Drift compression and beam combining prior to focusing result in [approx]100 individual ion beams with line-charge densities of order 10[sup -5] C/m. A focusing force is applied to the individual ion beams outside of the chamber.

Heavy ion fusion (HIF) requires the acceleration, transport, and focusing of many individual ion beams.

The reported advances with small sources of negative ions, especially negative hydrogen ions, drive the progress of many accelerators and enable new research methods and technologies.

This solved a conflict between two available mass values for 22^Mg. The mass measurements as well as their impact are discussed.

... set - up is shown in Figure 1. After chemical extraction , the strontium sample is introduced into an ion source ... laser beam , neutralization is carried out in a charge exchange cell containing cesium vapor at a pressure of 10-3 mbar ...

Recent scientific and technical advances have made it possible to create matter in the laboratory under conditions relevant to astrophysical systems such as supernovae and black holes.