application server according to certain embodiments. As shown in Figure 15, in a first step for low load base station conditions shown as numbers 1 -8, a network management system can check with an application that provides verification regarding mapping of SIM to base station. The application can return the appropriate base station, and a short message server center (SMSC) can send a "Start" communication using SMS to the modem of the customer equipment. The modem, which can be located in a concentrator or in the meter box itself, can then forward the request to the meter box processor for analysis of the request and information processing. The meter box can send any information on usage or the like back to the modem for appropriate formatting, and the modem can format it and send it as a periodic message to the SMSC. The SMSC can forward the message to an analyzer for decoding and storage. The analyzer can periodically update a utility monitoring server.

[0082] As also shown in Figure 15, in a first step for high load base station conditions shown as numbers 9-20, the network management system can check with the application that provides verification regarding mapping of SIM to base station. The application can return the appropriate base station, and a short message server center can send a "Stop" communication using SMS to the modem of the customer equipment. The modem, which can be located in a concentrator or in the meter box itself, can then forward the request to the meter box processor for analysis of the request and information processing, as well as to indicate that local storage should be used until further notice. The meter box can store any information on usage or the like locally. However, if tampering is detected at the meter, the meter box and the modem can send a report of this tampering as an emergency communication to the SMSC, whether or not a "Stop" message was previously received. The SMSC can forward the message to the utility management system.

[0083] The utility management system server can provide, as a response or at its own initiative, an instant information request, a remote display message to be displayed at the meter box, or a disconnect request. The SMSC can check data with the new application mentioned above. Then, it can send an instant message to the modem associated with the meter box. The modem can forward this message to the meter box processor for analyzing the request information processing. It can then take appropriate action with respect to the meter and, using the modem, report back to the SMSC with SMS to confirm that the action has been taken. The SMSC can forward the result to the utility monitoring server.

[0084] Also shown in Figure 15, but not numbered, is the information extraction and tamper detection than can occur on an on-going basis between the meter and the meter box. Additionally, at appropriate times, as described above, the meter box can provide display of information about the meter or about usage of the meter, such as billing information, and provide disconnection or connection controls.

[0085] Figure 16 illustrates intelligent message flow with a smart modem according to certain embodiments. Many of the features of this message flow are similar to those described above in Figure 15. However, unlike the embodiment illustrated in Figure 15, in this embodiment, a smart modem can be included in the meter box or concentrator. Thus, in a process from 1 -2, the meter box processor can request load condition information from the modem. The modem can monitor broadcast control channel (BCCH) information to see what level of load the serving base station has. The modem can then report this to the meter box processor. In low load conditions shown at 3-5, the smart modem can periodically transmit the updates to an application in the utility system, which can then provide the information periodically to a utility monitoring server.

[0086] In high load conditions shown at 6-15, when a check comes back that the load condition is high based on BCCH information, or other load indications, the meter box can perform local storage and periodically check to determine whether the high load condition continues to exist.

[0087] However, when tampering is detected whether or not a high load condition exists, the meter box can send an emergency communication to the application at the utility system. The application can forward this communication on to the utility monitoring server. The utility monitoring server can provide, as a response or at its own initiative, an instant information request, a remote display message to be displayed at the meter box, or a disconnect request. The modem can forward this message to the meter box processor for analyzing the request information processing. It can then take appropriate action with respect to the meter and, using the smart modem, report back to the application at the utility end, which can forward the indication to the utility monitoring server after decoding.

[0088] Figure 17 illustrates a method according to certain embodiments. As shown in Figure 17, the method includes, at 1710, determining load at a base station in communication with a meter box. The method can also include, at 1720, communicating periodic usage messages to a utility server, based on the determined load. The communicating can include postponing and aggregating usage messages when it is determined that the load at the base station is above a threshold, as described above. The central station referred to here can either be the concentrator/aggregator described above, an application server described above, or a utility monitoring server, as described above. Other central stations can also be used.

[0089] The method can also include, at 1730, detecting tampering with the meter box. The method can further include, at 1740, communicating a tamper activation message upon detection regardless of the loading of the base station. This tamper activation device can be communicated with a high priority, such as an emergency communication.

[0090] The method can also include, at 1750, receiving a request to perform at least one action of providing information, displaying a message, or disconnecting service of a utility. At 1760, the method can include performing the at least one action in accordance with the received request.

[0091 ] Figure 18 illustrates another method according to certain embodiments. As shown in Figure 18, the method includes, at 1810, determining a loading of a base station in communication with a meter box. The method can also include, at 1820, controlling the meter box remotely to communicate periodic usage messages to a utility server based on the determining the loading. The controlling can include instructing the meter box to stop periodic transmission when it is determined that the loading of the base station is above a threshold. Additionally, the controlling can include instructing the meter box to start periodic transmission when it is determined that the loading of the base station is below a threshold. The controlling the meter box remotely can be performed by an application server or by a concentrator/aggregator, as described above.

[0092] Furthermore, the method can include, at 1830, instructing the meter box to perform at least one action of providing information, displaying a message, or disconnecting service of a utility.

[0093] The methods of Figures 17 and 18, as well as other methods described herein may be performed by an apparatus that includes at least one processor, such as a controller or a central processing unit, and at least one memory, such as a read only memory or a random access memory. The memory can include computer program instructions, such as a compiled or interpreted computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program instructions can be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform the method of Figure 17, Figure 18, or any of the other methods described herein.

[0094] More particularly, a computer readable medium, such as a non-transitory computer readable medium, can be encoded with instructions that, when executed in hardware perform the methods described above. The non-transitory computer readable medium may be any suitable memory, such as a hard disk drive or an electronically programmable read only memory (EPROM).

[0095] Certain embodiments may provide for low upgrading costs, reuse of the existing infrastructure, easy deployment, adding new dimensions to the utility companies by providing multiple new applications, and the like. Certain embodiments may provide a universal automation process, and may provide the utility companies with a cost effective and efficient solution. The data sensing by the metering device and guided transmission to a remote location may bring a improvement over a traditional AMR/smart meter. In certain embodiments, a method and apparatus, for example, universal meter box, and the like, with the tampering detection and transmission features that may work in synchronization with the GSM network, which may be used for data transmission.

[0096] According to certain embodiments, meter usage/consumption recording may be performed without using the existing meter's communication port. The system may comprise a data collector, a tamper detector, a remote disconnect facility, an infield meter checking, and the like, along with self-healing features. Also, an open interface may be provided for existing AMR solutions such that they may tune to the GSM network.

[0097] According to certain embodiments, a meter box design can be modified with variations apparent to those skilled in the art, based on the detailed description herein. Such variations may include, but are not limited to, substitution of equivalent steps, referenced or discussed, and the functional, operational, or positional reversal of various features, steps, parts, or the like. Still further, it is to be understood that different embodiments, as well as different presently preferred embodiments, of this invention may include various combinations or configurations of presently disclosed features or elements, or their equivalents (including combinations of features or parts or configurations thereof not expressly shown in the figures or stated in the detailed description).

[0098] Certain embodiments can be applied to existing meters, which may reduce upgrade cost as compared to replacing the meters. Certain embodiments may use a technique that is in compliance with the global recommendations for electric meters. Moreover, certain embodiments may also be used to certify the fitness of any meter to be placed in network. An open architecture can be used, and no support may be needed from any meter manufacturers to implement the meter boxes. Moreover, certain embodiments may allow the utility companies to have both post-paid and pre-paid metering. Certain embodiments do not depend on any particular protocols, which may allow the utility company to implement using any available meters. Also, by using a retrofit unit, certain embodiments may help to ensure the authenticity of the meter reading that is currently being used. No calibration or meter certification may be needed. A probe according to certain embodiments may enable tamper detection, remote connect/disconnect, which may be used to convert an ordinary meter into a smart meter. Data transfer according to certain embodiments may be performed during off-peak hours to ensure effective utilization of a mobile network.

[0099] According to certain embodiments, features, such as, for example, time of day, customer profiling, power auditing and budgeting, in-field inventory control, consumer database management, consumer location mapping, revenue reconciliation for utilities, real-time tamper detection, and the like, can be implemented at a central station without change to the existing hardware. [00100] One having ordinary skill in the art will readily understand that the invention as discussed above may be practiced with steps in a different order, and/or with hardware elements in configurations which are different than those which are disclosed. Therefore, although the invention has been described based upon these preferred embodiments, it would be apparent to those of skill in the art that certain modifications, variations, and alternative constructions would be apparent, while remaining within the spirit and scope of the invention. In order to determine the metes and bounds of the invention, therefore, reference should be made to the appended claims.

Claims

1 . An apparatus, comprising:

a sensor configured to collect information from a utility meter; and

a transceiver configured to communicate the information from the utility meter to a central station via a wireless network,

wherein the apparatus comprises a meter box configured to be attached to the utility meter.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises an optical sensor.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is configured to perform flicker detection with respect to at least one light emitting diode of the utility meter.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the transceiver is configured to communicate with the central station using short message service.

5. The meter box of claim 1 , further comprising:

a housing comprising a door;

a door open/close sensor;

a fire/overheat sensor; and

a display.

6. The meter box of claim 1 , wherein the wireless network is a global system for mobile communication network.

7. The meter box of claim 1 , wherein the utility meter is located within the meter box.

8. The meter box of claim 1 , wherein the information comprises

usage/consumption data detected by the utility meter.

9. The meter box of claim 1 , wherein the information is transmitted

wireless network during off-peak times.

10. The meter box of claim 1 , wherein the meter box is configured to perform tampering detection.

1 1 . The meter box of claim 1 , wherein the meter box is configured to perform remote utility connection/disconnection.

12. An apparatus, comprising:

sensing means for collecting information from a utility meter; and

communication means for communicating the information from the utility meter to central station via a wireless network,

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the sensor comprises flicker detection means for performing flicker detection with respect to at least one light emitting diode of the utility meter.

14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the communication means comprises short messaging means for communicating with the central station using short message service.

The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the utility meter is located within the box.

16. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the information comprises

usage/consumption data detected by the utility meter.

17. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the information is transmitted via the wireless network during off-peak times.

18. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising:

tamper detection means for detecting tampering.

19. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising:

remote means for remotely connecting and disconnecting of utility service.

20. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising:

parallel metering means for performing metering in parallel with the sensor.

21 . A method, comprising:

determining a loading of a base station in communication with a meter box; and communicating periodic usage messages to a utility server based on the determining the loading.

22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the communicating comprises postponing and aggregating usage messages when it is determined that the loading of the base station is above a threshold.

23. The method of claim 21 , further comprising:

detecting tampering with the meter box; and

communicating a tamper activation message upon detection regardless of the loading of the base station.

24. The method of claim 21 , further comprising:

receiving a request to perform at least one action of providing information, displaying a message, or disconnecting service of a utility; and

performing the at least one action in response to the request.

25. A method, comprising:

determining a loading of a base station in communication with a meter box; and controlling the meter box remotely to communicate periodic usage messages to a utility server based on the determining the loading.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the controlling comprises instructing the meter box to stop periodic transmission when it is determined that the loading of the base station is above a threshold.

27. The method of claim 25, wherein the controlling comprises instructing the meter box to start periodic transmission when it is determined that the loading of the base station is below a threshold.

28. The method of claim 25, further comprising:

instructing the meter box to perform at least one action of providing information, displaying a message, or disconnecting service of a utility.